Gülhan RESPACE - Key Technologies for Reusable Space Systems

Results of a Virtual Institute Programme of the German Helmholtz-Association, 2003 – 2007
1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-3-540-77819-6
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 190 Seiten

A few years ago the Helmholtz Association (HGF) consisting of 15 research Institutions including the German Aerospace Center (DLR) started a network research program called ‘Virtual Institutes’. The basic idea of this program was to establish research groups formed by Helmholtz research centers and universities to study and develop methods or technologies for future applications and educate young scientists. It should also enable and encourage the partners of this Virtual Institute after 3 years funding to continue their cooperation in other programs. Following this HGF request and chance the DLR Windtunnel Department of the Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology took the initiative and established a network with other DLR institutes and German u- versities RWTH Aachen, University of Stuttgart and Technical University Munich. The main goal of this network was to share the experience in system analysis, ae- dynamics and material science for aerospace for improving the understanding and applicability of some key technologies for future reusable space transportation s- tems. Therefore, the virtual institute was named RESPACE (Key Technologies for Re- Usable Space Systems).

Autoren/Hrsg.

Gülhan, Ali

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;NNFM Editor Addresses;5
2;Foreword;6
3;Table of Contents;7
4;General Introduction;8
4.1;General Introduction;8
5;System Requirements on Investigation of Base Flow/Plume Interaction;10
5.1;Introduction;10
5.2;Determination of Boundary Conditions;11
5.2.1;Surrounding Pressure during Ascent;11
5.3;Flow Exit Conditions and Geometrical Boundary Conditions for the Rocket Engine;14
5.4;Choosing the Nozzle Expansion Ratio;15
5.5;Design of the Model Nozzles;19
5.5.1;Simplifications Used during the Contour Design;19
5.5.2;Definition of Nozzle Contours;20
5.5.3;Expected Flow Conditions at the Nozzle Exit;22
5.6;References;25
6;Experimental Study of the Base Flow;27
6.1;Introduction;27
6.2;Experimental Techniques;28
6.2.1;Test Facility and Similarity Considerations;28
6.2.2;Wind Tunnel Model and Measurement Technique;31
6.3;Results;34
6.3.1;Wall Pressures and Temperatures;34
6.3.2;Base Flow Topology and Sting Influence;37
6.3.3;Effects of Different Exhaust Gases on Flow Interactions;41
6.3.4;Shock Oscillations and Recorded Spectra;43
6.4;Conclusions;45
6.5;References;45
7;Large-Eddy Simulation of a Generic Space Vehicle;47
7.1;Introduction;47
7.1.1;Physical Problem;47
7.1.2;Model Geometry and Flow Conditions;49
7.2;Governing Equations and Solution Technique;50
7.2.1;Numerical Method;50
7.2.2;Grid;51
7.2.3;Boundary Conditions;52
7.3;Results;54
7.3.1;Variation of the Inlet Condition at the Nozzle;54
7.3.2;Base Flow Characteristics;55
7.3.3;Comparison with Experimental Data;59
7.3.4;Fourier Analysis;60
7.4;Concluding Remarks;61
7.5;References;62
8;Large Eddy Simulation of Nozzle Jet - External Flow Interaction;64
8.1;Introduction;64
8.2;Physical and Mathematical Models;65
8.2.1;Governing Equations;65
8.2.2;Turbulence Models;66
8.2.3;Numerical Method;68
8.3;Results and Discussion;70
8.3.1;Mesh and Aerodynamic Parameters;70
8.3.2;Instantaneous Flow Field;73
8.3.3;Nozzle Flow;81
8.3.4;Base Flow and Plume Shear Layer;83
8.3.5;Fluctuations of the Plume Shear Layer;84
8.4;Conclusions;86
8.5;References;87
9;Application of Transpiration Cooling for Hot Structures;89
9.1;Introduction;89
9.1.1;Background;89
9.1.2;Motivation;89
9.1.3;Proposed Aims;90
9.2;Design of Experimental Setup;91
9.2.1;Screening Test Series in L2K / L3K;91
9.2.2;Main Test Series in L3K;93
9.3;Experimental Results;97
9.3.1;Screening Tests;97
9.3.2;Main Tests L3K;103
9.4;Summary;108
9.5;References;109
10;Qualification of Active Cooling Concepts in Ground Facilities;111
10.1;Introduction;111
10.2;Film Cooling in Cold Hypersonic Flow;112
10.2.1;Wedge Model;112
10.2.2;Test Parameters;113
10.2.3;Experimental Results with Orthogonal Injection;115
10.2.4;Experimental Results with Tangential Injection;117
10.2.5;Concluding Remarks;123
10.3;High Enthalpy Qualification of Transpiration Cooled TPS;123
10.3.1;Test Facility;124
10.3.2;Model and Instrumentation;124
10.3.3;Flow Condition and Test Parameters;127
10.3.4;Test Results;128
10.3.5;Summary and Conclusions;136
10.4;References;137
11;Experimental Study of Active Cooling in 8 Laminar Hypersonic Flows;139
11.1;Introduction;139
11.2;Wind Tunnel Model and Test Facility;142
11.3;Experimental Results;144
11.3.1;Experiments without Cooling;144
11.3.2;Influence of the Cooling Gas Injection on the Flow Field;145
11.3.3;Influence of the Blowing Ratio F;147
11.3.4;Experiments with Multislot Arrangement;149
11.3.5;Influence of the Slot Width;150
11.3.6;Influence of the Blowing Angle;150
11.3.7;Influence of the Reynolds Number;151
11.3.8;Experiments with a Field of Blowing Holes;152
11.3.9;Cooling at the Stagnation Region;153
11.3.10;Three-Dimensional Effects Due to Finite Injection Slot Length;155
11.4;Summary;155
11.5;References;156
12;Numerical Investigations of Film Cooling;158
12.1;Introduction;158
12.2;Numerical Method;159
12.2.1;Governing Equations;159
12.2.2;Spatial and Time Discretisation;160
12.2.3;Initial and Boundary Conditions;160
12.3;Results;162
12.3.1;Comparison with Experiments at Mach 2.67;162
12.3.2;Comparison of Effusion-Cooling Configurations at Mach 6;164
12.3.3;Instability Investigations of an Effusion-Cooled Adiabatic Mach 6 Boundary Layer;168
12.3.4;Effusion Cooling by Slits at Flight Conditions for a Mach 6.8 Boundary Layer and Inclined Blowing;170
12.4;Conclusions;173
12.5;References;175
13;Transpiration Cooling Methods for the SpaceLiner;177
13.1;Introduction;177
13.1.1;The SpaceLiner;177
13.1.2;Flight Environment;179
13.2;Transpiration Cooling Using Liquid Water;180
13.2.1;Cooling Options;180
13.2.2;Cooling Concept;180
13.3;Testing;182
13.4;System Investigation of Water Cooling;185
13.4.1;Heating Analysis;185
13.4.2;Nose Water Usage;187
13.4.3;Leading Edge Water Usage;187
13.4.4;Remarks on Water Usage;189
13.4.5;Potential Materials to Be Used;191
13.5;Conclusions;191
13.6;References;191
14;Author Index;193