Gordon-Salant The Aging Auditory System

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-1-4419-0993-0
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 302 Seiten

This volume brings together noted scientists who study presbycusis from the perspective of complementary disciplines, for a review of the current state of knowledge on the aging auditory system. Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is one of the top three most common chronic health conditions affecting individuals aged 65 years and older. The high prevalence of age-related hearing loss compels audiologists, otolaryngologists, and auditory neuroscientists alike to understand the neural, genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder. A comprehensive understanding of these factors is needed so that effective prevention, intervention, and rehabilitative strategies can be developed to ameliorate the myriad of behavioral manifestations.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Gordon-Salant, Sandra

Inhaltsverzeichnis

2;1.pdf;13
2.1;Chapter 1;13
2.1.1;Introduction and Overview;13
2.1.1.1;1.1 Introduction;13
2.1.1.2;1.2 Overview;14
2.1.1.3;1.3 Future Research;19
2.1.2;References;20
3;2.pdf;21
3.1;Chapter 2;21
3.1.1;The Physiology of Cochlear Presbycusis;21
3.1.1.1;2.1 Introduction;21
3.1.1.2;2.2 Overview of Normal Mammalian Auditory Physiology;22
3.1.1.2.1;2.2.1 Cochlear Amplifier;22
3.1.1.2.2;2.2.2 Cochlear Power Supply;25
3.1.1.2.3;2.2.3 Cochlear Transduction;25
3.1.1.3;2.3 Schuknecht’s Four Types of Presbycusis;26
3.1.1.4;2.4 Sensory Presbycusis;27
3.1.1.5;2.5 Metabolic Presbycusis;29
3.1.1.5.1;2.5.1 Audiometric Data;29
3.1.1.5.2;2.5.2 Suprathreshold Data;35
3.1.1.5.2.1;2.5.2.1 Single Tones;35
3.1.1.5.2.2;2.5.2.2 Multiple Tones;37
3.1.1.6;2.6 Neural Presbycusis;37
3.1.1.7;2.7 Future Directions;40
3.1.1.7.1;2.7.1 Regeneration of Hair Cells;40
3.1.1.7.2;2.7.2 Current Injection for Metabolic Presbycusis;41
3.1.1.7.3;2.7.3 Cell Regeneration;41
3.1.1.8;2.8 Relating Animal Models to the Human Condition;43
3.1.1.9;2.9 Summary;46
3.1.2;References;46
4;3.pdf;51
4.1;Chapter 3;51
4.1.1;Cell Biology and Physiology of the Aging Central Auditory Pathway;51
4.1.1.1;3.1 Introduction;51
4.1.1.2;3.2 Cochlear Nucleus;51
4.1.1.2.1;3.2.1 Ion Channels;53
4.1.1.2.2;3.2.2 Glycine Receptors;54
4.1.1.2.3;3.2.3 Gaba;54
4.1.1.2.4;3.2.4 Glutamate Receptors;55
4.1.1.2.5;3.2.5 Calcium-Binding Proteins;55
4.1.1.2.6;3.2.6 Growth Factors;58
4.1.1.2.7;3.2.7 Growth-Associated Proteins;59
4.1.1.2.8;3.2.8 Mitochondrial DNA Mutations;59
4.1.1.2.9;3.2.9 Cochlear Nucleus Physiology;61
4.1.1.3;3.3 Superior Olivary Complex;64
4.1.1.3.1;3.3.1 Lso;64
4.1.1.3.2;3.3.2 Mntb;65
4.1.1.3.3;3.3.3 Olivocochlear Efferent Systems;66
4.1.1.3.4;3.3.4 SOC Physiology;69
4.1.1.4;3.4 Inferior Colliculus;69
4.1.1.4.1;3.4.1 Glutamate;70
4.1.1.4.2;3.4.2 Gaba;70
4.1.1.4.3;3.4.3 Metabolism;72
4.1.1.4.4;3.4.4 Inferior Colliculus Physiology;73
4.1.1.5;3.5 Auditory Cortex;77
4.1.1.5.1;3.5.1 Neurochemistry;79
4.1.1.5.2;3.5.2 Auditory Thalamus and Cortex Physiology;80
4.1.1.6;3.6 Summary and Conclusions;81
4.1.2;References;82
