Haresign / Cole Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-0028-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 296 Seiten, Web PDF

Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition - 1985 focuses on the different compositions of animal feeds. The book first discusses the prediction of energy value of compound seeds. Existing methods for the prediction of metabolizable energy (ME) or digestible energy (DE) from chemical composition; poultry and pig compound feeds; ruminant compound feeds; and technical and analytical variation in the chemical composition of compound feeds are described. The text also looks at the fiber content of animal feeds, the influence of fiber on digestibility of poultry feeds, and the role of dietary fiber in pig diets. The book highlights the effect of fiber in compound feeds on the performance of ruminants. Feed intake and rumen fermentation; digestibility and energetic feeding value; and milk production and composition are considered. The text also discusses the response of pregnant animals to protein and energy intake. The book also underscores developments on anticoccidial agents for poultry. The effect of coccidiosis on growth rate and feed conversion efficiency; development of resistance to anticoccidiosis products; and continual use of ionophore anticoccidial products are considered. The text also discusses eggshell formation and quality, seasonal variation of appetite in ruminants, and photoperiodic influences on milk production in dairy cows. The book is valuable for readers interested in studying the varying compositions of animal feeds.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Haresign, W.

Cole, D. J. A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition—1985;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Preface;6
6;Part I: General Nutrition;10
6.1;CHAPTER 1. PREDICTION OF THE ENERGY VALUE OF COMPOUND FEEDS;12
6.1.1;Introduction;12
6.1.2;Glossary of terms used and abbreviations;13
6.1.3;Existing methods for the prediction of ME or DE from chemical composition;14
6.1.4;Ruminant compound feeds;15
6.1.5;Poultry compound feeds;16
6.1.6;Pig compound feeds;18
6.1.7;Analytical studies;20
6.1.8;Technical and analytical variation in the chemical composition of compound feeds; practical aspects;23
6.1.9;Calculation of variation in the energy value of compound feedingstuffs predicted from check analyses or analytical declarations;27
6.1.10;Criteria for choice of recommended equations;37
6.1.11;Recommended prediction equations;37
6.1.12;Remaining problems;45
6.2;Appendix I: INTERLABORATORY VARIATION FOR SPECIFIC ANALYTICAL METHODS, AND ITS EFFECTS UPON THE RANKING OF PREDICTION EQUATIONS FOR GENERAL USE;54
6.2.1;CALCULATION OF S' AND S";55
6.2.2;DERIVATION OF THE FORMULA FOR S';55
6.2.3;DERIVATION OF THE FORMULA FOR S ";56
6.3;Appendix II: THE USE OF NEUTRAL DETERGENT AND ENZYMES TO PREDICT THE DIGESTIBILITY OF FEEDINGSTUFFS;58
6.3.1;PRINCIPLE;58
6.3.2;DETERMINATION;58
6.3.3;NOTES ON CELLULASE ENZYME;60
6.3.4;References;60
7;Part II: Fibre in Animal Feeds;62
7.1;CHAPTER 2. DEFINITION OF FIBRE IN ANIMAL FEEDS;64
7.1.1;Current definitions of fibre;65
7.1.2;Differences in animal species;66
7.1.3;Variation in fibre;69
7.1.4;Chemical structure and uniformity of fibre;71
7.1.5;Physical properties and physiological effects;73
7.1.6;Conclusions;76
7.1.7;References;77
7.2;CHAPTER 3. INFLUENCE OF FIBRE ON DIGESTIBILITY OF POULTRY FEEDS;80
7.2.1;Characteristics of fibre in feedstuffs;80
7.2.2;Prediction of feeding value of feeds and feedstuffs;83
7.2.3;Discussion;90
7.2.4;Conclusions;93
7.2.5;References;93
7.3;CHAPTER 4. ROLE OF DIETARY FIBRE IN PIG DIETS;96
7.3.1;Introduction;96
7.3.2;Definitions of dietary fibre;96
7.3.3;Some properties of dietary fibre;97
7.3.4;Analytical methods;97
7.3.5;Fibre and the digestive processes;99
7.3.6;Large intestine;104
7.3.7;Volatile fatty acids (VFA);106
7.3.8;Influence of dietary fibre on nutrient absorption in the large intestine;108
7.3.9;Influence of dietary fibre on nutrient digestibility measured overall;109
7.3.10;Influence of dietary fibre on overall transit time;111
7.3.11;Effects of dietary fibre on the whole animal;112
