Grzedzielski / Page Physics of the Outer Heliosphere

Proceedings of the 1st COSPAR Colloquium Held in Warsaw, Poland, 19-22 September 1989
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8753-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 1, 424 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Cospar

This is the first volume in the new COSPAR Colloquia series which will provide a forum for an in-depth discussion on selective topics of importance to the international community. The International Heliospheric Study (IHS) was initially approved by COSPAR in 1982 when it was anticipated that the study would centre on the ESA/NASA Ulysses spacecraft. This mission was delayed until October 1990, but it was decided to commence the study in 1986 in order to exploit the existence of the Pioneer 10 and 11 and the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft in the outer heliosphere. The primary purpose of Physics of the Outer Heliosphere is to study the three-dimensional structure of the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field carried by it, the propagation of energetic solar particles throughout the heliosphere and the modulation of galactic cosmic rays by the heliosphere. This volume provides information for scientists interested in spectroscopic studies of the local interstellar medium, galactic and solar cosmic ray populations in the outer heliosphere and also plasma and magnetic field aspects of the distant solar wind.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Grzedzielski, S.

Page, D. E.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Physics of the Outer Heliosphere;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;CHAPTER 1. THE INTERNATIONAL HELIOSPHERIC STUDY AND THE FIRST COSPAR COLLOQUIUM —
PREFACE;16
6;PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS;18
7;Opening Session;20
7.1;CHAPTER 2. INTRODUCTORY LECTURE — THE HELIOSPHERE;22
7.1.1;ABSTRACT;22
7.1.2;INTRODUCTION;22
7.1.3;THE FIRST PHASE OF STUDIES OF THE HELIOSPHERE;23
7.1.4;THE SECOND PHASE: THE NEUTRAL INTERSTELLAR GAS;25
7.1.5;THE THIRD PHASE: BACK TO COSMIC RAYS;27
7.1.6;CONCLUSIONS;27
7.1.7;REFERENCES;28
8;Session I: Spectroscopic Data on the Local Interstellar Medium and the Related XUV Radiation Background;32
8.1;CHAPTER 3. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM;34
8.1.1;ABSTRACT;34
8.1.2;INTRODUCTION;34
8.1.3;BACKGROUND;34
8.1.4;DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE;35
8.1.5;CLOUD EQUILIBRIUM AND SCALES;37
8.1.6;MAGNETIC FIELD;38
8.1.7;NEARBY ISM VELOCITY FIELD;40
8.1.8;CONCLUSION;41
8.1.9;APPENDIX: BASIC INFORMATION;41
8.1.10;REFERENCES;42
8.2;CHAPTER 4. A NEW OBSERVATIONAL APPROACH TO INVESTIGATE THE HELIOSPHERIC INTERSTELLAR WIND INTERFACE: THE STUDY OF EXTREME AND FAR ULTRAVIOLET RESONANTLY SCATTERED SOLAR RADIATION FROM NEON, OXYGEN, CARBON AND NITROGEN;44
