Hall Alternative Uses for Sewage Sludge

Proceedings of a Conference Organised by WRc Medmenham and Held at the University of York, UK on 5-7 September 1989
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8733-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 404 Seiten, Web PDF

The treatment and disposal of sewage sludge is an expensive and environmentally sensitive problem that is growing worldwide. Sludge production is increasing whilst previously accepted methods for disposal are coming under pressure or even being phased out altogether so there is now an urgency to find cost-effective and innovative solutions that appease environmental and public pressures. The purpose of the conference recorded in these proceedings was to review the range of alternative disposal/recycling options for sewage sludge. The alternative uses considered are in land reclamation, forestry, compost and soil production, landfill, incineration, and energy and resource recovery. The papers presented include recent research findings and technological developments, as well as operational implementation of schemes, showing that beneficial re-use of sludge can be entirely compatible with a cost-effective and environmentally sensitive approach to sludge disposal.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hall, J. E.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;11
2;Alternative Uses for Sewage Sludge;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Editor's Preface;9
6;SESSION 1: Land Reclamation;10
6.1;Chapter 1.The potential value of sewage sludge in land reclamation;12
6.1.1;SUMMARY;12
6.1.2;1. INTRODUCTION;12
6.1.3;2. THE POTENTIAL OF SEWAGE SLUDGE;15
6.1.4;3. POSSIBLE PROBLEMS;21
6.1.5;4. FIELD EXPERIMENTS;24
6.1.6;5. CONCLUSIONS;26
6.1.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;28
6.1.8;REFERENCES;28
6.2;Chapter 2.Utilisation of sewage sludge in the United States for mine land reclamation;32
6.2.1;SUMMARY;32
6.2.2;1. INTRODUCTION;32
6.2.3;2. FEDERAL AND STATE GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS;33
6.2.4;3. DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS;34
6.2.5;4. EFFECTS OF MICROBIAL POPULATIONS;42
6.2.6;5. EFFECTS ON WILDLIFE;46
6.2.7;6. CONCLUSIONS;50
6.2.8;REFERENCES;50
6.3;Chapter 3.Sewage sludge as an amendment for reclaimed colliery spoil;52
6.3.1;SUMMARY;52
6.3.2;1. INTRODUCTION;52
6.3.3;2. INHIBITION OF ACID PRODUCTION;53
6.3.4;3. NUTRIENT SUPPLY AND CYCLING;56
6.3.5;4. CONCLUSIONS;63
6.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;64
6.3.7;REFERENCES;64
6.4;Chapter 4.Reclamation of acidic soils treated with industrial sludge;66
6.4.1;SUMMARY;66
6.4.2;1. INTRODUCTION;66
6.4.3;2. MATERIALS AND METHODS;67
6.4.4;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;70
6.4.5;4. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS;80
6.5;Chapter 5.Experiences of the usage of heavy amounts of sewage sludge for reclaiming opencast mining areas and amelioration of very steep and stony vineyards;82
6.5.1;SUMMARY;82
6.5.2;1. INTRODUCTION;82
6.5.3;2. OBJECTIVES;83
6.5.4;3. LAY OUT OF THE EXPERIMENTS;83
6.5.5;4. RESULTS;84
6.5.6;5. DISCUSSION;89
6.5.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;91
6.5.8;REFERENCES;92
6.6;Chapter 6. Consolidated sewage sludge as soil substitute in colliery spoil reclamation;94
6.6.1;SUMMARY;94
6.6.2;1. INTRODUCTION;94
6.6.3;2. LABORATORY/GREENHOUSE TRIALS;96
6.6.4;3. FIELD SCALE TRIALS;98
6.6.5;4. EAST BIERLEY;101
6.6.6;5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;105
6.6.7;REFERENCES;106
6.7;Discussion;108
7;SESSION 2: Forestry;114
