Götzke American Immigration Policy

Confronting the Nation's Challenges
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-0-387-95940-5
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 236 Seiten

Collaboration can be a painful process, especially between authors of different disciplines. This book is an outgrowth of discussions between a Political Scientist and Economists at the School of Urban and Public Affairs, University of Louisville. The Economics perspective is found in Chapter 3 and was largely written by Frank Götzke. The Political Science oriented review, Chapters 2 and 6,aswellasall the case studies were largely provided by Steven Koven. Most of the book, but es- cially Chapters 4, 5, and 7 evolved as a consequence of conversations between the two authors. We believe the product of two disciplinary approaches has produced a collective outcome that is greater than the sum of individual parts would have been. In this book we have attempted to combine the analytical, empirical, historical, political, and economics approaches. Chapter 3 presents an analytical model, based on economics, Chapters 4 and 5 summarize empirical census data related to im- grants, and Chapter 6 reviews the legislative and political history of immigration.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Götzke, Frank

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;7
2;Contents;8
3;1 Introduction;12
3.1; A Nation of Immigrants;12
3.2; History of American Settlement and Migration;13
3.3; Americas New Immigrants;13
3.4; Theories of Migration;14
3.4.1; Pull and Push Theories of Migration;15
3.4.2; Neoclassical Economic Theory of Migration;16
3.4.3; Segmented Labor Market Theory;18
3.5; Overview of US Immigration and Immigration Policies;19
3.5.1; From Open Immigration to Initial Restrictions (1790--1920);20
3.5.2; Era of Clear Restrictions (1921--1964);21
3.5.3; Era of Easing Restrictions (1965--1985);22
3.5.4; Era of Renewed Restrictions (1986--Present);23
3.6; Contemporary Controversies in Immigration Policy;24
3.6.1; Economic Angst;25
3.6.2; Cultural and Political Angst;26
3.7; Plan of Book;28
4;2 Theoretical Perspectives: Economics, Culture, Politics;29
4.1; Introduction;29
4.2; Economic Perspectives on Immigration;30
4.2.1; Neoclassical Perspectives on Immigration;31
4.2.2; Dual Labor Market, World Systems, Social Group and Family Theories;33
4.3; Cultural Perspectives on Immigration;35
4.4; Political Perspectives on Immigration;38
4.4.1; Historical Views on Immigration;38
4.4.2; Contemporary Views on Immigration;40
4.5; Toward a Policy of Optimal Immigration;41
4.6; Conclusions;42
5;3 The Political Economy of Immigration Policies and Politics;44
5.1; Introduction;44
5.2; The Microeconomics of Migration;46
5.3; The Macroeconomics of Immigration;49
5.4; Optimal Immigration Policy;52
5.5; The Politics of Immigration Policy;59
6;4 Immigrant Contributions to American Economic Development;62
6.1; Introduction;62
6.2; Literature on Economic Impact of Immigrants;63
6.3; Description and Analysis of Data;66
6.3.1; American Community Survey Data;66
6.3.2; Description of Immigrants in 2007;66
6.3.3; Immigrant Earnings;70
6.3.4; Immigrant Education;74
6.3.5; Immigrant Gender;78
6.3.6; Immigrant Age;79
6.3.7; Immigrant Wealth;80
6.4; Conclusions;85
6.5; Case 4.1 Andrew Grove (Budapest, Hungary);86
6.5.1; Andrew Grove's Early Life;86
6.5.2; Escape from Hungary and Early Life in the United States;86
6.5.3; Andrew Grove's Business Career;87
6.5.4; Andrew Grove's Management Philosophy;88
6.5.5; Legacy of Andrew Grove;90
6.6; Case 4.2 An Wang (Shanghai, China);91
6.6.1; An Wang's Early Life;91
6.6.2; Education and Inventions;92
6.6.3; Wang Labs;93
6.6.4; Legacy of An Wang;95
6.7; Case 4.3 George Soros (Budapest, Hungary);97
6.7.1; George Soros's Early Life;97
6.7.2; Soros the Financier;98
6.7.3; Soros the Philosopher and Political Activist;99
6.7.4; Legacy of George Soros;100
7;5 Immigrant Contributions to American Culture;101
7.1; Introduction;101
7.2; Literature on Cultural Impact of Immigrants;102
7.3; Description and Analysis of Data;106
7.3.1; Work Effort;106
7.4; Self-Employment (Entrepreneurship);107
7.4.1; Dependency;110
7.4.2; Marriage;112
7.4.3; Naturalization;113
7.4.4; Ability to Speak English;115
7.4.5; Military Participation;116
7.5; Conclusions;117
7.6; Case 5.1 Irving Berlin (Temun, Russia);118
