Hadden / Chedid / Mullen Advances in Immunopharmacology

Proceedings of the First International Conference on Immunopharmacology, July 1980, Brighton, England
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4831-4539-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 528 Seiten, Web PDF

Advances in Immunopharmacology documents the proceedings of the First International Conference on Immunopharmacology held in Brighton, England, in July 1980. The volume contains 60 papers organized into 10 parts. The papers in Part I examine the pharmacology of immunotherapeutic drugs and immunotoxicology. Part II presents studies on thymic hormones. Part III is devoted to immunopharmacologic approaches to diseases other than cancer. Part IV deals with mechanisms of chemotaxis degranulation and microbicidal action. Part V focuses on cancer immunopharmacology and immunotherapy while Part VI covers the mechanisms of inflammatory and allergic processes. Part VII takes up the immune testing of the actions of immunotherapeutic agents. Part VIII discusses prostaglandins and macrophage suppression. Part IX is devoted to selected topics such as mechanism of action of soluble immune response suppressor and new approaches to the therapy of allergic diseases. Part X presents discussions during the therapy communication sessions.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hadden, J.

Chedid, L.

Mullen, P.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Advances in Immunopharmacology;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Part 1: Pharmacology of Immunotherapeuti Drugs and Immunotoxicology;12
5.1;Chapter 1. Immuno-enhancement and Drug Elimination Kinetics In Vivo;14
5.1.1;ABSTRACT;14
5.1.2;KEYWORDS;14
5.1.3;INTRODUCTION;14
5.1.4;HUMAN STUDIES;15
5.1.5;MOUSE STUDIES;16
5.1.6;REFERENCES;19
5.2;Chapter 2. Immunostimulants and Hepatic Drug Metabolism;22
5.2.1;ABSTRACT;22
5.2.2;KEYWORDS;22
5.2.3;INTRODUCTION;22
5.2.4;INFLUENCE OF C. PARVUM ON DRUG METABOLISM;23
5.2.5;RELATION OF ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY TO DEPRESSION OF DRUG METABOLISM;24
5.2.6;MECHANISM OF ACTION OF C. PARVUM;24
5.2.7;HUMORAL FACTORS;25
5.2.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;25
5.2.9;REFERENCES;25
5.3;Chapter 3. Effects of Interferon Inducers and Viral Infection on the Metabolism of Drugs;28
5.3.1;ABSTRACT;28
5.3.2;KEYWORDS;28
5.3.3;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;34
5.3.4;REFERENCES;34
5.4;Chapter 4. The Pharmacologic Properties of Various Forms of Interferon;36
5.4.1;ABSTRACT;36
5.4.2;KEYWORDS;36
5.4.3;INTRODUCTION;36
5.4.4;ISOLATION OF HuIFN-a SUBTYPES;37
5.4.5;PHARMACOKINETIC COMPARISONS OF HUMAN INTERFERON-ALPHA SUBTYPES;37
5.4.6;DISCUSSION;39
5.4.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;39
5.4.8;REFERENCES;39
5.5;Chapter 5. The Pharmacokinetics of Immunoregulating Drugs: Immunopharmacokinetics;40
5.5.1;ABSTRACT;40
5.5.2;INTRODUCTION;40
5.5.3;PREDNISOLONE/PREDNISONE;41
5.5.4;AZATHI0PRINE/6-MERCAPT0PURINE;44
5.5.5;CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE;45
5.5.6;IMMUNOSTIMULANTS;45
5.5.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;46
5.5.8;REFERENCES;46
5.6;Chapter 6. Assessment of Immunotoxicity Induced by the Environmental Chemicals 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,Diethylstilbestrol and Benzo(a)pyrene;48
5.6.1;ABSTRACT;48
5.6.2;INTRODUCTION;48
