Grampp Radiology of Osteoporosis

2. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-3-540-68604-0
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 244 Seiten

This second edition of "Radiology of Osteoporosis" has been fully updated so as to represent the current state of the art. It provides a comprehensive overview of osteoporosis, the pathologic conditions that give rise to osteoporosis, and the complications that are frequently encountered. After initial chapters devoted to pathophysiology, the presentation of osteoporosis on conventional radiographs is illustrated and discussed. Thereafter, detailed consideration is given to each of the measurement methods employed to evaluate osteoporosis, including dual x-ray absorptiometry, vertebral morphometry, spinal and peripheral quantitative computed tomography, quantitative ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. The role of densitometry in daily clinical practice is appraised. Finally, a collection of difficult cases involving pitfalls is presented, with guidance to their solution. The information contained in this volume will be invaluable to all with an interest in osteoporosis.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Grampp, Stephan

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;5
2;Preface;6
3;Contents;7
4;Introduction to Bone Development, Remodelling and Repair;9
4.1;1.1 Introduction;9
4.2;1.2 Structure, Cells and Matrix;10
4.3;1.3 Bone Development, Remodelling and Regeneration;13
4.4;1.4 Regulatory Mechanisms of Development and Function;16
4.5;1.5 Local and Systemic Regulation of Bone Remodelling;21
4.6;1.6 Discussion of Current Status and Perspectives;25
4.7;References;26
5;Pathophysiology and Aging of Bone;32
5.1;2.1 Aging of Bone;32
5.2;2.2 Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis;35
5.3;2.3 Pathophysiology of Metabolic Bone Diseases Other than Osteoporosis;41
5.4;2.4 Conclusion;43
5.5;References;43
6;Pathophysiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Disorders;50
6.1;3.1 Introduction;50
6.2;3.2 Epidemiology;51
6.3;3.3 Genetics;51
6.4;3.4 Etiology;52
6.5;3.5 Pathophysiology;52
6.6;3.6 Clinical Manifestations;54
6.7;3.7 Laboratory Findings ;56
6.8;3.8 Treatment;56
6.9;References;58
7;Therapeutic Approaches and Mechanisms of Drug Action;60
7.1;4.1 Principles of Therapy;60
7.2;4.2 Basic Therapeutic Measures;61
7.3;4.3 Antiresorptive Drugs;63
7.4;4.4 Drugs That Stimulate Bone Formation;67
7.5;4.4 Drugs With Dual Action on Bone Formation and Bone Resorption;71
7.6;References;71
8;Orthopedic Surgery;76
8.1;5.1 Introduction;76
8.2;5.2 Orthopedic Treatment of Osteoporosis;78
8.3;5.3 Orthopedic Surgery of Osteoporosis;80
8.4;5.4 Osteoporosis as a Complication;82
8.5;References;83
9;Radiology of Osteoporosis;84
9.1;6.1 Radiographic Findings in Osteopenia and Osteoporosis;84
9.2;6.2 Diseases Characterized by Generalized Osteopenia;88
9.3;6.3 Regional Osteoporosis;99
9.4;6.4 Quantifying Bone Mineral in Conventional Radiography;100
9.5;References;104
10;Dual- Energy X- Ray Absorptiometry;111
10.1;7.1 Introduction;111
10.2;7.2 Technical Aspects;112
10.3;7.3 Indications;118
10.4;7.4 Positioning, Artefacts, and Errors;118
10.5;7.5 Interpretation of Results;122
10.6;7.6 Applications;123
10.7;7.7 Peripheral DXA (pDXA);125
10.8;7.8 DXA in Children and Adjustments for Size Dependency;125
10.9;7.9 Conclusions;126
10.10;References;126
11;Vertebral Morphometry;131
11.1;8.1 Introduction;131
11.2;8.2 Visual Semiquantitative (SQ) Method;132
11.3;8.3 Vertebral Morphometry;133
11.4;8.4 Comparison Between MRX and MXA;135
11.5;8.5 Morphometric Vertebral Fractures;136
11.6;8.6 Comparison of Semiquantitative (SQ) Visual and Quantitative Morphometric Assessment of Vertebral Fractures;138
11.7;8.7 Instant Vertebral Assessment (IVA) by DXA;139
11.8;8.8 Conclusion;140
11.9;References;140
12;Spinal Quantitative Computed Tomography;143
12.1;9.1 Introduction;143
12.2;9.2 Technique;143
12.3;9.3 Interpretation of Data;145
12.4;9.4 Comparison with Other Techniques;147
12.5;9.5 Dual- Energy QCT;147
12.6;References;148
13;pQCT: Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography;149
13.1;10.1 Introduction;149
13.2;10.2 Bone Densitometry with pQCT;150
13.3;10.3 New Applications;159
13.4;10.4 Conclusions;164
13.5;References;164
14;Quantitative Ultrasound;169
14.1;11.1 Introduction;169
14.2;11.2 Basics of Ultrasound Transmission through Bone;170
14.3;11.3 Technology of QUS Approaches;170
14.4;11.4 Clinical Applications for QUS;176
14.5;11.5 Perspectives;177
14.6;References;178
15;Magnetic Resonance Imaging;180
15.1;12.2 High- Resolution MRI;180
15.2;12.1 Introduction;180
15.3;12.3 New Technical Developments;185
15.4;12.4 Structure Parameters;186
15.5;12.5 Other MR Based Techniques;187
15.6;12.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives;188
15.7;References;189
16;Structure Analysis Using High- Resolution Imaging Techniques;191
16.1;13.2 High- Resolution Imaging Techniques;191
16.2;13.1 Introduction;191
16.3;13.3 Structure Analysis Techniques;198
16.4;13.4 Conclusion and Future Developments;198
16.5;References;198
17;Densitometry in Clinical Practice;201
17.1;14.1 Introduction;201
17.2;14.2 Diagnosis and Prediction of Treatment Outcome;202
17.3;14.3 Choice of Technique;204
17.4;14.4 Conclusion;205
17.5;References;206
18;Practical Cases;208
18.1;Case 1;208
18.2;Case 2;209
18.3;Case 3;210
18.4;Case 4;212
18.5;Case 5;214
18.6;Case 6;215
18.7;Case 7;216
18.8;Case 8;217
18.9;Case 9;218
18.10;Case 10;220
18.11;Case 11;220
18.12;Case 12;222
18.13;Case 13;223
18.14;Case 14;224
18.15;Case 15;226
18.16;Case 16;227
18.17;Case 17;228
18.18;Case 18;230
18.19;Case 19;232
18.20;Case 20;234
18.21;Case 21;236
18.22;References;238
19;Subject Index;239
20;List of Contributors;244