Gilbert Photochemistry - 6

Plenary Lectures Presented at the Sixth International Symposium on Photochemistry, Aix-En-Provence, France, 19-23 July, 1976
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5623-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 181 Seiten, Web PDF

Photochemistry - 6 is a collection of plenary lectures presented at the Sixth International Symposium on Photochemistry held in Aix-en-Provence, France, on July 19-23, 1976. Contributors focus on the photochemistry of a variety of compounds and substances, including bichromophoric compounds, heterocycles, and metal carbonyls. The results of photochemical studies of visual pigments are also presented. This book is comprised of 14 chapters and opens with a review of the state of the art of ab initio quantum-mechanical calculations for polyatomic molecules, with particular reference to predictions of interest to photochemists. The major areas discussed are spectral predictions, substituent effects on energy gaps, and potential energy surfaces. The following chapters explore energy transfer and molecular mobility in polymer photochemistry; the photochemistry of polyenes and aromatic-N-ylides; cis-trans isomerization in the photochemistry of vision; and aromatic aldehyde-leuco dye photoxidation. The electrochemical boundaries for the photochemistry of spectrally sensitized silver halide emulsions are also examined, along with the photochemistry of organic chromophores incorporated into fatty acid monolayers. This monograph will be of interest to chemists in general and photochemists in particular.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Gilbert, A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Photochemistry — 6;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;CHAPTER 1. WHAT CAN PHOTOCHEMISTS EXPECT FROM AB INITIO CALCULATIONS NOW AND IN THE NEAR FUTURE?;8
5.1;Abstract;8
5.2;INTRODUCTION;8
5.3;SPECTRAL PREDICTIONS;9
5.4;EFFECT OF SUBSTITUENTS UPON RELATIVE ENERGIES OF STATES;12
5.5;POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACES;16
5.6;CONCLUSIONS;21
5.7;REFERENCES;21
6;CHAPTER 2. PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF BICHROMOPHORIC COMPOUNDS : SCOPE AND EXPECTATIONS;22
6.1;Abstract;22
6.2;INTRODUCTION;22
6.3;PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION OF ALKYLENE BIS-9-ANTHR0ATES (20);23
6.4;INTRAMOLECULAR INTERACTION IN DIANTHRACENES;25
6.5;CONCLUSION;30
6.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;30
6.7;REFERENCES;31
7;CHAPTER 3. STUDIES OF ENERGY TRANSFER AND MOLECULAR MOBILITY IN POLYMER PHOTOCHEMISTRY;34
7.1;INTRODUCTION;34
7.2;POLYMER MOBILITY AND CHEMICAL REACTION;34
7.3;ENERGY TRANSFER IN POLYMERS;39
7.4;Acknowledgment;43
7.5;REFERENCES;43
8;CHAPTER 4. MISLEADING SIGMAS AND NEGLECTED GEOMETRIES: THE EFFECTS OF METHYL SUBSTITUTION ON RATES OF TRIPLET STATE HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION BY THE BENZOYL GROUP;44
8.1;Abstract;44
8.2;INTRODUCTION;44
8.3;MONITORING SYSTEM;44
8.4;RESULTS: META AND PARA METHYLS;45
8.5;ANALYSIS OF SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS;46
8.6;THE MEANING OF THERMAL EQUILIBRATION OF ELECTRONIC STATES;47
8.7;OPPOSITE META/PARA SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS .. . , p * AND tt, p * TRIPLETS;47
8.8;ORTHO-METHYL KETONES: COMPETITIVE PHOTOENOLIZATION;48
8.9;2, 6-DIMETHYL KETONES;51
8.10;Acknowledgement;54
8.11;REFERENCES;54
9;CHAPTER 5. MATRIX PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF METAL CARBONYLS;56
9.1;Abstract.;56
9.2;INTRODUCTION;56
9.3;MATRIX PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF M (C0)6 (M = Cr, Mo, W);57
9.4;SOLUTION PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF M(C0)6 AND Fe(C0)5;67
