Hamilton / Ohfuchi High Resolution Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Ocean

1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-0-387-49791-4
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 293 Seiten

This highly relevant text documents the first international meeting focused specifically on high-resolution atmospheric and oceanic modeling. It was held recently at the Earth Simulator Center in Yokohama, Japan. Rather than producing a standard conference proceedings volume, the editors have decided to compose this volume entirely of papers written by invited speakers at the meeting, who report on their most exciting recent results involving high resolution modeling.

Kevin Hamilton is a professor in the Department of Meteorology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, and Team Leader for ' Regional Impacts of Global Environmental Change' Research at the International Pacific Research Center. Wataru Ohfuchi has held a research scientist position with the Earth Simulator Center in Yokohama, Japan. Currently, he is the Group Leader of the Atmospheric and Ocean Simulation Research Group at the Earth Simulator Center.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hamilton, Kevin

Ohfuchi, Wataru

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;5
2;Contributors;10
3;Introduction;14
4;Numerical Resolution and Modeling of the Global Atmospheric Circulation: A Review of Our Current Understanding and Outstanding Issues;20
4.1;1.1 Introduction – Global Atmospheric Simulations;20
4.2;1.2 Effect of Horizontal Resolution on Simulations of Tropospheric Circulation;22
4.3;1.3 Effects of Vertical Resolution on Simulations of Tropospheric Circulation;25
4.4;1.4 Explicit Simulation of Mesoscale Phenomena;26
4.5;1.5 Changing Subgrid-Scale Parameterizations with Model Resolution;29
4.6;1.6 Middle Atmosphere;31
4.7;1.7 Coupled Global Ocean–Atmosphere Model Simulations and Climate Sensitivity;33
4.8;1.8 Summary;35
4.9;References;36
5;The Rationale forWhy Climate Models Should Adequately Resolve the Mesoscale;41
5.1;2.1 Introduction;42
5.2;2.2 The Role of the High Frequency Wave Activity in Climate Variability;43
5.3;2.3 The Performance of the Eddy Activity in Three Climate Models;46
5.4;2.4 The Cyclone-Frontal System;51
5.5;2.5 Summary and Conclusions;54
5.6;References;55
6;Project TERRA: A Glimpse into the Future of Weather and Climate Modeling;57
6.1;3.1 Introduction;57
6.2;3.2 High Resolution Results;58
6.3;3.3 The Versatility Offered by Nonhydrostatic GCM’s;58
6.4;3.4 Computational Requirements;59
6.5;3.5 Summary and Conclusion;61
6.6;References;62
7;An Updated Description of the Conformal-Cubic Atmospheric Model;63
7.1;4.1 Introduction;63
7.2;4.2 Dynamical Formulation of CCAM ;64
7.3;4.3 Physical Parameterizations;72
7.4;4.4 Parallel Aspects;73
7.5;4.5 Examples of CCAM Simulations;77
7.6;4.6 Concluding Comments;84
7.7;References;86
8;Description of AFES 2: Improvements for High- Resolution and Coupled Simulations;88
8.1;5.1 Introduction;88
8.2;5.2 Dynamical Processes ;90
8.3;5.3 Physical Processes;96
8.4;5.4 Concluding Remarks;106
8.5;References;106
9;Precipitation Statistics Comparison Between Global Cloud Resolving Simulation with NICAM and TRMM PR Data;109
9.1;6.1 Introduction;109
9.2;6.2 Model and the Experimental Setup;111
9.3;6.3 Precipitation Distribution;112
9.4;6.4 Precipitation Frequency;113
9.5;6.5 Spectral Representations of Rain-Top Height;115
9.6;6.6 Summary;119
9.7;References;121
10;GlobalWarming Projection by an Atmospheric General Circulation Model with a 20- km Grid;123
10.1;7.1 Introduction;123
10.2;7.2 Methods ;125
10.3;7.3 Results ;126
10.4;7.4 Discussion and Concluding Remarks;135
10.5;References;136
11;Simulations of Forecast and Climate Modes Using Non- Hydrostatic Regional Models;139
11.1;8.1 Introduction;139
11.2;8.2 Summary;148
11.3;References;149
12;High-Resolution Simulations of High-Impact Weather Systems Using the Cloud- Resolving Model on the Earth Simulator;150
12.1;9.1 Introduction;150
12.2;9.2 Description of CReSS;151
12.3;9.3 Optimization for the Earth Simulator;153
12.4;9.4 Localized Heavy Rainfall;154
12.5;9.5 Typhoons and the Associated Heavy Rainfall;155
12.6;9.6 Snowstorms ;159
12.7;9.7 Summary;164
12.8;References;165
13;An Eddy-Resolving Hindcast Simulation of the Quasiglobal Ocean from 1950 to 2003 on the Earth Simulator;166
13.1;10.1 Introduction;166
13.2;10.2 Model Description;168
13.3;10.3 Overview of the Simulated Fields;169
13.4;10.4 Variability at Various Timescales;175
13.5;10.5 Concluding Remarks;189
13.6;References;191
14;Jets and Waves in the Pacific Ocean;195
14.1;11.1 Introduction;195
14.2;11.2 Jets;196
14.3;11.3 Waves;198
14.4;11.4 Impact on the Transport of Tracers;201
14.5;11.5 Conclusions;202
14.6;References;203
15;The Distribution of the Thickness Diffusivity Inferred from a High- Resolution Ocean Model;205
15.1;12.1 Introduction;205
15.2;12.2 GM Parameterization;207
15.3;12.3 Model Description;208
15.4;12.4 Results ;209
15.5;12.5 Summary and Discussion;212
15.6;References;214
16;High Resolution Kuroshio Forecast System: Description and its Applications;216
16.1;13.1 Introduction;216
16.2;13.2 Description of Forecast System ;218
16.3;13.3 Predictions of the Kuroshio Large Meander;233
16.4;13.4 Toward the Kuroshio Forecast Downscaling for Coastal Oceans and Bays;238
16.5;13.5 Summary;241
16.6;References;243
17;High-Resolution Simulation of the Global Coupled Atmosphere– Ocean System: Description and Preliminary Outcomes of CFES ( CGCM for the Earth Simulator);247
17.1;14.1 Introduction;247
17.2;14.2 Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean GCM: CFES ;248
17.3;14.3 Preliminary Results ;251
17.4;14.4 Concluding Remarks;262
17.5;References;264
18;Impact of Coupled Nonhydrostatic Atmosphere– Ocean– Land Model with High Resolution;267
18.1;15.1 Introduction;267
18.2;15.2 Model Configuration ;268
18.3;15.3 Results of High Resolution Simulations ;273
18.4;15.4 Conclusion and FutureWork;278
18.5;References;278
19;Color Plates;280