5.6.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;50
5.6.4;RESULTS;51
5.6.5;DISCUSSION;57
5.6.6;REFERENCES;59
5.7;Chapter 7. On the Heterogeneity of Immunotherapeutic Agents;62
5.7.1;ABSTRACT;62
5.7.2;KEYWORDS;62
5.7.3;INTRODUCTION;62
5.7.4;THE EFFECT OF CYTOTOXIC IMMUNODEPRESSANTS ON IMMUNOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS;63
5.7.5;SOME OPEN PROBLEMS IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF IMMUNOSTIMULANTS;68
5.7.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;73
5.7.7;REFERENCES;73
6;Part 2: Thymic Hormones;76
6.1;Chapter 8. A Multifaceted Role forThymosin and its Composite Peptides in T-Cell Regulation;78
6.1.1;ABSTRACT;78
6.1.2;KEYWORDS;78
6.1.3;INTRODUCTION;78
6.1.4;THYMOSIN AND ITS COMPONENT PEPTIDES;79
6.1.5;BIOLOGY OF THE THYMOSINS;81
6.1.6;CLINICAL TRIALS WITH THYMOSIN;83
6.1.7;SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVES;84
6.1.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;84
6.1.9;REFERENCES;84
6.2;Chapter 9. The Effect of the Serum Thymic Factor (FTS) on Suppressor T Cells;88
6.2.1;SUPPRESSION OF CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY;89
6.2.2;INHIBITION OF SKIN GRAFT REJECTION (Bach, 1977;89
6.2.3;SUPPRESSION OF MOLONEY VIRUS INDUCED SARCOMA IMMUNE RESPONSES;89
6.2.4;SUPPRESSION OF ANTIBODY FORMATION IN NZB MICE;90
6.2.5;PREVENTION OF AUTOIMMUNITY IN NZB AND B/W MICE;90
6.2.6;IN VITRO RESTORATION OF SUPPRESSOR FUNCTION IN HUMAN LUPUS;91
6.2.7;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;91
6.2.8;REFERENCES;91
6.3;Chapter 10. The Influence of Thymic Humoral Factor on Immunoproliferative Disorders andViral Infections in Humans;94
6.3.1;ABSTRACT;94
6.3.2;KEYWORDS;94
6.3.3;INTRODUCTION;94
6.3.4;MATERIALS AND METHODS;95
6.3.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;97
6.3.6;CONCLUSIONS;99
6.3.7;REFERENCES;99
7;Part 3: Immunopharmacologic Approaches to Diseasesother than Cancer;100
7.1;Chapter 11. Virus Induced Immunomodulation;102
7.1.1;INTERACTION OF MICROBES WITH THE IMMUNE SYSTEM;102
7.1.2;FRIEND LEUKEMIA VIRUS INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION;103
7.1.3;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;108
7.1.4;SUMMARY;110
7.1.5;REFERENCES;110
7.2;Chapter 12. Immunopharmacologic Approaches to Bacterial Infection;112
7.2.1;ABSTRACT;112
7.2.2;KEYWORDS;112
7.2.3;INTRODUCTION;112
7.2.4;ROLE OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED SHOCK;112
7.2.5;ROLE OF IND0METHACIN ON THE PYROGENICITY AND ON IMMUN0STIMULATINGACTIVITIES OF SYNTHETIC ADJUVANT GLYC0PEPTIDES;113
7.2.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;116
7.3;Chapter 13. Immunopotentiation in Experimental Viral Infections;120
7.3.1;ABSTRACT;120
7.3.2;KEYWORDS;120
7.3.3;INTRODUCTION;120
7.3.4;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES;120
7.3.5;RESULTS;121
7.3.6;DISCUSSION;122
7.3.7;REFERENCES;124
7.4;Chapter 14. Immunologic Therapy of Viral Infections;126
7.4.1;ABSTRACT;126
7.4.2;KEYWORDS;127
7.4.3;INTRODUCTION;127
7.4.4;RESULTS;127
7.4.5;CLINICAL STUDIES;129
7.4.6;SSPE AND ACUTE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS;134
7.4.7;CONCLUSIONS;135
7.4.8;REFERENCES;135
7.5;Chapter 15. Effects of Sex Hormones onSpontaneous Autoimmune Disease in NZB/NZW Hybrid Mice;138
7.5.1;ABSTRACT;138
7.5.2;KEYWORDS;138
7.5.3;INTRODUCTION;138
7.5.4;MATERIALS AND METHODS;139
7.5.5;RESULTS;141
7.5.6;DISCUSSION;146