8.2.1;ABSTRACT;44
8.2.2;INTRODUCTION;44
8.2.3;OVERVIEW OF THE APPROACH;45
8.2.4;THE CURRENT STATUS OF MEASUREMENTS OF THE FAR AND EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET BACKGROUND;46
8.2.5;PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE MISSIONS;47
8.2.6;SUMMARY;50
8.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;50
8.2.8;REFERENCES;50
8.3;CHAPTER 5. VELOCITY STRUCTURE OF THE LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM;52
8.3.1;ABSTRACT;52
8.3.2;INTRODUCTION;52
8.3.3;GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS;53
8.3.4;KINEMATIC STUDY OF THE NEARBY CLOUDS;55
8.3.5;PERSPECTIVES AND DISCUSSION;56
8.3.6;References;57
8.4;CHAPTER 6. A STUDY OF THE LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MATTER FLOW IN THE (IMMEDIATE) SOLAR NEIGHBOURHOOD;58
8.4.1;ABSTRACT;58
8.4.2;INTRODUCTION;58
8.4.3;DATA
AND CALCULATIONS;58
8.4.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;58
8.4.5;CONCLUSIONS;61
8.4.6;REFERENCES;61
9;Session II: Solar UV Backscatter on Neutral Galactic Gases;62
9.1;CHAPTER 7. SCATTERING OF SOLAR UV ON LOCAL NEUTRAL GASES;64
9.1.1;ABSTRACT;64
9.1.2;GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OBSERVATIONS;64
9.1.3;INTERSTELLAR VELOCITY
AND TEMPERATURE;67
9.1.4;SOLAR PARAMETERS DETERMINATION;70
9.1.5;INTERSTELLAR DENSITIES;73
9.1.6;CONCLUSIONS;73
9.1.7;References;74
9.2;CHAPTER 8. MODEL PREDICTIONS AND REMOTE OBSERVATIONS OF THE HYDROGEN DENSITY PROFILE IN THE DISTANT HELIOSPHERE;76
9.2.1;ABSTRACT;76
9.2.2;INTRODUCTION;76
9.2.3;MODEL PREDICTIONS;76
9.2.4;REMOTE OBSERVATIONS;77
9.2.5;CONCLUSIONS;79
9.2.6;REFERENCES;79
9.3;CHAPTER 9. COMPARISON OF Ly-a AND Ly-ß INTERPLANETARY GLOWS OBSERVED BY THE VOYAGER ULTRA-VIOLET SPECTROMETER;80
9.3.1;ABSTRACT;80
9.3.2;INTRODUCTION;80
9.3.3;REDUCTION OF DATA;81
9.3.4;DISCUSSION;83
9.3.5;CONCLUSION;86
9.3.6;REFERENCES;87
9.4;CHAPTER 10. LYMAN-ALPHA OBSERVATIONS FROM VOYAGER (1–18
AU);88
9.4.1;ABSTRACT;88
9.4.2;INTRODUCTION;88
9.4.3;DATA;89
9.4.4;MODEL;89
9.4.5;COMPARISON DATA-TO-MODEL FOR FIXED DIRECTIONS OF SIGHT;90
9.4.6;ROLL MANEUVERS;92
9.4.7;CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION;95
9.4.8;References;96
9.5;CHAPTER 11. NEW CHANNEL FOR THE PHOTOIONIZATION OF HYDROGEN ATOMS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM;98
9.5.1;ABSTRACT;98
9.5.2;INTRODUCTION;98
9.5.3;EXCITATION TO METASTABLE STATE;98
9.5.4;FATE OF METASTABLE ATOM;99
9.5.5;PHOTOIONIZATION RATE AND DISCUSSION;100
9.5.6;REFERENCES;101
9.6;CHAPTER 12. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TIME-DEPENDENT DENSITY FLUCTUATIONS IN THE INTERPLANETARY NEUTRAL GAS DISTRIBUTION BY MEANS OF FOURIER TRANSFORMS;102
9.6.1;VI.
