Ghosh Advances in Cement Technology

Critical Reviews and Case Studies on Manufacturing, Quality Control, Optimization and Use
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4831-9038-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 814 Seiten, Web PDF

Advances in Cement Technology: Critical Reviews and Case Studies on Manufacturing, Quality Control, Optimization and Use is a collection of articles that reviews the important aspects of the science and technology of cement. The book presents 20 papers that cover areas such as geology, raw materials, manufacture, chemistry, additions, admixtures, and industrial wastes. The coverage of the text includes concerns regarding cement production, such as the role of volatiles in cement manufacture and in the use of cement; refractories in cement-making; and chemico-mineralogical characteristics of raw materials. The book also covers analytical methods employed in cement science, including thermal methods; EDXA; and electron and optical microscopy. The book will be of great use to researchers and professionals involved in the research, development, and application of cement technology, such as chemical and civil engineers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ghosh, S. N.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Advances in Cement Technology: Critical Reviews and Case Studies on Manufacturing, Quality Control, Optimization and Use;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Foreword;6
6;Contributors;7
7;List of Abbreviations;10
8;Chapter 1. Raw Materials — Geological Characteristics;12
8.1;1 INTRODUCTION;13
8.2;2 RAW-MATERIAL COMPONENTS;14
8.3;3 ADDITIVES AND CORRECTIVE MATERIALS;34
8.4;4 EXPLORATION OF RAW MATERIALS;38
8.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;47
8.6;REFERENCES;47
9;Chapter 2. Chemico-Mineralogical Characteristics of Raw Materials;50
9.1;1 INTRODUCTION;51
9.2;2 CLINKERIZATION PROCESS;51
9.3;3 RAW MATERIALS FOR CEMENT-MAKING;52
9.4;4 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RAW MIXES AND COMPOSITIONAL COMPATIBILITY OF RAW MIX COMPONENTS;52
9.5;5 MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS;62
9.6;6 CRUSHABILITY AND GRINDABILITY OF RAW MATERIALS;72
9.7;7 USE OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES AS RAW MATERIALS FOR CLINKERING;72
9.8;8 PARTICLE SIZE OF GROUND MATERIALS IN RAW MIXES;75
9.9;9 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CLAYS;76
9.10;10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;77
9.11;REFERENCES;78
10;Chapter 3. Burnability and Clinkerization of Cement Raw Mixes;80
10.1;1 INTRODUCTION;81
10.2;2 BURNABILITY;81
10.3;3 RAW-MIX CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION;93
10.4;4 REACTIVITY;96
10.5;5 REACTION SEQUENCE;97
10.6;6 THERMODYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS;108
10.7;7 REACTION MECHANISM AND KINETICS;109
10.8;8 CONCLUSIONS;120
10.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;121
10.10;REFERENCES;121
11;Chapter 4. Cement Burning Technologies;126
11.1;ABSTRACT;127
11.2;1 INTRODUCTION;127
11.3;2 KILNS WITH EXTERNAL PREHEATERS;128
11.4;3 TYPES OF PRECALCINERS;130
11.5;4 PRECALCINING SYSTEMS;139
11.6;5 REDUCING HEAT CONSUMPTION;153
11.7;6 UTILIZATION OF WASTE FUELS AND COMBUSTIBLE WASTES;158
11.8;7 PERFORMANCE OF VOLATILE SUBSTANCES IN THE KILN;162
11.9;8 CLINKER COOLERS;168
