Gözen Ercan Turkish Foreign Policy

International Relations, Legality and Global Reach
1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-3-319-50451-3
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 364 Seiten

Reihe: Progress in Mathematics

Rich in its spatial scope, this edited collection provides an extensive and detailed overview of contemporary Turkish foreign policy. From the founding principles of foreign policy in the early republic to changing patterns during the second half of the 20th century, this text not only charts underexplored periods  in Turkish foreign policy history, but also offers a fresh analysis of recent events, with new challenges ever-emerging in this region. This  volume is essential reading for students, scholars and professionals of International Relations, foreign policy and international law who would like to study Turkish foreign policy.


Pinar Gözen Ercan is an assistant professor at the Department of International Relations of Hacettepe University, Turkey. She holds a BA and an MA in International Relations from Bilkent University, Turkey, and a PhD in International Studies from the University of Trento, Italy. Her research interests include humanitarian intervention, the Responsibility to Protect, human rights, international law and the law of the sea, theories of International Relations, and Greek-Turkish relations. Besides journal articles and book chapters, she is also the author of the books entitled Debating the Future of the 'Responsibility to Protect': The Evolution of a Moral Norm (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016), and The Territorial Sea Issue in Greek-Turkish Relations (VDM Verlag, 2009).

Autoren/Hrsg.