5;4.pdf;87
5.1;Chapter 4;87
5.1.1;Closing the Gap Between Neurobiology and Human Presbycusis: Behavioral and Evoked Potential Studies of Age-Related Hearing Lo;87
5.1.1.1;4.1 Introduction;87
5.1.1.1.1;4.1.1 Contributions of Animal Models to Understanding Human Presbycusis;87
5.1.1.1.2;4.1.2 Distinctions Between the Simple and the Complex in Signals and in Listening Environments;88
5.1.1.1.3;4.1.3 Chronological versus Biological Aging and Individual Differences in ARHL;90
5.1.1.2;4.2 Are There Different Types of Hearing Loss, Different in Origin and in their Effects?;92
5.1.1.2.1;4.2.1 The Psychophysical Question: Is ARHL Simply a Loss of Absolute Sensitivity?;92
5.1.1.2.2;4.2.2 Neurobiology: Might the Type of ARHL Differ According to the Site of the Pathology?;93
5.1.1.2.3;4.2.3 Peripheral Hearing Loss Can Alter Both the CANS and Central Auditory Processing;94
5.1.1.2.4;4.2.4 Experimental Manipulations at Different Sites Can Produce Different Types of Hearing Loss;95
5.1.1.2.4.1;4.2.4.1 Manipulating the Integrity of the Cochlea;95
5.1.1.2.4.2;4.2.4.2 Manipulating the Central Auditory Nervous System;96
5.1.1.3;4.3 Noninvasive Objective Methods for Studying ARHL in Animals and Humans;97
5.1.1.3.1;4.3.1 Introduction to the Methods;97
5.1.1.3.2;4.3.2 The Application of These Methods to the Study of ARHL;99
5.1.1.4;4.4 Peripheral Degeneration: A Major Source of ARHL in These Rodent Models;102
5.1.1.4.1;4.4.1 Cochlea Pathology and Its Relationship to Threshold Measures of ARHL;102
5.1.1.4.2;4.4.2 Suprathreshold Measures of ARHL;104
5.1.1.5;4.5 Central Processing Deficits: Temporal, Spectral, and Spatial Dimensions;106
5.1.1.5.1;4.5.1 Neurobiological Measures of Complex Processing;106
5.1.1.5.2;4.5.2 AEP Studies of Complex Auditory Processing;107
5.1.1.5.3;4.5.3 Behavioral Studies of Complex Auditory Processing;110
5.1.1.6;4.6 A Summary of Past Research and Its Implications for Moving Forward;114
5.1.2;References;117
6;5.pdf;123
6.1;Chapter 5;123
6.1.1;Behavioral Studies With Aging Humans: Hearing Sensitivity and Psychoacoustics;123
6.1.1.1;5.1 Introduction;123
6.1.1.1.1;5.1.1 Methodology;124
6.1.1.2;5.2 Basic Hearing Sensitivity;125
6.1.1.2.1;5.2.1 Cross-Sectional Epidemiologic Studies;125
6.1.1.2.2;5.2.2 Longitudinal Data;127
6.1.1.3;5.3 Frequency/Intensity Discrimination;130
6.1.1.4;5.4 Frequency Selectivity;132
6.1.1.4.1;5.4.1 Auditory Filtering;132
6.1.1.4.2;5.4.2 Suppression;133
6.1.1.5;5.5 Temporal Sensitivity: Simple Stimuli;135
6.1.1.5.1;5.5.1 Temporal Resolution;135
6.1.1.5.2;5.5.2 Duration Discrimination;138
6.1.1.6;5.6 Temporal Sensitivity: Complex Stimuli;140
6.1.1.7;5.7 Temporal Order Perception;141
6.1.1.8;5.8 Summary;142
6.1.2;References;143
7;6.pdf;147
7.1;Chapter 6;147
7.1.1;Binaural Processing and Auditory Asymmetries;147
7.1.1.1;6.1 Introduction;147
7.1.1.2;6.2 Perception of Auditory Space in the Free Field;149
7.1.1.2.1;6.2.1 Duplex Theory;149
7.1.1.2.2;6.2.2 Spectral Cues in Sound Localization;150
7.1.1.2.3;6.2.3 Effects of Age and Hearing Loss on Sound Localization;151
7.1.1.2.3.1;6.2.3.1 Horizontal Sound Localization;151
