Gidron / Bar Policy Initiatives Towards the Third Sector in International Perspective

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-1-4419-1259-6
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 224 Seiten

Over the past decade, the third sector has had tremendous growth worldwide in both size and importance. As many countries struggle to address this changing reality, many have adopted policy initiatives aimed at changing the ways the third sector is addressed. It is a complex process, involving different fields of practice, different levels of government, and different types of third sector organizations. The contributions to this timely volume detail the process as carried out in eight diverse countries: US UK, Canada, Hungary, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Japan, all of whom have recently enacted policy initiatives towards the third sector. The studies are comprehensive: from reviewing the current policy, enacting new laws, supervisory mechanisms, and modes of funding. Featuring a postscript from Helmut Anheier (UCLA School of Public Policy, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Hertie School of Governance, Berlin, Germany), the thorough analysis in this volume will provide a new understanding of the policy initiatives in the eight countries studied, as well as guiding principles for other countries that may implement such initiatives in the future. The resulting work will give researchers in sociology, social work, third sector research, and international economics a new framework for understanding the Third Sector: its role in society, and its relationships with government, the market, and the citizens of the country.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Gidron, Benjamin

Bar, Michal

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;0001090769_O.pdf;1
1.1;Anchor 1;7
2;0001090759_O.pdf;9
2.1;Chapter 1;9
2.1.1;Introduction;9
2.1.1.1;Initiation, Formulation, Design and Change of Public Policy;11
2.1.1.2;The Multiple Streams Framework;12
2.1.1.3;The Advocacy Coalitions Framework;14
2.1.1.4;A Framework for Description and Analysis of the Policy Initiatives Toward the Third Sector;15
2.1.1.5;Introduction of the Chapters;20
2.1.2;References;25
3;0001090760_O.pdf;28
3.1;Chapter 2;28
3.1.1;A Comprehensive Canadian Approach to the Third Sector: Creative Tensions and Unexpected Outcomes;28
3.1.1.1;Introduction1;28
3.1.1.2;The Framework;29
3.1.1.3;The Policy Problem Surfaces as a Priority;30
3.1.1.4;A Policy Problem Transformed;33
3.1.1.5;The Policy Solution Reveals the Tensions;36
3.1.1.5.1;The Accord Table: Harmony in Action;38
3.1.1.5.2;The Regulatory Table: Tensions Abound;41
3.1.1.6;The Results: A Clash of Values and the Embedding Process;42
3.1.1.7;Conclusion;48
3.1.2;References;49
4;0001090761_O.pdf;52
4.1;Chapter 3;52
4.1.1;Nonprofits and Public Policy in the United States: The Evolution of Accountability;52
4.1.1.1;Introduction;52
4.1.1.2;Policies;54
4.1.1.3;Actors;56
4.1.1.4;The Process of Change and Its Politics;58
4.1.1.4.1;Game 1;60
4.1.1.4.2;Game 2;63
4.1.1.4.3;Game 3;65
4.1.1.5;The Changes;68
4.1.1.6;Conclusion;69
4.1.2;References;72
5;0001090762_O.pdf;74
5.1;Chapter 4;74
5.1.1;Policy Initiatives Towards Civil Society in Germany;74
5.1.1.1;Introduction;74
5.1.1.2;Third Sector Service Provision versus a Civil Society Concept;75
5.1.1.3;The Advent of Policy Changes;79
5.1.1.4;The Federal Parliamentary Commission on Civic Engagement;82
5.1.1.5;Setbacks;85
5.1.1.6;Citizen Action and Policy Revival;86
5.1.1.7;Outlook;89
5.1.2;References;91
6;0001090763_O.pdf;93
6.1;Chapter 5;93
6.1.1;Policy Initiatives Towards New Legal Framework for Japanese Civil Society;93
6.1.1.1;Introduction;93
6.1.1.2;Policy Initiatives for Japanese Civil Society;95
6.1.1.2.1;Public Benefit Corporations under Article 34 of the Civil Code (1896);95
6.1.1.2.2;The Law for the Promotion of Specified Nonprofit Activities (1998 NPO Law);97
6.1.1.2.3;Prior Tax Treatment;97
6.1.1.3;Actors and Stakeholders in the Policy Process;99
6.1.1.3.1;NPO Law: The Role of Civil Society, Media and Business Organizations;99
6.1.1.3.2;The Reform of Public Benefit Corporations: The Roles of Various Social Actors in the Reform Process;100
6.1.1.4;The Policy Processes and Their Politics;101
6.1.1.4.1;Windows of Opportunity;101
6.1.1.4.1.1;Social Factors;102
6.1.1.4.1.2;Political Factors;102
6.1.1.4.2;NPO Law (1998);103
6.1.1.4.2.1;Incentives Created by Changes to Electoral Politics;104