REFERENCES;106
9.7;CHAPTER 13. THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS OF THE GLOBAL ZODIACAL DUST CLOUD — A BIMODAL MODEL OF THE SOLAR DUST HELIOSPHERE;108
9.7.1;ABSTRACT;108
9.7.2;INTRODUCTION;108
9.7.3;COMPATIBILITY OF MODELS WITH OPTICAL AND INFRARED OBSERVATIONS;108
9.7.4;DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF THE DUST CLOUD;109
9.7.5;ASPECTS OF DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS;109
9.7.6;LONG PERIOD COMETS A SOURCE OF THE ISOTROPIC COMPONENT;109
9.7.7;PROPERTIES OF THE ISOTROPIC COMPONENT IN THE OPTICAL AND INFRARED RANGE;109
9.7.8;FIRST ESTIMATE FOR THE RESULTING BRIGHTNESS CONTRIBUTION;109
9.7.9;SUMMARY;110
9.7.10;REFERENCES;110
9.8;CHAPTER 14. ON THE POSSIBILITY OF DETECTION OF SMALL COMETS IN Ly-a;112
9.8.1;ABSTRACT;112
9.8.2;INTRODUCTION;112
9.8.3;SUBLIMATION RATE;112
9.8.4;HYDROGEN CLOUD AND Ly-a SCATTERING;113
9.8.5;STATISTICS OF COMETS;114
9.8.6;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;115
9.8.7;REFERENCES;115
9.9;CHAPTER 15. A LOWER LIMIT ON THE IONIZATION FRACTION
OF THE VERY LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM;116
9.9.1;ABSTRACT;116
9.9.2;INTRODUCTION;116
9.9.3;A HIGH IONIZATION FRACTION IN THE VLISM?;117
9.9.4;REFERENCES;119
10;Session III: Entry and Dynamics of Galactic and Anomalous Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere;120
10.1;CHAPTER 16. COSMIC RAYS IN THE LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM;122
10.1.1;ABSTRACT;122
10.1.2;INTRODUCTION;122
10.1.3;THE HELIOSPHERE AS SEEN BY COSMIC RAYS;122
10.1.4;SOLAR MODULATION: BASIC OBSERVATIONS;123
10.1.5;SOLAR MODULATION: PROCESS AND MODELS;125
10.1.6;LIMITS ON THE INTERSTELLAR COSMIC RAY SPECTRUM;126
10.1.7;ANOMALOUS COMPONENTS AT THE BOUNDARY;129
10.1.8;PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE;131
10.1.9;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;131
10.1.10;REFERENCES;131
10.2;CHAPTER 17. DIFFUSION, DRIFTS, AND MODULATION OF GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS IN THE HELIOSPHERE;134
10.2.1;ABSTRACT;134
10.2.2;INTRODUCTION;134
10.2.3;TRANSPORT-EQUATION;134
10.2.4;NEW MODEL-CALCULATIONS;141
10.2.5;MODULATION BEYOND THE TERMINATION SHOCK;143
10.2.6;SUMMARY;144
10.2.7;REFERENCES;145
10.3;CHAPTER 18. NEUTRON MONITOR INVESTIGATIONS RELATING MODULATED COSMIC RAY SPECTRA WITH HELIOSPHERIC MAGNETIC FIELD POLARITY REVERSALS;148
10.3.1;ABSTRACT;148
10.3.2;INTRODUCTION;148
10.3.3;ANALYSIS OF THE NEUTRON MONITOR MEASUREMENTS;149
10.3.4;INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION;152
10.3.5;REFERENCES;153
10.4;CHAPTER 19. THE PREDICTIONS OF A TIME-DEPENDENT DRIFT MODEL COMPARED WITH COSMIC-RAY INTENSITY OBSERVATIONS FROM 1976 to 1989;154
10.4.1;ABSTRACT;154
10.4.2;INTRODUCTION;154
10.4.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;155
10.4.4;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;156