7.1;Chapter 7.The potential for utilising sewage sludge in forestry in Great Britain;116
7.1.1;SUMMARY;116
7.1.2;1. INTRODUCTION;116
7.1.3;2. SURVEY;118
7.1.4;3. CONCLUSIONS;124
7.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;124
7.1.6;REFERENCES;124
7.2;Chapter 8.Sewage sludge utilisation in forestry: the UK research programme;128
7.2.1;SUMMARY;128
7.2.2;1. INTRODUCTION;128
7.2.3;2. RESEARCH PROGRAMME;129
7.2.4;3. GROWTH RESPONSES;131
7.2.5;4. METAL ADDITIONS;138
7.2.6;5. VEGETATION EFFECTS;142
7.2.7;6. HEALTH IMPLICATIONS;143
7.2.8;7. WATER QUALITY;144
7.2.9;8. APPLICATION TECHNIQUES;147
7.2.10;9. CONCLUSIONS;148
7.2.11;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;149
7.2.12;REFERENCES;150
7.3;Chapter 9.Operational experiences of sludge application to forest sites in Southern Scotland;152
7.3.1;SUMMARY;152
7.3.2;1. INTRODUCTION;152
7.3.3;2. CLYDESDALE FOREST SITE;153
7.3.4;3. GLENTRESS FOREST SITE;162
7.3.5;4. CONCLUSIONS;166
7.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;166
7.4;Chapter 10.US forestry uses of municipal sewage sludge;168
7.4.1;SUMMARY;168
7.4.2;1. INTRODUCTION;168
7.4.3;2. SUMMARY OF SELECTED US FORESTRY SLUDGE APPLICATION PROJECTS;169
7.4.4;3. OVERVIEW OF METRO SEATTLE SLUDGE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME;170
7.4.5;4. OVERVIEW OF FORESTRY SLUDGE RESEARCH;172
7.4.6;5. OPERATING METHODS;173
7.4.7;6. PROJECT MANAGEMENT;175
7.4.8;7. REGULATIONS;176
7.4.9;8. NEW TECHNOLOGY;177
7.4.10;REFERENCES;178
7.5;Chapter 11.Utilisation of dehydrated sludge from Marseille's purification station in forestry;180
7.5.1;SUMMARY;180
7.5.2;1. INTRODUCTION;180
7.5.3;2. TRIALS IN LYSIMETERS AND CONTAINERS (1977);181
7.5.4;3. TRIALS ON THE PLATEAU DE LA MURE (1979);182
7.5.5;4. TRIALS ON THE PLATEAU DE CARPIAGNE (1981);182
7.5.6;5. THE QUALITY OF THE "COMPOST";184
7.5.7;6. STUDIES OF THE SITE TO BE REFORESTED;185
7.5.8;7. ESTABLISHING THE REFORESTATION OPERATION;186
7.5.9;8. CONCLUSION;187
7.5.10;REFERENCES;188
7.6;Chapter 12.Long-term effects of sewage sludge application in a conifer plantation on a sandy soil;190
7.6.1;SUMMARY;190
7.6.2;1. INTRODUCTION;190
7.6.3;2. EXPERIMENTATION;191
7.6.4;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;195
7.6.5;4. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK;204
7.6.6;REFERENCES;208
7.7;DISCUSSION SESSION 2;212
8;SESSION 3: Landfill and incineration;216
8.1;Chapter 13.Co-disposal of sewage sludge and domestic waste in landfills: laboratory and field trials;218
8.1.1;SUMMARY;218
8.1.2;1. INTRODUCTION;218
8.1.3;2. LABORATORY REACTOR DESIGN AND OPERATION;219
8.1.4;3. PILOT SCALE HELD TRIALS;221
8.1.5;4. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS;222
8.1.6;5. CONCLUSIONS;228
8.1.7;REFERENCES;229
8.2;Chapter 14.Co-disposal in MSW landfills of coal fly-ash and domestic sludge;230
8.2.1;SUMMARY;230
8.2.2;1. INTRODUCTION;230
8.2.3;2. MATERIALS AND METHODS;231
8.2.4;3. PRELIMINARY RESULTS;236
8.2.5;4. DISCUSSION;243
8.2.6;5. CONCLUSIONS;244
8.2.7;REFERENCES;245
8.3;Chapter 15.The co-disposal of controlled waste and sewage sludge - some practical aspects;248
8.3.1;SUMMARY;248
8.3.2;1. INTRODUCTION;248
8.3.3;2. AVAILABLE LANDFILL FACILITIES IN WEST YORKSHIRE;249
8.3.4;3. SEWAGE SLUDGE DISPOSAL REQUIREMENTS IN WEST YORKSHIRE;250
8.3.5;4. OPERATIONAL CO-DISPOSAL PRACTICE;251
8.3.6;5. EFFECTS OF CO-DISPOSAL;254
8.3.7;6. CONCLUSIONS;256
8.3.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;257
8.3.9;REFERENCES;257
8.4;Chapter 16.Environmental aspects of landfilling sewage sludge;258
8.4.1;SUMMARY;258
8.4.2;1. INTRODUCTION;258
