Greenwald / Brock / Ostrom Psychological Foundations of Attitudes

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-5851-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 426 Seiten, Web PDF

Psychological Foundations of Attitudes presents various approaches and theories about attitudes. The book opens with a chapter on the development of attitude theory from 1930 to 1950. This is followed by separate chapters on the principles of the attitude-reinforcer-discriminative system; a systematic test of a learning theory analysis of interpersonal attraction; a 'spread of effect' in attitude formation; Hullian learning theory; and possible origins of learned attitudinal cognitions. Subsequent chapters deal with mechanisms through which attitudes can function as both independent and dependent variables in the attitude-behavior link; and the problem of how people go about applying a summary label to their attitudes and the reciprocal effects that rating has on the content of attitude. The final chapters discuss a commodity theory that relates selective social communication to value formation; the freedoms there are in regard to attitudes; attitude change occasioned by actions which are discrepant from one's previously existing attitudes or values; and the conflict-theory approach to attitude change.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Greenwald, Anthony G.

Brock, Timothy C.

Ostrom, Thomas M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Psychological
Foundations of
Attitudes;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;14
5;List of Contributors;6
6;Foreword;8
7;Preface;10
8;PART I: INTRODUCTION;18
8.1;Chapter 1. The Emergence of Attitude Theory: 1930-1950;20
8.1.1;CONTRIBUTORS TO ATTITUDE THEORY DEVELOPMENT;25
8.1.2;CONCLUDING COMMENTS;44
8.1.3;References;47
9;PART II: LEARNING-BEHAVIOR THEORY CONTRIBUTIONS TO ATTITUDE THEORY;52
9.1;Chapter 2. Social Behaviorism and Human Motivation: Principles of the Attitude-Reinforcer-Discriminative System;54
9.1.1;INTEGRATED LEARNING PRINCIPLES;56
9.1.2;INTEGRATED LEARNING PRINCIPLES AND HUMAN MOTIVATION THEORY;58
9.1.3;IMPLICATIONS, RESEARCH EXTENSIONS, AND APPLICATIONS;75
9.1.4;References;86
9.2;Chapter 3. A Learning Theory Approach to Interpersonal Attitudes;88
9.2.1;THE LEARNING OF POSITIVE INTERPERSONAL ATTITUDES;89
9.2.2;MEASURES OF LIKING;103
9.2.3;CONSEQUENCES OF LIKING;104
9.2.4;SUMMARY;108
9.2.5;References;108
9.3;Chapter 4. A "Spread of Effect" in Attitude Formation;110
9.3.1;RATIONALE AND HYPOTHESES;112
9.3.2;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE;113
9.3.3;EXPERIMENTAL DATA;115
9.3.4;GENERAL CONCLUSIONS;125
9.3.5;References;127
9.4;Chapter 5. An Extension of Hullian Learning Theory to Persuasive Communication;130
9.4.1;INTRODUCTION;130
9.4.2;INSTRUMENTAL LEARNING OF ATTITUDES;133
9.4.3;CLASSICAL CONDITIONING OF ATTITUDES;150
9.4.4;SUMMARY;161
9.4.5;References;162
9.5;Chapter 6. Cognitive Learning, Cognitive Response to Persuasion, and Attitude Change;168
9.5.1;COGNITIVE RESPONSES TO PERSUASION;170
9.5.2;STUDIES OF COGNITIVE LEARNING AND ATTITUDE CHANGE;173
9.5.3;CONCLUSION-COGNITIVE PROCESS, COGNITIVE LEARNING, AND ATTITUDE CHANGE;188
9.5.4;References;190
9.6;Chapter 7. Personality and Attitude Change: An Information-Processing Theory;192
9.6.1;THE NATURE OF A SYSTEMS THEORY;192
9.6.2;TWO EXPERIMENTS DESIGNED TO TEST THE SYSTEMS THEORY;208
9.6.3;References;216
9.7;Chapter 8. Attitudes as Self-Descriptions: Another Look at the Attitude-Behavior Link;218
9.7.1;ATTITUDES AS DESCRIPTIONS OF INTERNAL STATES;219
9.7.2;ATTITUDES AS DESCRIPTIONS OF BEHAVIOR;221
9.7.3;BEHAVIOR AS A FUNCTION OF ATTITUDES;228
9.7.4;References;235
10;PART III: COGNITIVE INTEGRATION THEORY CONTRIBUTIONS TO ATTITUDE THEORY;238
10.1;Chapter 9. Psychological Perspective and Attitude Change;240
10.1.1;A PERSPECTIVE MODEL FOR ATTITUDES;242
10.1.2;TESTS OF THE PERSPECTIVE MODEL;246
10.1.3;DISCUSSION;260
10.1.4;References;264
10.2;Chapter 10. Implications of Commodity Theory for Value Change;266
10.2.1;ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEM AREAS;267
10.2.2;COMMODITY THEORY;269
10.2.3;PUBLISHED EVIDENCE;275
10.2.4;SUMMARY OF UNPUBLISHED EVIDENCE;287
10.2.5;REVIEW AND EVALUATION;293
10.2.6;References;296
10.3;Chapter 11. Attitude Change from Threat to Attitudinal Freedom;300
10.3.1;WHAT FREEDOMS ARE THERE WITH REGARD TO ATTITUDES?;301
10.3.2;RELEVANT EVIDENCE;307
10.3.3;References;318
10.4;Chapter 12. Attitude Change through Discrepant Action: A Functional Analysis;320
10.4.1;A FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF DISCREPANT ACTION AND ATTITUDE CHANGE;320
10.4.2;A COMPARISON OF DISSONANCE AND FUNCTIONAL THEORY INTERPRETATIONS;326
10.4.3;A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF MORAL AND HEDONIC DILEMMAS ON ISSUE AND TASK ATTITUDES;335
10.4.4;MORAL AND HEDONIC DILEMMAS IN A PD GAME;342
10.4.5;References;347
10.5;Chapter 13. A Conflict-Theory Approach to Attitude Change and Decision Making;350
10.5.1;STAGES IN THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS;352
10.5.2;SOME IMPLICATIONS OF THE ANALYSIS OF STAGES;354
10.5.3;SOURCES OF DECISIONAL CONFLICT: THE BALANCE SHEET MODEL;358
10.5.4;COMMITMENT AND POSTDECISIONAL CONFLICT;369
10.5.5;THE CONTINUITY OF PRE- AND POSTDECISIONAL CONFLICTS;371
10.5.6;ALTERNATIVE MODES OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION;377
10.5.7;References;382
11;PART IV: CONCLUSIONS;384
11.1;Chapter 14. On Defining Attitude and Attitude Theory;386
11.1.1;ATTITUDE DEFINITION;386
11.1.2;A FRAMEWORK FOR THE THEORETICAL STUDY OF ATTITUDES;389
11.1.3;CONTRIBUTIONS TO ATTITUDE THEORY;394
11.1.4;SUMMARY;408
11.1.5;CONCLUSION;411
11.1.6;References;411
12;ADDENDUM TO CHAPTER 2 (P. 56);414
13;Author Index;416
14;Subject Index;423