7.6.1; Irving Berlin's Early Life;118
7.6.1.1; Berlin the Songwriter and Composer;120
7.6.2; Berlin the American Patriot;121
7.6.2.1; Berlin's Personal Life;123
7.6.3; Legacy of Irving Berlin;123
7.7; Case 5.2 Hakeem Olajuwon (Lagos, Nigeria);124
7.7.1; Hakeem Olajuwon's Early Life;125
7.7.2; Olajuwon's College and Pro Career;126
7.7.3; Olajuwon's Personal Life;127
7.7.4; Legacy of Hakeem Olajuwon;128
8;6 Immigrant Contributions to American Politicsand Immigration Policy;131
8.1; Introduction;131
8.2; Historical Review of Immigration Policy;131
8.2.1; Immigration Policies in Colonial Times;131
8.2.1.1; Massachusetts;131
8.2.1.2; Virginia and Other Colonies;132
8.2.1.3; Nativism in the Colonial Period;133
8.3; Immigration Policies in the Post-colonial Era;134
8.3.1; From Open Immigration to Initial Restrictions (1798--1920);134
8.3.1.1; Naturalization Act, Alien Enemies Act, Alien Friends Act (1798);134
8.3.1.2; Steerage and Passenger Acts (1819, 1847, 1855);135
8.3.1.3; Chinese Exclusion Acts (1882, 1884, 1888, 1892);135
8.3.1.4; Dillingham Commission (1907--1911);137
8.3.1.5; Immigration Act of 1917;138
8.3.2; Era of Clear Restrictions (1921--1964);138
8.3.2.1; Quota Act of 1921 ;138
8.3.2.2; Immigration Act of 1924 (Johnson-Reed Act);140
8.3.2.3; Japanese Internment (1942--1946) ;141
8.3.2.4; Bracero Program (1942--1964);142
8.3.2.5; Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1952 (McCarron-Walter Act);142
8.3.3; Era of Eased Restrictions (1965--1985);143
8.3.3.1; Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965;143
8.3.3.2; Refugee Act of 1980;146
8.3.4; Era of Renewed Restrictions (1986-Present) ;146
8.3.4.1; Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986;146
8.3.4.2; Proposition 187 (1994);148
8.3.4.3; Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Responsibility Act of 1996;150
8.3.4.4; Real ID Act of 2005;150
8.3.4.5; Border Protection, Antiterrorism, and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005 (Sensenbrenner-King Bill);151
8.3.4.6; Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007;152
8.4; Contemporary Postures on Immigration;153
8.5; Case Studies of Political Impact of Select Immigrants;154
8.5.1; Case 6.1 Arnold Schwarzenegger (Thal, Austria);154
8.5.1.1; Schwarzenegger's Early Life;154
8.5.1.2; Business and Personal Life;155
8.5.1.3; Movie Career;156
8.5.1.4; Political Career;157
8.5.1.5; Schwarzenegger and Reflection on the American Dream;159
8.5.2; Case 6.2 Henry Kissinger (Furth, Bavaria);159
8.5.2.1; Henry Kissinger's Early Life;159
8.5.2.2; School and the Army;160
8.5.2.3; Higher Education and Networking;161
8.5.2.4; Diplomatic Career;163
8.5.2.5; Life After Government Service;164
8.5.2.6; Kissinger's Legacy;165
8.5.3; Case 6.3 Madeleine Albright (Prague, Czechoslovakia);166
8.5.3.1; Madeleine Albright's Early Life;166
8.5.3.2; Life in America;167
8.5.3.3; Political and Academic Career;168
8.5.3.4; U.N. Ambassador and Secretary of State;170
8.5.3.5; Life After Government;172
8.5.3.6; Legacy of Madeleine Albright;173
9;7 Immigration Policies Outside of the United States;174
9.1; Introduction;174
9.2; Immigration Policy in Commonwealth Nations;175
9.2.1; Canada;175
9.2.1.1; Immigration History;175
9.2.1.2; Immigration Policy;177
9.2.2; Australia;181
9.2.2.1; Immigration History;181
9.2.2.2; Immigration Policy;182
9.3; Immigration and Immigration Policy in Western European Nations;184
9.4; Immigration Policy in Western European Nations;185
9.4.1; France;185
9.4.1.1; Immigration History;185
9.4.1.2; Immigration Policy;187
9.4.2; Germany;191
9.4.2.1; Immigration History;191
9.4.2.2; Immigration Policy;193
9.5; Case 7.1 France and the Headscarves Affair;195
9.5.1; Facts of Case;195
9.5.2; Political Implications of Affair;196
9.6; Case 7.2 2001 Riots in the United Kingdom: Oldham, Burnley, Bradford, Leeds;198
9.6.1; Facts of Cases;198
9.6.2; Causes of Riots in UK;198
9.6.3; Investigations into Riots in Oldham;200
10;8 Conclusions;202
10.1; Introduction;202
10.2; Immigration Policy Regarding LPRs and H1-B Workers;203
10.3; Canadian and Australian Merit-Based Immigration Policy;206
10.4; Illegal Immigration in the United States;210
10.5; Characteristics of Major Immigrant Groups;212
10.6; Immigration Policy Prescriptions;214
10.7; Public Opinion and Immigration;216
10.8; What Does the Future Hold?;217
11;Glossary;219
12;Bibliography;224
13;Name Index;234
14;Subject Index;237