7.1.1.2.3.2;6.2.3.2 Vertical Sound Localization;153
7.1.1.2.4;6.2.4 Minimum Audible Angles;155
7.1.1.2.5;6.2.5 Distance Perception;156
7.1.1.3;6.3 Binaural Processing Under Headphones;156
7.1.1.3.1;6.3.1 ITDs;156
7.1.1.3.2;6.3.2 IIDs;158
7.1.1.3.3;6.3.3 Binaural Masking-Level Difference;159
7.1.1.4;6.4 Additional Temporal Aspects of Binaural Perception;161
7.1.1.4.1;6.4.1 Effects of Reverberation;161
7.1.1.4.2;6.4.2 Precedence Effect;164
7.1.1.4.3;6.4.3 Binaural Perception of Dynamic Stimuli;166
7.1.1.5;6.5 Perception of Masked Speech in the Free Field;167
7.1.1.6;6.6 Effects of Laterality;169
7.1.1.7;6.7 Practical Considerations;170
7.1.2;References;171
8;7.pdf;178
8.1;Chapter 7;178
8.1.1;Effects of Senescent Changes in Audition and Cognition on Spoken Language Comprehension;178
8.1.1.1;7.1 Introduction;178
8.1.1.2;7.2 An Integrated Approach to Investigating Spoken Language Comprehension;179
8.1.1.2.1;7.2.1 Levels of Processing;180
8.1.1.2.2;7.2.2 Executive Control;180
8.1.1.2.3;7.2.3 Limited Working Memory Resources;181
8.1.1.2.4;7.2.4 Speed of Processing;182
8.1.1.2.5;7.2.5 Evaluating How Age Affects the Comprehension of Spoken Language;182
8.1.1.3;7.3 The Effects of Age-Related Changes in Sensory Processes on the Comprehension of Spoken Language;183
8.1.1.3.1;7.3.1 Listening in Quiet;183
8.1.1.3.2;7.3.2 Listening in Noise;184
8.1.1.4;7.4 Effects of Age-Related Changes in More Central Auditory Processes on the Comprehension of Spoken Language;185
8.1.1.4.1;7.4.1 Effects of Age on Processing Capacity and Executive Control Over Auditory Processes;186
8.1.1.4.1.1;7.4.1.1 Age Differences in Channel Capacity;187
8.1.1.4.1.2;7.4.1.2 Age-Related Differences in Top-Down Control Over Auditory Gain;187
8.1.1.4.1.3;7.4.1.3 Age-Related Changes in Automatic Versus Controlled Processing;188
8.1.1.4.2;7.4.2 Effects of Age on Source Segregation;189
8.1.1.4.2.1;7.4.2.1 Source Segregation Based on Harmonic Structure;193
8.1.1.4.2.2;7.4.2.2 Source Segregation Based on Attentional Focus;193
8.1.1.4.2.3;7.4.2.3 Source Segregation Based on Spatial Separation;194
8.1.1.4.2.4;7.4.2.4 Source Segregation Based on Prior Knowledge;195
8.1.1.4.2.5;7.4.2.5 Source Segregation Based on Other Aspects of the Acoustic Scene;196
8.1.1.4.3;7.4.3 Effects of Age on Informational Masking;197
8.1.1.4.4;7.4.4 Tentative Conclusions Concerning Age-Related Changes in More Central Auditory Processes;199
8.1.1.5;7.5 Effects of Age-Related Changes in Cognitive Processes on Comprehension of Spoken Language;200
8.1.1.5.1;7.5.1 Working Memory;200
8.1.1.5.2;7.5.2 Inhibitory Control;200
8.1.1.5.3;7.5.3 Processing Speed;201
8.1.1.5.4;7.5.4 Tentative Conclusions Concerning Cognitive Mediators of Age-Related Changes in Spoken Language Comprehension;202
8.1.1.6;7.6 Auditory-Cognitive Interactions;202
8.1.1.7;7.7 Auditory-Cognitive Interactions in Different Populations;206
8.1.1.7.1;7.7.1 Interaction of Auditory and Cognitive Factors in Older Listeners With Hearing Loss;208
8.1.1.7.2;7.7.2 Interventions;208
8.1.1.7.2.1;7.7.2.1 Hearing Aids;209
8.1.1.7.2.2;7.7.2.2 The need for Comprehensive Rehabilitation;211