10.4.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;157
10.4.6;REFERENCES;157
10.5;CHAPTER 20. A TIME-DEPENDENT DRIFT MODEL WITH A SIMULATED WAVY NEUTRAL SHEET FOR THE SOLAR MODULATION OF COSMIC RAYS;158
10.5.1;ABSTRACT;158
10.5.2;INTRODUCTION;158
10.5.3;THE MODEL;158
10.5.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;159
10.5.5;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;161
10.5.6;REFERENCES;161
10.6;CHAPTER 21. SOLAR EFFECTS ON UNDERGROUND MUONS AT 570 hg/cm2;162
10.6.1;ABSTRACT;162
10.6.2;INTRODUCTION;162
10.6.3;PRIMARY RIGIDITY RANGE;162
10.6.4;SOLAR TIME VARIATIONS;163
10.6.5;11-YEAR CYCLE;164
10.6.6;FRACTAL AND SPECTRAL PROPERTIES;164
10.6.7;REFERENCES;166
10.7;CHAPTER 22. THE ADDITIONAL FLUXES OF COSMIC RAYS IN THE STRATOSPHERE IN THE VARIOUS HALF-PERIODS OF THE 22-YEAR SOLAR MAGNETIC CYCLE;168
10.7.1;ABSTRACT;168
10.7.2;INTRODUCTION;168
10.7.3;STRATOSPHERIC COSMIC RAY MEASUREMENTS;169
10.7.4;CORRELATION BETWEEN THE INTENSITIES IN THE UPPER AND MIDDLE STRATOSPHERE;169
10.7.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;170
10.7.6;REFERENCES;171
10.8;CHAPTER 23. ION ACCELERATION TO COSMIC RAY ENERGIES;172
10.8.1;ABSTRACT;172
10.8.2;INTRODUCTION;172
10.8.3;ACCELERATION AT THE TERMINATION SHOCK: WEBB, FORMAN AND AXFORD;175
10.8.4;ACCELERATION BY TURBULENCE IN THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE;179
10.8.5;CONCLUSIONS;180
10.8.6;REFERENCES;180
10.9;CHAPTER 24. THE ANOMALOUS COMPONENT OF COSMIC RAYS;184
10.9.1;ABSTRACT;184
10.9.2;INTRODUCTION;184
10.9.3;TRANSPORT THEORY;185
10.9.4;HELIOSPHERIC CONFIGURATION;186
10.9.5;SIMULATION RESULTS;188
10.9.6;THE ENERGY DENSITY OF THE ANOMALOUS COMPONENT;191
10.9.7;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;192
10.9.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;192
10.9.9;REFERENCES;192
10.10;CHAPTER 25. EFFECT OF SMALL AND LARGE SCALE LENGTH PERTURBATIONS ON PARTICLE DRIFTS;194
10.10.1;ABSTRACT;194
10.10.2;INTRODUCTION;194
10.10.3;DIFFUSIVE EFFECTS;194
10.10.4;COHERENT EFFECTS;195
10.10.5;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;196
10.10.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;197
10.10.7;REFERENCES;197
10.11;CHAPTER 26. CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE FORBUSH DECREASES ASSOCIATED WITH INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC CLOUDS;198
10.11.1;ABSTRACT;198
10.11.2;INTRODUCTION;198
10.11.3;REFERENCES;201
10.12;CHAPTER 27. COSMIC RAY, ENERGETIC ION AND MAGNETIC FIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF MAGNETIC CLOUDS;202
10.12.1;ABSTRACT;202
10.12.2;INTRODUCTION;202
10.12.3;GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FORBUSH DECREASES;203
10.12.4;THE FEBRUARY 11-12 1982 EVENT;203
10.12.5;REFERENCES;204
10.13;CHAPTER 28. NONLINEAR EFFECTS OF COSMIC RAY INTERACTION WITH SOLAR WIND IN THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE;206