11.10;9 COMBINED METHODS OF CLINKER BURNING;174
11.11;10 REFRACTORY MATERIALS IN THE KILNS;177
11.12;11 DEDUSTING OF KILN GASES;179
11.13;12 NEW TRENDS IN ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATION;181
11.14;REFERENCES;185
12;Chapter 5. Mineralizers and Fluxes in Clinkerization;188
12.1;1 INTRODUCTION;188
12.2;2 FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES ON FLUXES AND MINERALIZERS;190
12.3;3 GENERAL STUDIES ON APPLICATIONS OF MINERALIZERS;204
12.4;4 CONCLUSIONS;210
12.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;211
12.6;REFERENCES;211
13;Chapter 6. Role of Volatiles in Cement Manufacture and in the Use of Cement;214
13.1;1 INTRODUCTION;215
13.2;2 SOURCES OF VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS AND THEIR INDIVIDUAL VOLATILITY CHARACTERISTICS;216
13.3;3 REACTION PHENOMENOLOGY INVOLVING VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS;220
13.4;4 CONDENSATION-VOLATILIZATION CYCLES;225
13.5;5 BYPASS IN PREHEATER KILNS;235
13.6;6 LIQUID PHASE AND VOLATILES;244
13.7;7 FORMATION OF INTERMEDIATE COMPOUNDS CONTAINING VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS AND PREHEATER CLOGGING;251
13.8;8 CLINKER PHASES WITH VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS;254
13.9;9 VOLATILES PENETRATION IN REFRACTORY LINING;257
13.10;10 EFFECT OF ALKALIES ON CEMENT STORAGE;261
13.11;11 VOLATILES AND CEMENT HYDRATION;264
13.12;12 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;270
13.13;REFERENCES;272
14;Chapter 7. Refractories in Cement-making;276
14.1;1 INTRODUCTION;276
14.2;2 REFRACTORIES AND THEIR RANGE FOR CEMENT INDUSTRY;280
14.3;3 THE ATTACK ON REFRACTORIES IN CEMENT ROTARY KILN;281
14.4;4 FORMATION OF CLINKER COATING;288
14.5;5 DIVISION OF A ROTARY KILN INTO ZONES AND CHOICE OF REFRACTORIES;292
14.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;297
14.7;REFERENCES;297
15;Chapter 8. Portland Cement Phases:
Polymorphism, Solid Solution,
Defect Structure and
Hydraulicity;300
15.1;1 INTRODUCTION;300
15.2;2 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND POLYMORPHIC FORMS;301
15.3;3 SOLID SOLUTION;304
15.4;4 HYDRAULIC REACTIVITY;311
15.5;5 CONCLUSION;314
15.6;REFERENCES;315
16;Chapter 9. Hydration of Portland Cement;318
16.1;1 INTRODUCTION;319
16.2;2 HYDRATION OF THE PURE PHASES;319
16.3;3 HYDRATION MINERALS;326
16.4;4 HYDRATION MECHANISMS;328
16.5;5 SET REGULATION AND GYPSUM;336
16.6;6 AERATION;342
16.7;7 HYDRATION AT LOW TEMPERATURES;344
16.8;8 HYDRATION AT HIGH TEMPERATURES;345
16.9;9 HYDRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF PORTLAND CEMENTS;346
16.10;10 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS;354
16.11;REFERENCES;354
17;Chapter 10. The Developing Microstructure in Portland Cement;360
17.1;1 INTRODUCTION;361
17.2;2 CHEMISTRY AND THERMODYNAMICS;361
17.3;3 MECHANISMS;377
17.4;4 MATHEMATICAL MODELLING;402
17.5;5 CONCLUSION;402
17.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;402
17.7;REFERENCES;403
18;Chapter 11. Kinetics of Hydration of Cement Phases;408
18.1;1 INTRODUCTION;408
18.2;2 RATE EQUATIONS;410
18.3;3 EVALUATION OF KINETIC PARAMETERS FOR POLYSIZE SPECIMENS;415
18.4;4 METHODS OF STUDY;421
18.5;5 KINETICS OF HYDRATION OF INDIVIDUAL CEMENT PHASES IN SIMPLE SYSTEMS;424
18.6;6 KINETICS OF HYDRATION OF CEMENT PHASES IN PORTLAND CEMENT PASTES AND SUSPENSIONS;439
18.7;7 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;447
