Hanson Recent Advances in Liquid-Liquid Extraction

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5166-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 600 Seiten, Web PDF

Recent Advances in Liquid-liquid Extraction focuses on the applications of liquid extraction. The selection first discusses solvent extraction. Concerns include organic and inorganic separations, mass transfer process, solvent extraction economics, and coalescence in liquid-liquid systems. The book focuses on the chemistry of solvent extraction. Extraction by acidic organophosphorus compounds; extraction by phosphorus-bonded oxygen-donor solvents; extraction by high-molecular weight amines; and synergistic extraction are elaborated. The book also focuses on industrial organic processes; industrial contacting equipment; response characteristics and control of extraction processes; and calculation of contactors with longitudinal mixing. The selection presents the study of longitudinal mixing in liquid-liquid contactors. Rotating disc contactors, packed columns, vibrating plate extractors, and Oldshue-Rushton columns are described. The text also discusses heat transfer by direct liquid-liquid contact and the coalescence of liquid droplets and liquid dispersion. The selection is a vital source of data for readers interested in liquid extraction.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hanson, C.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Recent Advances in Liquid-Liquid Extraction;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;14
6;CHAPTER 1. Solvent Extraction: the Current Position;18
6.1;Classification of Extraction Processes;18
6.2;Inorganic Separations;19
6.3;Organic Separations;20
6.4;Equipment;21
6.5;Solvent Extraction Economics;24
6.6;The Mass Transfer Process;26
6.7;Coalescence in Liquid-Liquid Systems;28
6.8;Bibliography;30
6.9;References;30
7;CHAPTER 2. The Chemistry of Solvent Extraction;32
7.1;Principles of Solvent Extraction;35
7.2;Physical Distribution;39
7.3;Extraction by Chelating Agents;41
7.4;Extraction by Carboxylic and Sulphonic Acids;42
7.5;Extraction by Acidic Organophosphorus Compounds;44
7.6;Extraction by Carbon-bonded Oxygen-Donor Solvents;51
7.7;Extraction by Phosphorus-bonded Oxygen-Donor Solvents;55
7.8;Extraction of Ion-pairs Involving Bulky Ions;64
7.9;Extraction by High-molecular Weight Amines;67
7.10;Synergistic Extraction;81
7.11;References;89
8;CHAPTER 3.
Industrial Inorganic Processes;110
8.1;Extractive Metallurgy;113
8.2;Heavy Inorganic Chemical Industry;120
8.3;Water Desalination and Waste Disposal;123
8.4;Selection of Solvents for Industrial Processes;125
8.5;Acknowledgement;126
8.6;References;126
9;CHAPTER 4. Industrial Organic Processes;130
9.1;Petroleum and Petrochemicals Industries;130
9.2;Coal-tar Industry;138
9.3;Pharmaceutical Industry;144
9.4;Miscellaneous Processes;145
9.5;Difficult Separations by Extraction;152
9.6;Conclusions;154
9.7;References;154
10;CHAPTER 5.
Industrial Contacting Equipment;156
10.1;Types of Contacting Equipment;158
10.2;Discrete Stage Contactors;159
10.3;Continuous Differential Contactors;168
10.4;Centrifugal Contactors;175
10.5;Choice of Contactors;178
10.6;Ancillary Equipment;180
10.7;References;184
11;CHAPTER 6. Response Characteristics and Control of Extraction Processes;186
11.1;Concentration Profiles;190
11.2;Control;203
11.3;General Conclusions;211
11.4;References;212
12;CHAPTER 7.
Calculation of Contactors with Longitudinal Mixing;214
12.1;Stage Model;218
12.2;Backflow Model;223
12.3;Diffusion Model;232
12.4;Combined Model with Forward Mixing;239
12.5;Approximate Calculation Methods;244
12.6;References;252
13;CHAPTER 8.
The Study of Longitudinal Mixing in Liquid-Liquid Contactors;254
13.1;Spray Columns;259
13.2;Packed Columns;263
13.3;Pulsed Packed Columns;271
13.4;Vibrating Plate Extractors;274
13.5;Pulsed Perforated-plate Columns;276
13.6;Rotating Disc Contactors;287
13.7;Oldshue-Rushton Columns;298
13.8;Conclusions;302
13.9;References;305
14;CHAPTER 9. Interfacial Phenomena;310
14.1;Interfacial Phenomena and Mass Transfer Coefficients;314
14.2;Interfacial Phenomena and Interfacial Area;375
14.3;References;381
15;CHAPTER 1 0. Mass Transfer to Drops;384
15.1;Formation;386
15.2;Release;397
15.3;Formed Drops;398
15.4;Coalescence;417
15.5;Bibliography;419
15.6;References;419
16;CHAPTER 11. Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer;424
16.1;Theory;427
16.2;Experimental;432
16.3;References;443
17;CHAPTER 12. Mass Transfer with Simultaneous Chemical Reaction;446
17.1;Liquid-Liquid Reactions;448
17.2;Generalized Treatments;449
17.3;Continuous Reactors;455
17.4;Aromatic Nitration;457
17.5;Other Reactions;465
17.6;Criteria of Mass Transfer or Kinetic Control;466
17.7;Conclusions;469
17.8;References;469
18;CHAPTER 13. Heat Transfer by Direct Liquid-Liquid Contact;472
18.1;Heat Transfer to Single Drops in Immiscible Media;475
18.2;Heat Transfer in Counter-current Liquid-Liquid Heat Exchangers;489
18.3;Heat Transfer in Co-current Flow;503
18.4;Acknowledgement;508
18.5;References;509
19;CHAPTER 14. Coalescence of Liquid Droplets and Liquid Dispersion;512
19.1;1. Introduction;515
19.2;2. Coalescence of a Drop at a Liquid Interface;516
19.3;3. Inter-drop Coalescence;547
19.4;4. Coalescence and Separation of Droplet Dispersions;559
19.5;5. Coalescence of Droplets on Solid Surfaces and in Packings;572
19.6;6. Coalescence in Agitated Systems;581
19.7;References;598