8.1.1.7.3;7.7.3 Interaction of Auditory and Cognitive Factors in Older Listeners with Cognitive Loss;211
8.1.1.7.3.1;7.7.3.1 Prevalence;211
8.1.1.7.3.2;7.7.3.2 Correlations Between Sensory and Cognitive Impairment in Population Studies;212
8.1.1.7.3.3;7.7.3.3 Intervention;213
8.1.1.8;7.8 Summary and Recommendations for Future Research;213
8.1.1.8.1;7.8.1 Summary;213
8.1.1.8.2;7.8.2 Recommendations for Future Research;214
8.1.2;References;214
9;8.pdf;222
9.1;Chapter 8;222
9.1.1;Factors Affecting Speech Understanding in Older Adults;222
9.1.1.1;8.1 Introduction;222
9.1.1.2;8.2 Peripheral, Central-Auditory, and Cognitive Factors;224
9.1.1.2.1;8.2.1 Peripheral Factors;225
9.1.1.2.1.1;8.2.1.1 Articulation Index Framework;225
9.1.1.2.1.2;8.2.1.2 Plomp’s Speech-Recognition Threshold Model;236
9.1.1.2.1.3;8.2.1.3 Simulated Hearing Loss;241
9.1.1.2.1.4;8.2.1.4 Factorial Combinations of Age and Hearing Status;242
9.1.1.2.1.5;8.2.1.5 Longitudinal Studies;244
9.1.1.2.1.6;8.2.1.6 Limitations of the Peripheral Explanation;246
9.1.1.2.2;8.2.2 Beyond Peripheral Factors;247
9.1.1.3;8.3 Amplification and Speech Understanding;251
9.1.1.4;8.4 Improving the SNR;258
9.1.1.5;8.5 Summary;261
9.1.2;References;261
10;9.pdf;269
10.1;Chapter 9;269
10.1.1;Epidemiology of Age-Related Hearing Impairment;269
10.1.1.1;9.1 Introduction;269
10.1.1.2;9.2 Classification/Definition of ARHL;270
10.1.1.3;9.3 Evaluating the Evidence for Causal Associations: Identifying Risk Factors;271
10.1.1.4;9.4 Descriptive Epidemiology;273
10.1.1.4.1;9.4.1 Prevalence;273
10.1.1.4.2;9.4.2 Incidence;273
10.1.1.4.3;9.4.3 Age, Gender, Ethnicity/Race, Geographic Location, and Temporal Trends;274
10.1.1.5;9.5 Risk Factors;276
10.1.1.5.1;9.5.1 Genetic Factors;276
10.1.1.5.2;9.5.2 Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors;277
10.1.1.5.3;9.5.3 Noise;278
10.1.1.5.4;9.5.4 Solvents and Other Environmental Chemical Exposures;278
10.1.1.5.5;9.5.5 Radiation and Medications;279
10.1.1.5.6;9.5.6 Vitamins B12 and D and Folate;280
10.1.1.6;9.6 Summary;280
10.1.2;References;281
11;10.pdf;285
11.1;Chapter 10;285
11.1.1;Interventions and Future Therapies: Lessons from Animal Models;285
11.1.1.1;10.1 Introduction;285
11.1.1.2;10.2 Contributions of Animal Models;287
11.1.1.3;10.3 Oxidative Imbalance: Target for Interventions;288
11.1.1.3.1;10.3.1 Oxidative Stress;288
11.1.1.3.2;10.3.2 Pharmacological Interventions;289
11.1.1.4;10.4 Dietary Restriction;291
11.1.1.5;10.5 Manipulation of Hearing-Loss Induced Central Plasticity;292
11.1.1.5.1;10.5.1 Functional Consequences;292
11.1.1.5.2;10.5.2 Diminished Inhibition;293
11.1.1.6;10.6 Treatment with an Augmented Acoustic Environment;294
11.1.1.6.1;10.6.1 Importance of Tonotopic Organization;294
11.1.1.6.2;10.6.2 Ameliorative Effects of AAE Treatment;295
11.1.1.6.3;10.6.3 Deleterious Effects of AAE Treatment;295
11.1.1.6.4;10.6.4 Summary of AAE Treatment;296
11.1.1.7;10.7 Gonadal Hormones;297
11.1.1.7.1;10.7.1 Estrogen;297
11.1.1.7.2;10.7.2 Androgen;297
11.1.1.7.3;10.7.3 Sex Hormones and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss;298
11.1.1.8;10.8 Summary and Outlook;298
11.1.2;References;299