10.13.1;ABSTRACT;206
10.13.2;INTRODUCTION;206
10.13.3;FORMULATION OF PROBLEM AND INVESTIGATION OF EQUATIONS SET;206
10.13.4;TRANSITION FROM SUPERSONIC SOLAR WIND FLOW TO SUBSONIC FLOW;207
10.13.5;DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS AND CONCLUSION;208
10.13.6;REFERENCES;208
10.14;CHAPTER 29. EVOLUTION OF THE IDEAS ABOUT THE HELIOSPHERE AND COSMIC RAY MODULATION IN INTERPLANETARY SPACE;210
10.14.1;ABSTRACT;210
10.14.2;THE FIRST INVESTIGATIONS OF COSMIC RAY MODULATION IN INTERPLANETARY SPACE;210
10.14.3;MODEL FOR THE SUN'S GENERAL MAGNETIC FIELD OF DIPOLAR CHARACTER;210
10.14.4;MODEL FOR COSMIC RAY PARTICLE DIFFUSION WITHOUT CONVECTION;211
10.14.5;MODEL FOR ISOTROPIC DIFFUSION IN HELIOSPHERE INCLUDING CONVECTION BY SOLAR WIND;211
10.14.6;MODEL FOR ANISOTROPIC DIFFUSION INCLUDING CONVECTION AND ENERGY CHANGE, DRIFT EFFECTS AND INVERSE OF GENERAL SOLAR MAGNETIC FIELD;211
10.14.7;POSSIBLE BUFFER REGION BETWEEN SUPERSONIC SOLAR WIND AND INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM;211
10.14.8;MODEL FOR RECONNECTION BETWEEN MAGNETIC FORCE OF SOLAR WIND AND INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM NEAR SOLAR SYSTEM;212
10.14.9;MODELS FOR NONLINEAR EFFECTS IN THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE;212
10.14.10;CONCLUSION;212
10.14.11;REFERENCES;212
10.15;CHAPTER 30. THE LONG TERM COSMIC RAY VARIATION RELEVANT TO SOLAR WIND STRUCTURE IN THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE;214
10.15.1;ABSTRACT;214
10.15.2;INTRODUCTION;214
10.15.3;METHOD AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA;214
10.15.4;THE INTERPRETATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA;216
10.15.5;THE THEORETICAL MODEL;217
10.15.6;SUMMARY;218
10.15.7;REFERENCES;218
10.16;CHAPTER 31. OUTER HELIOSPHERE: EIGEN PULSATIONS, COSMIC RAYS AND STREAM KINETIC INSTABILITY;220
10.16.1;ABSTRACT;220
10.16.2;INTRODUCTION;220
10.16.3;EIGEN PULSATIONS IN THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE;220
10.16.4;SEARCH OF HELIOSPHERE EIGEN PULSATIONS BY COSMIC RAYS;221
10.16.5;STREAM KINETIC INSTABILITY OF GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS IN THE HELIOSPHERE (SELF-CONSISTENT PROBLEM);221
10.16.6;CONCLUSION;224
10.16.7;REFERENCES;224
10.17;CHAPTER 32. OUTER HELIOSPHERE AS A MANY-COMPONENT MEDIUM FOR COSMIC RAY PROPAGATION;226
10.17.1;ABSTRACT AND INTRODUCTION;226
10.17.2;TWO-COMPONENT MODEL FOR COSMIC RAY PROPAGATION IN THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE;226
10.17.3;COSMIS RAY PARTICLES CHANGE ENERGY IN HELIOSPHERE;227
10.17.4;THE POSSIBILITY OF SHOCK TYPE ACCELERATION WITHOUT SHOCK WAVE;227
10.17.5;MANY-COMPONENT MODEL FOR COSMIC RAY PROPAGATION IN THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE AND NONLINEAR EFFECTS;227
10.17.6;REFERENCES;228
10.18;CHAPTER 33. ON THE PROPAGATION VELOCITY OF COSMIC RAY MODULATION WAVE IN THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE;230