7.5.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;147
7.5.8;REFERENCES;147
7.6;Chapter 16. Immunopharmacologic Therapyof Connective Tissue Diseases;150
7.6.1;ABSTRACT;150
7.6.2;KEYWORDS;150
7.6.3;INTRODUCTION;150
7.6.4;CLINICAL ACTIVITY OF LEVAMISOLE IN R.A,;151
7.6.5;CLINICAL ACTIVITY OF THYMOPOIETIN (TP5) IN R.A.;155
7.6.6;IMMUNOREGULATORY EFFECT OF LEVAMISOLE AND THYMOPOIETIN;156
7.6.7;REFERENCES;158
7.7;Chapter 17. Immunopharmacologic Therapy of Immunodeficiency;160
7.7.1;ABSTRACT;160
7.7.2;KEYWORDS;160
7.7.3;TRANSFER FACTOR;160
7.7.4;LEVAMISOLE;164
7.7.5;REFERENCES;166
8;Part 4: Mechanisms ofChemotaxis Degranulationand Microbicidal Action;168
8.1;Chapter 18. Early Biochemical Responses of the Neutrophil to Chemoattractants;170
8.1.1;ABSTRACT;170
8.1.2;KEYWORDS;170
8.1.3;INTRODUCTION;170
8.1.4;THE TWO PROCESSES OF CALCIUM TRANSLOCATION IN THE NEUTROPHIL;171
8.1.5;INVOLVEMENT OF ARACHIDONIC ACID IN NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION;172
8.1.6;INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARACHIDONIC ACID AND CALCIUM METABOLISM;173
8.1.7;REQUIREMENTS OF VARIOUS NEUTROPHIL RESPONSES FOR ARACHIDONIC ACID METABOLISM AND EXTRACELLULAR Ca2+;173
8.1.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;175
8.1.9;REFERENCES;175
8.2;Chapter 19. Complement-derived Chemotactic Factors;178
8.2.1;ABSTRACT;178
8.2.2;KEYWORDS;178
8.2.3;FORMATION OF HUMAN C5a AND C5a,des Arg;178
8.2.4;PHYSIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN C5a AND C5a DERIVATIVES;179
8.2.5;BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF C5a;179
8.2.6;THE HUMAN NEUTROPHIL C5a RECEPTOR;181
8.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;184
8.2.8;REFERENCES;184
8.3;Chapter 20. Modification of Rat Polymorphonuclear Chemotaxis by Five Immunomodulators;186
8.3.1;ABSTRACT;186
8.3.2;KEYWORDS;186
8.3.3;INTRODUCTION;186
8.3.4;MATERIALS AND METHODS;187
8.3.5;RESULTS;187
8.3.6;DISCUSSION;191
8.3.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;192
8.3.8;REFERENCES;192
8.4;Chapter 21. Use of Visual Analysis to Distinguish the Level of Actionof Drugs on Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Locomotion;194
8.4.1;ABSTRACT;194
8.4.2;KEY WORDS;194
8.4.3;INTRODUCTION;194
8.4.4;METHYLATION-INHIBITION MEDIA;195
8.4.5;ANAESTHETICS;196
8.4.6;COMPETITIVE ANTAGONISTS FOR f-MET PEPTIDES;197
8.4.7;CONCLUSIONS;198
8.4.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;198
8.4.9;REFERENCES;198
8.5;Chapter 22. Receptors and Transductional Events in Leukocyte Chemotaxis;200
8.5.1;ABSTRACT;200
8.5.2;KEYWORDS;200
8.5.3;INTRODUCTION;200
8.5.4;ROLE OF MEMBRANE LIPIDS IN THE TRANSDUCTION OF CHEMOTACTIC SIGNALS;206
8.5.5;REFERENCES;207
8.6;Chapter 23. Mechanisms of Degranulation;208
8.6.1;ABSTRACT;208
8.6.2;KEYWORDS;208
8.6.3;INTRODUCTION;208
8.6.4;ROLE OF EXTRACELLULAR CATIONS;209
8.6.5;ROLE OF c211
8.6.6;ROLE OF PROSTAGLANDINS;212
8.6.7;MORPHOLOGY OF STIMULATED NEUTROPHILS;212
8.6.8;THE EFFECTS OF ANION TRANSPORT INHIBITORS;213
8.6.9;CONCLUSIONS;216
8.6.10;REFERENCES;216
8.7;Chapter 24. Oxygen-dependent CytotoxicActivity of Phagocytes;218
8.7.1;KEYWORDS;218
8.7.2;SUPEROXIDE ANION;218
8.7.3;HYDROGEN PEROXIDE;219
8.7.4;HYDROXYL RADICALS;221
8.7.5;SINGLET OXYGEN;222
8.7.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;223
8.7.7;REFERENCES;223
9;Part 5: Cancer Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy;226
