Gaffikin / Morrissey Planning in Divided Cities

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-1-4443-9319-4
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 336 Seiten, E-Book

Does planning in contested cities inadvertedly make the divisionsworse? The 60s and 70s saw a strong role of planning, socialengineering, etc but there has since been a move towards a moredecentralised 'community planning' approach.
The book examines urban planning and policy in the context ofdeeply contested space, where place identity and culturalaffinities are reshaping cities. Throughout the world, contentionsaround identity and territory abound, and in Britain, this problemhas found recent expression in debates about multiculturalism andsocial cohesion. These issues are most visible in the urban arena,where socially polarised communities co-habit cities also marked bydivided ethnic loyalties. The relationship between the two iscomplicated by the typical pattern that social disadvantage isdisproportionately concentrated among ethnic groups, who alsoexperience a social and cultural estrangement, based on religiousor racial identity.
Navigating between social exclusion and community cohesion isessential for the urban challenges of efficient resource use,environmental enhancement, and the development of a flourishingeconomy.
The book addresses planning in divided cities in a UK andinternational context, examining cities such as Chicago,hyper-segregated around race, and Jerusalem, acting as a cruciblefor a wider conflict.
The first section deals with concepts and theories, examiningthe research literature and situating the issue within the urbanchallenges of competitiveness and inclusion. Section 2 coverscollaborative planning and identifies models of planning, policyand urban governance that can operate in contested space. Section 3presents case studies from Belfast, Chicago and Jerusalem,examining both the historical/contemporary features of these citiesand their potential trajectories. The final section offersconclusions and ways forward, drawing the lessons for creatingshared space in a pluralist cities and addressing cohesion andmulticulturalism.
* Addresses important contemporary issue of socialcohesion vs. urban competitiveness
* focus on impact of government policies will appeal topractitioners in urban management, local government andregeneration
* Examines role of planning in cities worldwide dividedby religion, race, socio-economic, etc
* Explores debate about contested space in urbanpolicy and planning
* Identifies models for understanding contested spacesin cities as a way of improving effectiveness of governmentpolicy

Autoren/Hrsg.

Gaffikin, Frank

Morrissey, Mike

Inhaltsverzeichnis

SECTION 1: Contested Space: Concepts and Theories .
Chapter 1: Cities in Conflict.
Examines forms of urban conflict over resources, identity andsovereignty leading to a new typology of urban contests thatdistinguished between 'pluralist' and'sovereignty' disputes, with some detailed examples.Also specifies the key theoretical frameworks within whichspace and place are currently conceived, elucidatingthe distinctive features of 'contested space'..
Chapter 2: Multicultural versus CosmopolitanUrbanism.
Explores contemporary debates about the efficacy ofmulticulturalism compared to cosmopolitanism, in the context ofpolicies for greater community cohesion and social inclusion.Identifies the links among important components of sustainablecities: addressing 'the deprived city'; the'competitive city'; and the 'public city'.For instance, in what ways can 'bonding' social capitalthat accentuates solidarity within identity communities impair therequisite common civic purpose for a competitive city? In what wayscan the issues of social exclusion overlap with those ofinter-communal rivalry and strife, so that interventions toalleviate social deprivation can unintentionally sharpendivides?.
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SECTION 2: Collaborative Planning in an UncollaborativeWorld .
Chapter 3: Managing Divided Cities.
Focuses on policy responses ranging from the benign to thecoercive, examining how the operational logic of conflicts reshapesboth governance and policy - for instance, the frictionsbetween (1) expanding human rights & democracy and dealing withinsurgency; and (2) includes the disaffected and the costs of theseinterventions to other citizens. The analysis includes an outlineof the diseconomies of conflict, and the related stultification ofviable development, as an indication of the twin process ofregeneration and reconciliation..
Chapter 4: Contested Space: The Failure of Planning.
This chapter explores the extent to which conventional planningmodels deal with these problems. Can urban planning and policyinadvertently accentuate rather than ameliorate the city conflict?Do planning systems need to be reshaped for conflict situations?Yet, what are the limits of collaborative planning in achievingsuch objectives?.
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SECTION 3: Case Studies: Belfast; Chicago; Jerusalem.
Chapters 5 & 6: New Approaches to Planning DividedCities.
Following these previous theoretical and discursive sections,this part offers the empirical evidence. Two main case studies,each dealing with two cities. One would be in the context of theUK, comparing Belfast with Leicester, a similar sized English city;and the other would be international, comparing Chicago andJerusalem. In each of the two case studies, 'pluralist'city conflicts (Leicester and Chicago) are compared to'sovereignty' city conflicts (Belfast and Jerusalemcaught up in ethno-nationalist disputes). While the UK experienceof exclusion and division allows comment on contemporary communitycohesion/Islamic fundamentalism issues, the focus on Chicago andJerusalem allows appraisal of conflict in two cities of globalsignificance. The data for this analysis derives from aninternational research project on contested cities..
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SECTION 4: Conclusions and Ways Forward.
Chapter 7: Rethinking Cosmopolis Amid IncreasingDiversity .
This chapter proposes a new model of agonistic planning, moresuited to addressing the dilemmas of contested space, and locatedwithin an approach to conflict resolution designed to transformrather than manage divided cities..

Über Autor(innen)

Professor Frank Gaffikin (Director of Research) and Professor Mike Morrissey: both of the Institute of Spatial and Environmental Planning, School of Planning and Civil Engineering, Queen's University Belfast