10.18.1;ABSTRACT;230
10.18.2;INTRODUCTION;230
10.18.3;PROPAGATION OF HARMONIC MODULATION WAVE IN THE
CASE;230
10.18.4;VELOCITY PROPAGATION OF NOT HARMONICALLY MODULATION WAVE;231
10.18.5;NUMERICALLY CALCULATIONS OF COSMIC RAY MODULATION WAVE PROPAGATION;231
10.18.6;COMPARISON WITH OBSERVATIONS;232
10.18.7;CONCLUSION;232
10.18.8;REFERENCES;232
10.19;CHAPTER 34. COSMIC RAYS AND MAGNETOSONIC INSTABILITIES OF SOLAR WIND FLOW NEAR THE HELIOSPHERIC SHOCK WAVE;234
10.19.1;ABSTRACT;234
10.19.2;INTRODUCTION;234
10.19.3;THE PROPERTIES OF UNSTABLE WAVES;234
10.19.4;THE CONNECTION WITH THE ANOMALOUS COMPONENT;235
10.19.5;SUMMARY;236
10.19.6;REFERENCES;236
10.20;CHAPTER 35. A SIMPLE METHOD FOR NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ENERGETIC PARTICLE TRANSPORT IN WEAKLY INHOMOGENEOUS MAGNETIC FIELDS;238
10.20.1;ABSTRACT;238
10.20.2;INTRODUCTION;238
10.20.3;A METHOD OF SIMULATION OF PARTICLE TRANSPORT IN WEAKLY DISTURBED MAGNETIC FIELDS;238
10.20.4;FINAL REMARKS;241
10.20.5;REFERENCES;241
11;Session IV: Distant Solar Wind
Plasma, Magnetic Field and Solar Energetic Particles;242
11.1;CHAPTER 36. PLASMA OBSERVATIONS IN THE DISTANT HELIOSPHERE: A VIEW FROM VOYAGER;244
11.1.1;ABSTRACT;244
11.1.2;INTRODUCTION;244
11.1.3;OBSERVATIONS;245
11.1.4;DISCUSSION;247
11.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;248
11.1.6;REFERENCES;249
11.2;CHAPTER 37. DISTANT SOLAR WIND PLASMA — VIEW FROM THE PIONEERS;250
11.2.1;ABSTRACT;250
11.2.2;INTRODUCTION;250
11.2.3;VARIATION OF THE SOLAR WIND WITH HELIOCENTRIC DISTANCE.;250
11.2.4;CHANGES IN GLOBAL HELIOSPHERIC MORPHOLOGY NEAR SUNSPOT MINIMUM;250
11.2.5;CORONAL CHANGES AND THE GLOBAL HELIOSPHERE NEAR SUNSPOT MINIMUM;253
11.2.6;REFERENCES;254
11.3;CHAPTER 38. SHOCK HEATING OF THE SOLAR WIND PLASMA;256
11.3.1;ABSTRACT;256
11.3.2;RADIAL INCREASE IN THE ENTROPY OF THE SOLAR WIND PLASMA;256
11.3.3;SHOCKS OBSERVED IN 1973-1982;257
11.3.4;MHD SIMULATION FOR SHOCK HEATING OF THE SOLAR WIND;258
11.3.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;259
11.3.6;REFERENCES;259
11.4;CHAPTER 39. RADIAL EVOLUTION OF INTERACTION REGIONS;260
11.4.1;ABSTRACT;260
11.4.2;COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS;260
11.4.3;COALESCENCE OF INTERACTION REGIONS BELONGING TO SUCCESSIVE SOLAR ROTATIONS;262
11.4.4;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;263
11.4.5;REFERENCES;263
11.5;CHAPTER 40. NONLINEAR SURFACE WAVE PROPAGATION ON HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET;264
11.5.1;ABSTRACT;264
11.5.2;INTRODUCTION;264
11.5.3;DERIVATION OP THE EQUATION POR NONLINEAR WAVES;266
11.5.4;THE RESULTS OF NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS;267
11.5.5;REFERENCES;267
11.6;CHAPTER 41. MAGNETIC FIELDS IN THE HELIOSPHERE: PIONEER OBSERVATIONS;268
11.6.1;ABSTRACT;268
11.6.2;INTRODUCTION;268
11.6.3;RESULTS;268
11.6.4;SUMMARY;277