9.1;Chapter 25. Immunological and Tumor Responses to Various Immunotherapeutic Agents;228
9.1.1;ABSTRACT;228
9.1.2;KEYWORDS;228
9.1.3;INTRODUCTION;228
9.1.4;MALEIC ANHYDRIDE DIVINYL ETHER COPOLYMER (MVE);229
9.1.5;POLYINOSINIC-POLYCYTIDYLIC POLY-L-LYSINE (POLY ICLC);232
9.1.6;INTERFERON AND MVE;235
9.1.7;REFERENCES;236
9.2;Chapter 26. Current Status of Human Cancer Immunotherapy;238
9.2.1;ABSTRACT;238
9.2.2;KEYWORDS;238
9.2.3;INTRODUCTION;238
9.2.4;REFERENCES;245
9.3;Chapter 27. Specific Active Immunization Against Cell Surface Antigens of Human Malignant Melanoma: Development of an Approach;246
9.3.1;INTRODUCTION;246
9.3.2;COMMENT;252
9.3.3;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;252
9.3.4;REFERENCES;253
10;Part 6: Mechanisms ofI nflammatory and Allergic Processes;254
10.1;Chapter 28. Non-specific Inflammation and Host Resistance Against Pathogens;256
10.1.1;ABSTRACT;256
10.1.2;KEY WORDS;256
10.1.3;INTRODUCTION;256
10.1.4;INFLAMMATION INCREASES THE RESISTANCE OF MICE AGAINS TSCHISTOSOMA MANSONI;257
10.1.5;INFLAMMATION INCREASES THE RESISTANCE AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS AND PLASMODIUM BERGHEI;257
10.1.6;INFLAMMATION INCREASES THE RESISTANCE OF MICE AGAINST LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES AND SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM;257
10.1.7;INFLAMMATION INCREASES THE RESISTANCE OF MICE AGAINST THE LEWIS CARCINOMA;258
10.1.8;KININS AND THEIR SPLIT-PRODUCTS ARE IMMUNOSTIMULANTS;258
10.1.9;CONCLUSIONS;258
10.1.10;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;259
10.1.11;REFERENCES;259
10.2;Chapter 29. Influence of an Acute Non-immunological Inflammation on Resistanceto Infection and Neoplasia;260
10.2.1;ABSTRACT;260
10.2.2;KEYWORDS;260
10.2.3;INTRODUCTION;260
10.2.4;DISCUSSION;266
10.2.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;267
10.2.6;REFERENCES;268
10.3;Chapter 30. Immunopharmacology of Graft Rejection;270
10.3.1;REFERENCES;275
10.4;Chapter 31. Autacoids as Modulators of the Immune Process: A Possible Therapeutic Strategy;278
10.4.1;ABSTRACT;278
10.4.2;KEYWORDS;278
10.4.3;INTRODUCTION;279
10.4.4;AUTACOIDS AS MODIFIERS OF THE INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE RESPONSE;279
10.4.5;CONCLUSION;284
10.4.6;REFERENCES;284
10.5;Chapter 32. Immunopharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Allergy;288
10.5.1;ABSTRACT;288
10.5.2;KEYWORDS;288
10.5.3;INTRODUCTION;288
10.5.4;DEMONSTRATION OF A CIRCULATING" SUPPRESSIVE FACTOR OF ALLERGY" (SFA) ACTIVE IN SELECTIVELY INHIBITING IgE ANTIBODY RESPONSES;288
10.5.5;NEW APPROACHES T O IMMUNOTHERAPY OF IgE- MEDIATED ALLERGIC DISEASES;290
10.5.6;CONCLUSION;293
10.5.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;294
10.5.8;REFERENCES;294
11;Part 7: Immune Testing of the Actions of Immunotherapeutic Agents;296
11.1;Chapter 33. Resistance Models for the Testing of Immunopotentiating Agents;298
11.1.1;ABSTRACT;298
11.1.2;INTRODUCTION;298
11.1.3;BACTERIAL INFECTIONS;299
11.1.4;FUNGAL INFECTIONS;300
11.1.5;PARASITIC INFESTATIONS;301
11.1.6;VIRAL INFECTIONS;302
11.1.7;TUMORS AND LEUKEMIAS;303
11.1.8;CONCLUSIONS;304
11.1.9;REFERENCES;304
11.2;Chapter 34. The Assessment of the Immunotoxicity of Xenobiotics Experience with Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin and Saccharin;306
11.2.1;ABSTRACT;306
11.2.2;INTRODUCTION;306
11.2.3;THE IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SACCHARIN;307