18.8;REFERENCES;449
19;Chapter 12. Microstructure and Strength Development in Cement Paste;452
19.1;1 INTRODUCTION;452
19.2;2 PHENOMENOLOGICAL ASPECTS;453
19.3;3 FACTORS INFLUENCING STRENGTH;457
19.4;REFERENCES;475
20;Chapter 13. Magnesium Oxide in Portland Cement;478
20.1;1 INTRODUCTION;478
20.2;2 FIXATION OF MgO IN PORTLAND CEMENT CLINKER;479
20.3;3 PREVENTION OF UNSOUNDNESS DUE TO MgO;479
20.4;4 MECHANISM OF STABILIZATION;487
20.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;492
20.6;REFERENCES;492
21;Chapter 14. Gypsum in Cement;496
21.1;1 INTRODUCTION;496
21.2;2 GRINDABILITY AND GRANULOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION;497
21.3;3 INFLUENCE ON HYDRATION;498
21.4;4 INFLUENCE ON THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR;504
21.5;5 OPTIMUM GYPSUM CONTENT;521
21.6;6 OTHER PROPERTIES;537
21.7;7 CHEMICAL BY-PRODUCT GYPSUM;540
21.8;REFERENCES;543
22;Chapter 15. Aspects of the Chemistry of Additions;548
22.1;1 INTRODUCTION;549
22.2;2 ACTIVE ADDITIONS. CLASSIFICATION;549
22.3;3 NATURAL PRODUCTS WITH HIGH SILICA CONTENT;563
22.4;4 REACTIVITY AGAINST LIME;563
22.5;5 HYDRATION OF BLAST-FURNACE SLAGS;571
22.6;6 OXYGEN CONVERTER SLAGS OR LINZER DÜSENVERFAHREN SLAGS;575
22.7;7 CONCLUDING REMARKS;575
22.8;REFERENCES;577
23;Chapter 16. Admixtures in Concrete;580
23.1;1 INTRODUCTION;582
23.2;2 GRINDING AIDS;583
23.3;3 ACCELERATORS;591
23.4;4 RETARDERS;601
23.5;5 PLASTICIZERS;612
23.6;6 SUPERPLASTICIZERS;622
23.7;7 AIR-ENTRAINING ADMIXTURES;642
23.8;REFERENCES;649
24;Chapter 17. Waste and Recycled Materials in Concrete Technology;660
24.1;1 INTRODUCTION;661
24.2;2 PORTLAND CEMENT CLINKER;661
24.3;3 PORTLAND CEMENT MANUFACTURE;662
24.4;4 WASTE GYPSUM;668
24.5;5 AGGREGATES;669
24.6;6 ADMIXTURES;676
24.7;7 RECYCLING OF CEMENT SLURRY;681
24.8;8 SULPHUR-INFILTRATED CONCRETE;681
24.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;681
24.10;REFERENCES;682
25;Chapter 18. Thermal Methods;684
25.1;1 INTRODUCTION;684
25.2;2 BEHAVIOUR OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS;685
25.3;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;714
25.4;REFERENCES;714
26;Chapter 19. EDXA in the Analysis of Cement;722
26.1;1 INTRODUCTION;723
26.2;2 THE ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY ANALYSER;723
26.3;3 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS;729
26.4;4 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS;731
26.5;5 FACTORS RELATED TO SPECIMEN;734
26.6;6 SOME APPLICATIONS;737
26.7;7 CONCLUSIONS;740
26.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;741
26.9;REFERENCES;742
27;Chapter 20. Electron and Optical Microscopy;744
27.1;Part 1: Electron Microscopy;744
27.1.1;1 INTRODUCTION;744
27.1.2;2 UNHYDRATED CLINKER AND CLINKER MINERALS;745
27.1.3;3 SILICATE HYDRATES;747
27.1.4;4 CALCIUM ALUMINATE HYDRATES;758
27.1.5;5 CEMENT, MORTAR AND CONCRETE HYDRATION;765
27.1.6;6 SLAG CEMENT, BLAST-FURNACE CEMENT;776
27.1.7;7 FLY-ASH, POZZOLANA AND INORGANIC CEMENTS;783
27.1.8;8 ALKALI SILICA/AGGREGATE CEMENTS;785
27.1.9;9 PLASTERS;786
27.1.10;DEDICATION;787
27.1.11;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;787
27.1.12;REFERENCES;788
27.2;Part 2: Optical Microscopy;800
27.2.1;1 INTRODUCTION;800
27.2.2;2 CLINKER;801
27.2.3;3 PHASES IN CLINKER;801
27.2.4;4 CEMENT PASTE AND CEMENT MINERAL HYDRATION;801
27.2.5;5 CORROSION OF CONCRETE;802
27.2.6;REFERENCES;802
28;Index;804