11.6.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;278
11.6.6;REFERENCES;278
11.7;CHAPTER 42. RADIO NOISE IN THE HELIOSPHERIC CAVITY;282
11.7.1;ABSTRACT;282
11.7.2;INTRODUCTION;282
11.7.3;OBSERVATIONS OF THE LOW FREQUENCY INTERPLANETARY RADIO EMISSIONS;282
11.7.4;OTHER POSSIBLE SOURCES FOR THE RADIO EMISSIONS;287
11.7.5;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;288
11.7.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;289
11.7.7;REFERENCES;289
11.8;CHAPTER 43. SOLAR WIND VORTEX FLOW IN THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE;292
11.8.1;ABSTRACT;292
11.8.2;REFERENCES;294
11.9;CHAPTER 44. TRAPPED RADIATION IN THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE;296
11.9.1;ABSTRACT;296
11.9.2;INTRODUCTION;296
11.9.3;METHOD;296
11.9.4;THE FREQUENCY DRIFT;296
11.9.5;DRIFT RATE IN THE MODEL HELIOSPHERE;297
11.9.6;CONFINEMENT;298
11.9.7;CONCLUSIONS;299
11.9.8;REFERENCES;299
12;Session V: Interaction of Solar Wind with the Interstellar Medium;300
12.1;CHAPTER 45. INTERACTION OF THE SOLAR WIND WITH THE EXTERNAL PLASMA;302
12.1.1;ABSTRACT;302
12.1.2;INTRODUCTION;302
12.1.3;THE SOLAR WIND INTERACTION WITH THE SUPERSONIC
INTERSTEL-LAR WIND;303
12.1.4;IMPROVEMENT OP THE SELF-CONSISTENT GASDYNAMIC MODEL;307
12.1.5;SOME PROBLEMS OF
FUTURE;311
12.1.6;REFERENCES;312
12.2;CHAPTER 46. SIGNATURE OF A VISCOUS INTERACTION AT THE HELIOPAUSE;314
12.2.1;ABSTRACT;314
12.2.2;INTRODUCTION;314
12.2.3;VENUS;315
12.2.4;COMETS;316
12.2.5;MARS;318
12.2.6;VISCOUS FLOW AT THE HELIOPAUSE;318
12.2.7;REFERENCES;320
12.3;CHAPTER 47. ON USING THE ACR TO PROBE THE LISM/HELIOSPHERE INTERFACE;322
12.3.1;ABSTRACT;322
12.3.2;1. INTRODUCTION;322
12.3.3;2. THE 1-D MODEL CALCULATION;322
12.3.4;3.
THE ACR ENERGY SPECTRA;324
12.3.5;4 .
Location of the Solar Wind Termination Shock;324
12.3.6;5. Discussion;325
12.3.7;Acknowledgment;325
12.3.8;References;326
12.4;CHAPTER 48. MHD SOLAR WIND–INTERSTELLAR PLASMA INTERACTION: 3D FORMULATION BY THE PROJECTED CHARACTERISTICS METHOD AND THE STABILITY ANALYSIS;328
12.4.1;ABSTRACT;328
12.4.2;INTRODUCTION;328
12.4.3;BASIC EQUATIONS;328
12.4.4;REFERENCES;331
12.5;CHAPTER 49. THE INTERACTIONS OF THE SOLAR WIND DISCONTINUITIES IN THE VICINITY OF THE HELIOPAUSE;332
12.5.1;ABSTRACT;332
12.5.2;INTRODUCTION;332
12.5.3;THE ANALYSIS;332
12.5.4;THE MAIN RESULTS;334
12.5.5;REFERENCES;335
12.6;CHAPTER 50. NUMERICAL STUDY OF COLLIDING ASTROSPHERICAL STELLAR WIND FLOWS IN BINARY SYSTEMS;336
12.6.1;ABSTRACT;336
12.6.2;INTRODUCTION;336
12.6.3;PRESSURE EQUILIBRIUM MODELS
(PEMs);337
12.6.4;NUMERICAL GAS DYNAMICS;337
12.6.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;338
12.6.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;339
12.6.7;REFERENCES;339
12.7;CHAPTER 51. FILTRATION OF THE INTERSTELLAR NEUTRALS AT THE HELIOSPHERIC INTERFACE AND THEIR COUPLING TO THE SOLAR WIND;342
12.7.1;ABSTRACT;342
12.7.2;I.