11.2.4;THE IMMUN0T0XIC0L0GY OF TCDD;312
11.2.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;319
11.2.6;REFERENCES;319
11.3;Chapter 35. Attempt at Functional Classification of Chemically-Defined Immunomodulators;322
11.3.1;ABSTRACT;322
11.3.2;KEYWORDS;322
11.3.3;INTRODUCTION;322
11.3.4;RESULTS;323
11.3.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;336
11.3.6;REFERENCES;336
11.4;Chapter 36. The Immunopharmacology of Immunotherapy: an Update;338
11.4.1;ABSTRACT;338
11.4.2;KEY WORDS;338
11.4.3;INTRODUCTION;338
11.4.4;ACTIONS OF AGENTS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM;339
11.4.5;HEMATOPOIESIS;340
11.4.6;LYMPHOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION;340
11.4.7;T CELL FUNCTIONS;341
11.4.8;B CELL FUNCTIONS;341
11.4.9;MACROPHAGE FUNCTIONS;342
11.4.10;MECHANISMS OF ACTION;344
11.4.11;THE NEED FOR A SCIENCE OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY;346
11.4.12;CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AGENT;347
11.4.13;CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ANTIGENIC CHALLENGE;348
11.4.14;HOST CHARACTERISTICS IN IMMUNOTHERAPY;349
11.4.15;CONCLUSIONS;350
11.4.16;REFERENCES;350
12;Part 8: Prostaglandins and Macrophage Suppression;352
12.1;Chapter 37. Modulation of the PMN Leukocyte Component of Hypersensitivity Reactions by Lipoxygenase Products of Arachidonic Acid;354
12.1.1;ABSTRACT;354
12.1.2;KEYWORDS;354
12.1.3;LIPOXYGENASE PRODUCTS OF ARACHIDONIC ACID AS MEDIATORS OFPMN LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION;355
12.1.4;MODULATION OF THE GENERATION OF LIPOXYGENASE PRODUCTS OF ARACHIDONIC ACID BY HUMAN PMN LEUKOCYTES;358
12.1.5;ENDOGENOUS LIPOXYGENASE PRODUCTS OF ARACHIDONIC ACID AS FUNCTIONAL INTRACELLULAR CONSTITUENTS OF HUMAN PMN LEUKOCYTES;359
12.1.6;REFERENCES;362
12.2;Chapter 38. Arachidonic Acid and Related Fatty Acids in Leukocyte Modulation;366
12.2.1;KEYWORDS;366
12.3;Chapter 39. Generation of PGD2 and Releaseof Granule-associated Mediatorsby Mast Cells;368
12.3.1;REFERENCES;373
12.4;Chapter 40. Arachidonate and Metabolites in Mitogen Activation of Lymphocyte Guanylate Cyclase;376
12.4.1;ABSTRACT;376
12.4.2;KEYWORDS;376
12.4.3;INTRODUCTION;377
12.4.4;CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE LEVELS;377
12.4.5;GUANYLATE CYCLASE;377
12.4.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;383
12.4.7;REFERENCES;383
12.5;Chapter 41. Prostaglandins and Macrophage Suppression;386
12.5.1;ABSTRACT;386
12.5.2;KEYWORDS;386
12.5.3;INTRODUCTION;386
12.5.4;METHODS;387
12.5.5;RESULTS;387
12.5.6;DISCUSSION;390
12.5.7;REFERENCES;391
12.6;Chapter 42. Prostaglandins in Lymphocyte Suppressor Mechanisms;394
12.6.1;ABSTRACT;394
12.6.2;KEYWORDS;394
12.6.3;INTRODUCTION;394
12.6.4;PG PRODUCTION BY IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELLS;395
12.6.5;PG PRODUCTION AND CONTROL OF MITOGEN INDUCED LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION;395
12.6.6;REFERENCES;398
13;Part 9: Selected Topics;400
13.1;Chapter 43. Immunopharmacologic Approaches to Delineation ofthe Mechanism of Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Using Cytotoxic T Cell Clones;402
13.1.1;ABSTRACT;402
13.1.2;KEYWORDS;402
13.1.3;INTRODUCTION;402
13.1.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;403
13.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;406
13.1.6;REFERENCES;406