8.4.3;2. LANDFILLING;262
8.4.4;3. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF LANDFILLING SEWAGE SLUDGE;266
8.4.5;4. CONCLUSIONS;274
8.4.6;REFERENCES;276
8.5;Chapter 17.Physical aspects of landfilling of sewage sludge;278
8.5.1;SUMMARY;278
8.5.2;1. INTRODUCTION;278
8.5.3;2. STATE OF THE ART;279
8.5.4;3. CONSISTENCY;283
8.5.5;4. COMPRESSIBILITY;284
8.5.6;5. SHEAR STRENGTH;285
8.5.7;6. BEARING CAPACITY/SUITABILITY FOR DRIVING;285
8.5.8;7. MEASURING METHODS;285
8.5.9;8. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SOIL MECHANICAL PARAMETERS;287
8.5.10;9. INFLUENCING THE DUMPING SUITABILITY PARAMETERS;287
8.5.11;10. CRITERIA FOR THE SUITABILITY FOR DUMPING;289
8.5.12;11. FURTHER RESEARCH;290
8.5.13;REFERENCES;291
8.6;Chapter 18.The use of sewage sludge as a fuel for its own disposal;292
8.6.1;SUMMARY;292
8.6.2;1. INTRODUCTION;292
8.6.3;2. SEWAGE SLUDGE AS A FUEL SOURCE;293
8.6.4;3. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION;294
8.6.5;4. PROCESS IMPLICATIONS AND PLANT SELECTION;296
8.6.6;5. CONCLUSION;298
8.6.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;299
8.6.8;REFERENCES;299
8.6.9;DISCUSSION SESSION 3;300
9;SESSION 4: Other uses;306
9.1;Chapter 19.Economics and marketing of urban sludge composts in the EEC;308
9.1.1;SUMMARY;308
9.1.2;1. INTRODUCTION;308
9.1.3;2. TYPES OF COMPOSTS PRODUCED FROM URBAN SLUDGES;309
9.1.4;3. SITUATION IN FRANCE;312
9.1.5;4. PRESENTATION OF NINE SLUDGE COMPOSTING PLANTS IN FIVE COUNTRIES OF THE EEC;316
9.1.6;5. CONCLUSIONS;318
9.2;Chapter 20.Compost - a sewage sludge resource for the future;320
9.2.1;SUMMARY;320
9.2.2;1. INTRODUCTION;320
9.2.3;2. THE BASIC COMPOSTING METHOD;321
9.2.4;3. MODIFICATIONS TO THE BASIC COMPOSTING METHOD;323
9.2.5;4. QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES;324
9.2.6;5. COMPOST APPLICATIONS;326
9.2.7;6. CONCLUSION;327
9.2.8;REFERENCES;327
9.3;Chapter 21.The manufacture of a quality assured growing medium by amending soil with sewage sludge;328
9.3.1;SUMMARY;328
9.3.2;1. INTRODUCTION;328
9.3.3;2. THE TOPSOIL MARKET;330
9.3.4;3. SOIL SPECIFICATIONS;331
9.3.5;4. SPECIFICATION RATIONALE;331
9.3.6;5. QUALITY ASSURANCE OF THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS;335
9.3.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;336
9.3.8;REFERENCES;339
9.4;Chapter 22.Energy from sludge;340
9.4.1;SUMMARY;340
9.4.2;1. INTRODUCTION;340
9.4.3;2. CALORIFIC VALUE OF SLUDGE;341
9.4.4;3. ENERGY FROM SLUDGE IN PERSPECTIVE;343
9.4.5;4. METHODS FOR EXPLOITING ENERGY IN SLUDGE;344
9.4.6;5. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE "GREENHOUSE EFFECT";351
9.4.7;6. THE FUTURE;356
9.4.8;REFERENCES;357
9.5;Chapter 23.Resource recovery through unconventional uses of sludge;360
9.5.1;SUMMARY;360
9.5.2;1. INTRODUCTION;360
9.5.3;2. SLUDGE AS A FEEDSTUFF;361
9.5.4;3. RECOVERY OF VALUABLE SLUDGE CONSTITUENTS;367
9.5.5;4. PRODUCTION OF VALUABLE COMMODITIES;369
9.5.6;5. SLUDGE USE FOR PRODUCTION OF SOIL AMENDMENTS;371
9.5.7;6. CONCLUSIONS;373
9.5.8;REFERENCES;373
9.6;Chapter 24.The development of a sludge treatment and disposal strategy;376
9.6.1;SUMMARY;376
9.6.2;1. INTRODUCTION;376
9.6.3;2. OUTLINE OF STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT;379
9.6.4;3. IDENTIFICATION OF CONSTRAINTS;379
9.6.5;4. STRATEGY OBJECTIVES;379
9.6.6;5. DATA COLLECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF CONSTRAINTS;379
9.6.7;6. IDENTIFICATION OF ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OPTIONS;384
9.6.8;7. EVALUATION OF OPTIONS;387
9.6.9;8. IDENTIFICATION OF STRATEGY;390
9.6.10;DISCUSSION SESSION 4;392
10;List of Participants;394