PENETRATION OF LISM NEUTRALS INTO THE HELIOSPHERE;342
12.7.3;II. NEUTRAL HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN PRESENCE IN THE
HELIOSPHERE;345
12.7.4;III. INTERSTELLAR NEUTRALS IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND THE ORIGIN OF
THE ANOMALOUS COSMIC RAY COMPONENT;348
12.7.5;REFERENCES;357
12.8;CHAPTER 52. THE INTERACTION OF INTERSTELLAR PICK-UP IONS WITH THE SOLAR WIND — PROBING THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM BY IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS;360
12.8.1;ABSTRACT;360
12.8.2;INTRODUCTION;360
12.8.3;OUTSTANDING PROBLEMS OF THE LISM-HELIOSPHERE INTERACTION;360
12.8.4;METHODS TO STUDY THE LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM;361
12.8.5;RESULTS OBTAINED WITH PICK-UP IONS;363
12.8.6;FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;366
12.8.7;CONCLUSIONS;368
12.8.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;368
12.8.9;REFERENCES;368
12.9;CHAPTER 53. NEUTRAL SOLAR WIND EXPERIMENT;370
12.9.1;INTRODUCTION;370
12.9.2;THE NSW EXPERIMENT;370
12.9.3;INSTRUMENT FOR NSW DETECTION;371
12.9.4;ENERGETIC NEUTRALS FROM THE HELIOSPHERIC INTERFACE;372
12.9.5;EXPECTED SCIENTIFIC RETURN;372
12.9.6;REFERENCES;373
12.10;CHAPTER 54. AN INVERSE METHOD OF DETERMINATION OF THE INTERSTELLAR NEUTRAL GAS DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION;374
12.10.1;ABSTRACT;374
12.10.2;INTRODUCTION;374
12.10.3;SET - UP OF THE EXPERIMENT;374
12.10.4;FORWARD PROBLEM;375
12.10.5;INVERSE PROBLEM;376
12.10.6;RESULTS;377
12.10.7;REFERENCES;377
12.11;CHAPTER 55. LISM-HELIOSPHERE INTERACTION MEDIATED BY SUPRATHERMAL PARTICLES;378
12.11.1;ABSTRACT;378
12.11.2;INTRODUCTION;378
12.11.3;THE SOLAR WIND;378
12.11.4;THE LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM;380
12.11.5;SUMMARY;381
12.11.6;REFERENCES;381
12.12;CHAPTER 56. EXPECTED BEAMS OF ENERGETIC NEUTRAL ATOMS IN THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE;382
12.12.1;ABSTRACT;382
12.12.2;THEORETICAL APPROACH;382
12.12.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;383
12.12.4;REFERENCES;385
13;Special Session Deep Space Missions;386
13.1;CHAPTER 57. PIONEERS 10 AND 11 DEEP SPACE MISSIONS;388
13.1.1;ABSTRACT;388
13.1.2;GENERAL MISSION DESCRIPTION;388
13.1.3;SYNOPSIS OF SCIENTIFIC RESULTS;394
13.1.4;REFERENCES;397
13.2;CHAPTER 58. ULYSSES: A STATUS REPORT;398
13.2.1;ABSTRACT;398
13.2.2;INTRODUCTION;398
13.2.3;SCIENTIFIC GOALS AND INSTRUMENTATION;398
13.2.4;SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY;400
13.2.5;OPERATIONS AND DATA RECOVERY;401
13.2.6;THE SPACECRAFT;402
13.2.7;LAUNCH READINESS;402
13.2.8;REFERENCES;403
14;Poster Session;404
14.1;CHAPTER 59. MOTION OF THE STRONG DISTURBANCES IN THE INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM;406
14.1.1;ABSTRACT;406
14.1.2;INTRODUCTION;406
14.1.3;CHARACTER OF DISTURBANCES ON INTERPLANETARY SHOCK WAVES;406
14.1.4;PROPAGATION AND ENERGETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
SHOCKS;406
14.1.5;DYNAMICS OF DEVIATIONS FROM
THE THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM;407
14.1.6;REFERENCES;407
14.2;CHAPTER 60. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SOLAR FLARE, SOLAR NEUTRINO FLUX AND SUNSPOT DATA;408
14.3;CHAPTER 61. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE COMETARY SHOCKS;410
14.3.1;ABSTRACT;410
14.3.2;REFERENCES;411
14.4;CHAPTER 62. INVESTIGATION OF THE SOLAR WIND TRANSONIC REGION AT METER WAVELENGTH;412
14.5;CHAPTER 63. RECONNECTION PATTERN AT THE HELIOPAUSE;414
14.5.1;ABSTRACT;414
14.5.2;INTRODUCTION;414
14.5.3;SIMPLE MODEL;414
14.5.4;RESULTS;415
14.5.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;417
14.5.6;REFERENCES;417
14.6;CHAPTER 64. FLARE INSTABILITY AND DRIVING MECHANISM;418
15;AUTHOR INDEX;420
16;1st COSPAR Colloquium
PHYSICS OF THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE;422