13.2;Chapter 44. Mechanism of Action of Soluble Immune Response Suppressor (SIRS);408
13.2.1;ABSTRACT;408
13.2.2;KEYWORDS;408
13.2.3;INTRODUCTION;408
13.2.4;MECHANISM OF ACTION;409
13.2.5;PROPERTIES OF SIRS;409
13.2.6;MECHANISM OF SIRS ACTION;410
13.2.7;MECHANISMS OF M.-SF ACTION;411
13.2.8;PROPERTIES OF M.-SF;412
13.2.9;MECHANISMS OF PRODUCTION OF M.-SF;413
13.2.10;CONCLUSION;414
13.2.11;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;415
13.2.12;REFERENCES;415
13.3;Chapter 45. The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies;416
13.3.1;PRINCIPLE;416
13.3.2;COMPARISON BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL AND MONOCLONAL REAGENTS;416
13.3.3;MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN MEDICINE;417
13.3.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;419
13.3.5;REFERENCES;420
13.4;Chapter 46. New Approaches to the Therapyof Allergic Diseases;422
13.4.1;ABSTRACT;422
13.4.2;KEYWORDS;422
13.4.3;INTRODUCTION;422
13.4.4;THE MECHANISM OF MEDIATOR RELEASE;423
13.4.5;OTHER MEDIATORS OF ANAPHYLAXIS;426
13.4.6;MEDIATOR INTERACTIONS;427
13.4.7;REFERENCES;428
13.5;Chapter 47. Lymphocyte Activating Propertyof Human Leukocytic Pyrogen;430
13.5.1;ABSTRACT;430
13.5.2;KEYWORDS;430
13.5.3;INTRODUCTION;430
13.5.4;MATERIALS AND METHODS;431
13.5.5;RESULTS;431
13.5.6;DISCUSSION;434
13.5.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;435
13.5.8;REFERENCES;435
13.6;Chapter 48. The Central Nervous Systemand Immune Responses: Conditioned Immunopharmacologic Effects;438
13.6.1;ABSTRACT;438
13.6.2;KEYWORDS;438
13.6.3;INTRODUCTION;438
13.6.4;BACKGROUND;439
13.6.5;CONDITIONED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION;440
13.6.6;DISCUSSION;443
13.6.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;445
13.6.8;REFERENCES;445
13.7;Chapter 49. Immunopharmacology of Schistosomiasis;446
13.7.1;IMMUNOPATHOLOGY;447
13.7.2;IMMUNITY, SPECIFIC AND NON-SPECIFIC;449
13.7.3;REFERENCES;450
14;Part 10: Therapy Communication Sessions;452
14.1;Chapter 50. Mycobacteria, G. Parvum and Related Substances;454
14.1.1;BCG AND RELATED BACTERIAL FRACTIONS;455
14.1.2;ANAEROBIC CORYNEFORMS;456
14.1.3;STREPTOCOCCUS PREPARATIONS;457
14.1.4;NEURAMINIDASE;457
14.2;Chapter 51. Interferon Inducers;458
14.3;Chapter 52. Immunopotentiators I;462
14.3.1;1. BESTATIN;463
14.3.2;2. LEVAMISOLE;463
14.3.3;3. DTC;464
14.3.4;4. SA 96;466
14.3.5;5. F 1686;466
14.3.6;CLOSING COMMENTS;466
14.4;Chapter 53. Immunopotentiators III soprinosine, NPT 15392 and Azimexone: Modulators of Lymphocyte and Macrophage Development and Function;468
14.4.1;ABSTRACT;469
14.4.2;KEYWORDS;469
14.4.3;ISOPRINOSINE;469
14.4.4;EFFECTS OF ISOPRINOSINE ON IMMUNE FUNCTION IN VITRO;469
14.4.5;EFFECTS OF ISOPRINOSINE ON IMMUNE FUNCTION IN VIVO;471
14.4.6;EFFECTS OF NPT 15392 ON IMMUNE FUNCTION IN VITRO;474
14.4.7;EFFECT OF NPT 15392 ON IMMUNE FUNCTION IN VIVO;475
14.4.8;AZIMEXONE;476
14.4.9;EFFECTS OF AZIMEXONE IN VITRO;476
14.4.10;EFFECTS OF AZIMEXONE IN VIVO;477
14.5;Chapter 54. Interferon;480
14.6;Chapter 55. Polysaccharides and Related Substances I;488
14.7;Chapter 56. Polysaccharides and Related Substances II;496
14.8;Chapter 57. New Immunosuppressive Agents and Approaches;502
14.9;Chapter 58. New Host Modifying Drugs;506
14.10;Chapter 59. Muramyl Dipeptide Immunoadjuvants;510
14.11;Chapter 60. Summary and Conclusions of the Therapy and Communication Session: Lymphokine and Transfer Factor;518
15;Author Index;524