9.5;FURTHER MECHANISTIC POINTS;69
9.6;REFERENCES;70
10;CHAPTER 6. PHOTOCHEMICAL AND THERMAL REACTIONS OF SOME HETEROCYCLES CONTAINING C=N-0 OR N=C-0 GROUP;72
10.1;Abstract;72
10.2;INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF OUR STUDIES;72
10.3;PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF 4-ARYL-2-OXA-3-AZABICYCLO[3.2.0]-HEPTA-3,6-DIENES;74
10.4;PHOTOREACTIONS OF 2-ISOXAZOLINES FUSED WITH CYCLOALKANE RINGS;79
10.5;PYROLYSES OF 4-PHENYL-2-OXA-3-AZA- AND 3-PHENYL-2-OXA-4-AZA-BICYCLO[3.2.0]HEPTA-3,6-DIENES AND 1,3-OXAZEPINES;84
10.6;Acknowledgement;87
10.7;REFERENCES;88
11;CHAPTER 7. THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF AROMATIC-N-YLIDES.REARRANGEMENT AND FRAGMENTATION PATTERNS.;90
11.1;Abstract;90
11.2;INTRODUCTION;90
11.3;THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF PYRIDINIUM METHYLIDES;92
11.4;THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF 1-IMINOPYRIDINIUM YLIDES;93
11.5;THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF AROMATIC N-OXIDES;98
11.6;CONCLUSION;99
11.7;REFERENCES;100
12;CHAPTER 8. PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF POLYENES. CONTROL BY ORBITAL SYMMETRY AND GROUND STATE CONFORMATIONS ?;102
12.1;Abstract;102
12.2;Acknowledgement;115
12.3;REFERENCES;115
13;CHAPTER 9.
PHOTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF VISUAL PIGMENTS;118
13.1;Abstract;118
13.2;DIRECT EXCITATION OF RETINALS;121
13.3;BIACETYL 3SENSITIZATION OF RETINALS;121
13.4;TRIPLET SENSITIZED ISOMERIZATION OF RETINALS;122
13.5;PULSED LASER EXCITATION OF PIGMENTS;122
13.6;PULSED LASER EXCITATION OF RHODOPSIN;123
13.7;TRIPLET SENSITIZED ISOMERIZATION OF RHODOPSIN IN TRITON X-100 at 0° C;123
13.8;Acknowledgement;124
13.9;REFERENCES;124
14;CHAPTER 10.
CIS-TRANS ISOMERIZATION IN THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF VISION;126
14.1;Abstract;126
14.2;INTRODUCTION;126
14.3;METHODS AND RESULTS;127
14.4;THE PRIMARY PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESS;129
14.5;POTENTIAL ENERGY CURVES IN RHODOPSIN;130
14.6;SOME COMMENTS ON BACTERIORHODOPSIN;133
14.7;STUDIES OF MODEL COMPOUNDS;134
14.8;Acknowledgement;135
14.9;REFERENCES;135
15;CHAPTER 11.
AROMATIC ALDEHYDE-LEUCO DYE PHOTOXIDATION;138
15.1;Abstract;138
15.2;Aldehyde;139
15.3;Binder;139
15.4;Plasticization;139
15.5;Sensitization;139
15.6;Fixing;140
15.7;Mechanism;140
15.8;Conclusion;141
15.9;Acknowledgment;141
15.10;References;141
16;CHAPTER 12. A REVIEW OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL BOUNDARIES FOR THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF SPECTRALLY SENSITIZED SILVER HALIDE EMULSIONS;142
16.1;Abstract;142
16.2;INTRODUCTION;142
16.3;SUPERSENSITIZATION;142
16.4;PHOTOHOLE FORMATION;144
16.5;PHOTOELECTRON THRESHOLDS;149
16.6;PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY THRESHOLD;149
16.7;LUMINESCENT THRESHOLD;155
16.8;EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON PHOTOGRAPHIC THRESHOLDS;158
16.9;SUMMARY;162
16.10;Acknowledgment;162
16.11;REFERENCES;162
17;CHAPTER 13.
PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC CHROMOPHORES INCORPORATED INTO FATTY ACID MONOLAYERS;164
17.1;Abstract;164
17.2;INTRODUCTION;164
17.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;165
17.4;REFERENCES;172
18;CHAPTER 14.
RECENT MECHANISTIC AND EXPLORATORY ORGANIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY;174
18.1;Abstract;174
18.2;INTRODUCTION;174
18.3;SINGLE PHOTON COUNTING WITH SIMULATED DEC0NVOLUTION;174
18.4;SOME EXPLORATORY ORGANIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY;179
18.5;CONCLUSION;182
18.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;182
18.7;REFERENCES;182