Gözen Ercan, Pinar

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Turkish Foreign Policy;4
1.1;Foreword;7
1.2;Preface and Acknowledgements;9
1.3;Contents;11
1.4;Contributors;14
1.5;List of Abbreviations;16
1.6;1 Introduction;20
1.6.1;References;33
2;Part I Aspects of Turkish Foreign Policy in Retrospect;34
2.1;2 Turkey’s Foreign Policies During the Interwar Period (1923–1939);35
2.1.1;The Legacy of the Long Nineteenth Century;39
2.1.1.1;A Short History;39
2.1.2;Warrior Diplomats between the Two World Wars;43
2.1.2.1;Multilateral Relations;43
2.1.3;Bilateral Relations;46
2.1.4;Economic Diplomacy;49
2.1.5;Conclusions;51
2.1.6;Note;53
2.1.7;References;53
2.2;3 Turkish Parliamentary Debates on the American War in Vietnam (1964–1971);57
2.2.1;Background: A New Era in Turkish Domestic and Foreign Policies;60
2.2.2;Korean War versus the Vietnam War;62
2.2.3;Official Policy on the Vietnam War;64
2.2.4;Parliamentary Debates on the Vietnam War;66
2.2.5;Conclusion;71
2.2.6;Notes;73
2.2.7;References;74
3;Part II At the Crossroad: Bilateral and Multilateral Relations of Turkey;78
3.1;4 Turkey-US Relations (2009–2016): A troubled partnership in a troubled world?;79
3.1.1;The Obama Period: From ‘Strategic Alliance’ to ‘Model Partnership’;82
3.1.2;2009–2013: New Vision, New Challenges;84
3.1.3;2013–2016: ‘Model Partnership’ in Trouble?;88
3.1.4;Conclusions;91
3.1.5;Notes;92
3.1.6;References;93
3.2;5 NATO-Turkey Relations: From Collective Defence to Collective Security;99
3.2.1;NATO and Turkey in the Cold War Era;101
3.2.1.1;The Atlantic Alliance: Military Aspect of a Broader Project;101
3.2.1.2;Turkey Joins NATO: Institutionalisation of the ‘Western’ Identity;103
3.2.2;NATO and Turkey in the Post–Cold War Era;105
3.2.2.1;Developing a New Role in the Post-Cold War: Words;106
3.2.2.2;Collective Security in Practice: Deeds;109
3.2.3;Conclusions;113
3.2.4;Notes;115
3.2.5;References;115
3.3;6 EU-Turkey Relations (1999–2016): Conditionality at Work?;120
3.3.1;Accession Partnership and the National Program: The ‘To-Do List’;123
3.3.1.1;Harmonisation Reforms: 2001–2004;126
3.3.1.1.1;Difficulties;127
3.3.1.2;After 2006: From Slowdown to De-Europeanisation?;129
3.3.2;The Refugee Crisis: A Bargaining Chip for Full Membership?;131
3.3.3;Conclusions;136
3.3.4;Notes;138
3.3.5;References;138
3.4;7 Reconsidering Turkey’s Balkan Ties: Opportunities and Limitations;143
3.4.1;A Changing International System and Changing Identities;144
3.4.2;Historical Background: The International Structure-National Identity Nexus;145
3.4.3;Regional Security Issues: Baby Steps towards Durable Peace;148
3.4.4;The Balkans and Turkey: Recent Developments;150
3.4.5;Limitations and Challenges;157
3.4.6;Conclusions;159
3.4.7;References;160
3.5;8 Russia-Turkey Relations (1991–2016): Diverging Interests and Compelling Realities;164
3.5.1;Grand Strategy: Roots and Definition;165
3.5.2;The ‘Near Abroad’ in Russian Foreign Policy;166
3.5.3;Regionalism and ‘Zero Problems with Neighbours’ in Turkish Foreign Policy;169
3.5.3.1;Collision 1: Pandora’s Box (Re)Opened in Chechnya;171
3.5.3.2;Collision 2: The Karabakh Imbroglio;173
3.5.3.3;Collision 3: Guns of August;175
3.5.3.4;Collision 4: The Ukrainian Stalemate;177
3.5.3.5;Collision 5: Syrian Intervention and Downing of the Su-24 Bomber;178
3.5.3.6;Economy as the Centripetal Force;179
3.5.4;Conclusion;181
3.5.5;Notes;182
3.5.6;References;182
3.6;9 The Role of Energy Security in Turkish Foreign Policy (2004–2016);186
3.6.1;Turkey’s Energy Security and Its Asymmetric Interdependence with Gas Suppliers;187
3.6.1.1;Turkey’s Pipeline Priorities;189
3.6.1.2;Challenges Regarding Energy Supplier Reliability;192
3.6.2;Regional Economic Interdependence and Turkey’s Energy Security: Ideational Forces and Material Interests;195
3.6.2.1;The Foreign Policy Elite’s Ideas;195
3.6.2.2;Shared Material Interests in the Domestic Energy Market;197
3.6.2.3;Shared Material Interests in Booming Exports to Energy-Rich Neighbours;199
3.6.3;Conclusion;201
3.6.4;Notes;201
3.6.5;References;204