7.3.12;Conclusions;117
7.3.13;References;117
7.4;CHAPTER 5. EFFECT OF FIBRE IN COMPOUND FEEDS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RUMINANTS;122
7.4.1;Introduction;122
7.4.2;Feed intake and rumen fermentation;124
7.4.3;Digestibility and energetic feeding value;129
7.4.4;Milk production and milk composition;134
7.4.5;Conclusions;136
7.4.6;References;136
8;Part Ill: Pig Nutrition;140
8.1;CHAPTER 6. STRATEGIES FOR SOW NUTRITION: PREDICTING THE RESPONSE OF PREGNANT ANIMALS TO PROTEIN AND ENERGY INTAKE;142
8.1.1;Introduction;142
8.1.2;Partition of nutrients;143
8.1.3;Validation of the model;149
8.1.4;Differences between observed and predicted values;152
8.1.5;Predictions from the model and possible consequences;153
8.1.6;Acknowledgements;155
8.1.7;References;155
8.2;CHAPTER 7. NUTRITIONAL MANIPULATION OF CARCASS QUALITY IN PIGS;158
8.2.1;Introduction;158
8.2.2;Aspects of grading standards;159
8.2.3;Nutrition and fatness;161
8.2.4;Conclusion;164
8.2.5;References;165
8.3;CHAPTER 8. CONSEQUENCES OF CHANGES IN CARCASS COMPOSITION ON MEAT QUALITY;166
8.3.1;Introduction;166
8.3.2;Definition of meat quality and the role of fat;166
8.3.3;Composition and quality of fat tissue;171
8.3.4;Conclusions;174
8.3.5;References;174
9;Part IV: Poultry Nutrition;176
9.1;CHAPTER 9. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIELD OF ANTICOCCIDIAL AGENTS FOR POULTRY;178
9.1.1;Introduction;178
9.1.2;The manner of coccidiosis occurrence in broiler chicks;178
9.1.3;Effect of coccidiosis on growth rate and feed conversion efficiency;180
9.1.4;Pharmaceuticals for the prevention of coccidiosis;181
9.1.5;The development of resistance to anticoccidiosis products;182
9.1.6;The problems of continual use of ionophore anticoccidial products;183
9.1.7;The interrupted use of anticoccidial products;185
9.1.8;An action plan for the use of anticoccidial products;186
9.2;CHAPTER 10. EGGSHELL FORMATION AND QUALITY;190
9.2.1;Introduction;190
9.2.2;Variation in shell quality;191
9.2.3;Shell formation and calcium supply;195
9.2.4;Phosphorus and shell formation;197
9.2.5;Vitamin D;200
9.2.6;Implications;200
9.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;203
9.2.8;References;203
10;Part V: Ruminant Nutrition;206
10.1;CHAPTER 11. SEASONAL VARIATION OF APPETITE IN RUMINANTS;208
10.1.1;Introduction;208
10.1.2;Seasonal cycles;210
10.1.3;The appetite cycle;210
10.1.4;Appetite and breeding cycles;213
10.1.5;Appetite and metabolism cycles;213
10.1.6;Appetite and growth;214
10.1.7;Conclusion;217
10.1.8;References;217
10.2;CHAPTER 12. PHOTOPERIODIC INFLUENCES ON MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY COWS;220
10.2.1;Introduction;220
10.2.2;Milk yield response to photoperiod;220
10.2.3;Milk fat response to photoperiod;223
10.2.4;Mammary growth response to photoperiod;223
10.2.5;Feed intake and eating pattern response to photoperiod;224
10.2.6;Economics of milk yield response to photoperiod;225
10.2.7;Reproduction and photoperiod;225
10.2.8;Hormonal mediation of photoperiodic signals;226
10.2.9;Some unsolved problems;228
10.2.10;Conclusion;229
10.2.11;Acknowledgements;229
10.2.12;References;229
10.3;CHAPTER 13. FACTORS AFFECTING THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF GRASS SILAGES;232
10.3.1;Introduction;232
10.3.2;Nutritive value of silages;240
10.3.3;Animal production from silage;252
10.3.4;Silage production;232
10.3.5;Conclusions;257
10.3.6;Acknowledgements;259
10.3.7;References;260
10.4;CHAPTER 14. AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF RUMINANTS;266
10.4.1;Introduction;266
10.4.2;Essential amino acids for ruminants;266
10.4.3;Factorial assessment of amino acid requirements;267
10.4.4;Amino acid profile of duodenal digesta;268
10.4.5;The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants;269
10.4.6;Amino acids limiting milk production;270
10.4.7;Direct measurements of amino acid requirements of ruminants;271
10.4.8;Cysteine production from methionine;271
10.4.9;Protecting amino acids from degradation;274
10.4.10;Responses to feeding protected methionine;274
10.4.11;Responses of rumen micro-organisms to amino acids;277
10.4.12;Conclusions;278
10.4.13;References;278
11;LIST OF PARTICIPANTS;282
12;INDEX;294