6.1.1.4.2.2;Impact of the Great Hanshin–Awaji Earthquake;104
6.1.1.4.2.3;Legislative Struggle;105
6.1.1.4.2.3.1;Bureaucrats vs. Legislators;105
6.1.1.4.2.3.2;Legislators vs. Legislators;105
6.1.1.4.2.4;Tax Reform;106
6.1.1.4.2.5;Reform of the NPO Law;107
6.1.1.4.3;The Reform of Public Benefit Corporations (2006);107
6.1.1.5;Changes Resulting from the Policy Processes;108
6.1.1.5.1;NPO Law (1998);108
6.1.1.5.1.1;The Passage of the NPO Law and Its Impact;108
6.1.1.5.1.2;The Content and Impact of Tax Reforms;110
6.1.1.5.2;The Law to Reform Public Benefit Corporations (2006);110
6.1.1.6;Conclusion;113
6.1.2;References;113
7;0001090764_O.pdf;115
7.1;Chapter 6;115
7.1.1;Changing State-Civil Society Relationships in Ireland;115
7.1.1.1;Introduction;115
7.1.1.2;Background: Economic, Societal Change and the Welfare State;115
7.1.1.2.1;Economic Change Since the 1960s;115
7.1.1.2.2;Societal Change – Declining Catholic Influence;116
7.1.1.2.3;Welfare State Change Since the 1960s;117
7.1.1.3;The Third Sector in Ireland;118
7.1.1.4;The Relationship between the State and the Third Sector;119
7.1.1.5;Social Partnership and the Role of the Third Sector;122
7.1.1.6;The White Paper on Supporting Voluntary Activity;123
7.1.1.7;Actors;125
7.1.1.8;The Aftermath of the White Paper;127
7.1.1.9;Conclusions;129
7.1.2;References;131
8;0001090765_O.pdf;133
8.1;Chapter 7;133
8.1.1;Policy Initiatives Towards the Third Sector Under the Conditions of Ambiguity: The Case of Hungary;133
8.1.1.1;Introduction;133
8.1.1.1.1;Some Background Information on the Third Sector in Hungary;133
8.1.1.1.2;Analytical Framework;137
8.1.1.2;Changing Policy Actors, Fluid Participation;138
8.1.1.2.1;Political Parties and Government Actors;139
8.1.1.2.2;Third Sector Actors;141
8.1.1.2.3;Individual Policy Actors;144
8.1.1.3;Problems, Ideas, Solutions;146
8.1.1.3.1;Independence and Accountability;147
8.1.1.3.2;Human Infrastructure;149
8.1.1.3.3;Chronic Shortage of Funding;150
8.1.1.4;Policy Windows;152
8.1.1.4.1;A Policy Window Opened by the Accountability Problems: Changes of the Legal Regulation;152
8.1.1.4.2;A Policy Window Opened by an Unmet Government Promise and the Coming Elections: The Birth of the Nonprofit Law;153
8.1.1.4.3;A Policy Window Opened Accidentally: The 1% Support;156
8.1.1.4.4;A Policy Window Opened by a New Administration in Power: The National Civil Fund;158
8.1.1.4.5;A Policy Window Opened by International Developments: The Legislation on Volunteering;160
8.1.1.5;Conclusion;162
8.1.2;References;163
9;0001090766_O.pdf;165
9.1;Chapter 8;165
9.1.1;The Long Journey to the Promised Land: Policy Initiatives Towards the Third Sector in Israel;165
9.1.1.1;Introduction;165
9.1.1.2;Background;166
9.1.1.2.1;The Israeli Third Sector: Major Parameters;169
9.1.1.2.2;The Policy Initiatives: The Review Committee of Government Policy Towards the Third Sector in Israel (Galnoor Report);171
9.1.1.2.3;The Ministry of Welfare Initiative;176
9.1.1.2.4;The Inter-Ministerial Review Committee of Government Support to Third Sector Organizations (The Aridor Committee);180
9.1.1.2.5;The Prime Minister’s initiative: Government of Israel, the Civil Society, and the Business Community: Partnership, Empowerment,;181
9.1.1.2.6;The Israeli Case: Actors and Politics;185
9.1.1.2.7;The Changes;189
9.1.1.3;Conclusion;191
9.1.2;References;193
10;0001090767_O.pdf;195
10.1;Chapter 9;195
10.1.1;On the Interdependence Between Politics and Policy in the Shaping of English Horizontal Third Sector Initiative;195
10.1.1.1;Introduction;195
10.1.1.2;Key Contours of Recent Policy Initiatives;197
10.1.1.3;Box 1 Social Enterprise in the English ContextA growing area of Government interest was ‘social enterprise’, with the drafting;202
10.1.1.4;Box 2 Policy Momentum for Community EmpowermentThe Community Empowerment Action Plan (see text), led by CLG, has included a ra;203
10.1.1.5;From Independent Streams to Politically Interdependent Spheres;203
10.1.1.5.1;Setting the Agenda: The Legacy Created by the Mainstreaming Phase;205
10.1.1.5.2;The Transition to Implementation Processes: Janus-Faced Activism Where Policy & Politics Meet;207
10.1.1.6;Shared Values and Political Contestation over the Content of Third Sector Policy;209
10.1.1.7;Conclusion;216
10.1.2;References;216
11;0001090768_O.pdf;219
11.1;Chapter 10;219
11.1.1;Comparing Third Sector Policy: A Postscript and Six Theses;219
11.1.2;References;222
12;Gidron_Index_O.pdf;223