3.7;10 The Roles Turkey Played in the Middle East (2002–2016);208
3.7.1;A Brief History of Turkey’s Foreign Policy towards the Middle East;209
3.7.2;Turkey’s Roles in the Pre-Arab Uprisings Period;211
3.7.2.1;Turkey as a Regional Collaborator;212
3.7.2.2;Turkey as a Mediator;216
3.7.2.3;Turkey as an EU Candidate;217
3.7.2.4;Reality Check: The Role Performance of Turkey in the Pre-Arab Uprisings Period;219
3.7.3;Arab Uprisings and ‘Precious Isolation’?;220
3.7.4;Conclusion;223
3.7.5;Notes;224
3.7.6;References;225
3.8;11 Turkey’s Foreign Policy towards Sub-Saharan Africa;229
3.8.1;Early Relations: The Ottoman and Republican Eras;230
3.8.2;The Post-1998 Period;234
3.8.2.1;The Diplomatic Component;235
3.8.2.2;The Political Component;236
3.8.2.3;The Economic Component;237
3.8.2.4;The Cultural Component;240
3.8.3;Conclusions;242
3.8.4;Notes;245
3.8.5;References;245
3.9;12 Latin America-Turkey Relations: Reaching Out to Distant Shores of the Western Hemisphere;248
3.9.1;Early Relations with Latin America;249
3.9.1.1;The Republic of Argentina;251
3.9.1.2;The Empire of Brazil;252
3.9.1.3;The Mexican Empire;253
3.9.1.4;The Republic of Chile;254
3.9.1.5;The Republic of Venezuela;254
3.9.1.6;Colonial Cuba;255
3.9.2;Relations in the Republican Era;256
3.9.2.1;From the Early Years to the End of Cold War;256
3.9.2.2;Relations in the Post–Cold War Era;258
3.9.2.3;The JDP’s ‘New’ Foreign Policy and Latin America;259
3.9.3;Conclusions;264
3.9.4;Notes;265
3.9.5;References;265
3.10;13 East Asia in Turkish Foreign Policy: Turkey as a ‘Global Power’?;270
3.10.1;East Asia in Turkish Foreign Policy: A Historical Overview;272
3.10.1.1;East Asia-Turkey Relations: from Ottoman Times to the Post–Cold War Era;272
3.10.1.1.1;Relations with Imperial Japan;272
3.10.1.1.2;Relations with the Republic of Korea;275
3.10.1.1.3;Relations with China;276
3.10.2;Turkey’s Global Strategy in the Early Twenty-First Century;276
3.10.2.1;Asia-Pacific in Turkey’s Global Strategy;279
3.10.2.1.1;Relations with Japan;279
3.10.2.1.2;Relations with the Republic of Korea;280
3.10.2.1.3;Relations with China;281
3.10.2.1.4;Relations with Southeast Asian Countries;283
3.10.3;Turkey: A ‘Global Power’ (To Be)?;284
3.10.4;Conclusion;285
3.10.5;Notes;286
3.10.6;References;287
4;Part III Between Politics and Law: Possibility of the ‘Impossible’?;290
4.1;14 Maritime Relations of Peninsular Turkey: Surrounded by Hostile or Peaceful Waters?;291
4.1.1;Turkey: A Participant Eschewed Signing the Final Act of UNCLOS;292
4.1.2;Turkey’s Maritime Boundary Relations in the Black Sea;294
4.1.2.1;The Russian Federation;295
4.1.2.2;Ukraine;297
4.1.2.3;Georgia;298
4.1.2.4;Bulgaria;298
4.1.3;Turkey’s Maritime Boundary Relations in the Mediterranean;299
4.1.3.1;Greece;300
4.1.3.2;Syria;301
4.1.3.3;Lebanon;302
4.1.3.4;Egypt;302
4.1.3.5;Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus;304
4.1.3.6;Recent Turkish State Practices on Its Continental Shelf;304
4.1.4;Conclusion;305
4.1.5;Notes;306
4.1.6;References;308
4.2;15 Aegean Sea Territorial Waters Issue;312
4.2.1;The ‘Lausanne Balance’ and the Aegean Sea;314
4.2.2;The Evolution of the Legal Regime of Territorial Waters;317
4.2.3;The Practice of a 12 nm Limit in the Aegean;318
4.2.3.1;Potential Consequences of Extension;320
4.2.3.2;A Legal View on the Dispute;322
4.2.4;Conclusions;323
4.2.5;Notes;326
4.2.6;References;328
4.3;16 The Cyprus Question: At an Impasse for Too Long;330
4.3.1;Cyprus in Security Council Resolutions: A Chronological Analysis;332
4.3.1.1;Phase 1: Internal Violence and the Consequent Military Operations;332
4.3.1.2;Phase 2: Declaration of the TRNC and Onwards;334
4.3.1.3;Phase 3: From No Solution Towards a Resolution?;339
4.3.2;Turkey, the Cyprus Question and the International Community: A Legal Interpretation;340
4.3.2.1;The ‘Peace Operation’ and Its Legal Implications;341
4.3.2.1.1;‘Non-Recognition’ of the TRNC;342
4.3.2.1.2;Greek Cypriots versus Turkey and RC’s Non-Recognition;343
4.3.3;Conclusion;346
4.3.4;Notes;347
4.3.5;References;348
5;Index;352