Haresign / Cole Recent Developments in Ruminant Nutrition - 2

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-0352-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 396 Seiten, Web PDF

Recent Developments in Ruminant Nutrition - 2 presents papers that discuss the advances in the different areas of ruminant nutrition. The book is comprised of 22 chapters that discuss topics such as milk production, health, and nutrition. The coverage of the text includes meeting the nutrient requirements of beef cattle in forage-based systems of production; nutrient requirements of intensively reared beef cattle; and feeding for high margins in dairy cows. The book also tackles issues concerning milk production such as photoperiodic influences on milk production in dairy cows; manipulation of milk yield with growth hormone; and the influence of level and pattern of concentrate input on milk output. The text will be of great use to researchers and professionals in the animal husbandry industry.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Haresign, W.

Cole, D. J. A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Recent Developments in Ruminant Nutrition – 2;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Introduction;9
6;CHAPTER 1. MANIPULATION OF RUMEN FERMENTATION;10
6.1;Survey of chemical agents;11
6.2;Effects of chemical agents on fermentative and hydrolytic digestion;12
6.3;Effects of chemical agents on utilization of dietary energy and protein;16
6.4;Responses of animal performance to chemical agents;17
6.5;Effects of diet;21
6.6;Conclusion;22
6.7;References;23
7;CHAPTER 2. AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF RUMINANTS;28
7.1;Introduction;28
7.2;Essential amino acids for ruminants;28
7.3;Factorial assessment of amino acid requirements;29
7.4;Amino acid profile of duodenal digesta;30
7.5;The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants;31
7.6;Amino acids limiting milk production;32
7.7;Direct measurements of amino acid requirements of ruminants;33
7.8;Cysteine production from methionine;33
7.9;Protecting amino acids from degradation;36
7.10;Responses to feeding protected methionine;36
7.11;Responses of rumen micro-organisms to amino acids;39
7.12;Conclusions;40
7.13;References;40
8;CHAPTER 3. SEASONAL VARIATION OF APPETITE IN RUMINANTS;43
8.1;Introduction;43
8.2;Seasonal cycles;45
8.3;The appetite cycle;45
8.4;Appetite and breeding cycles;48
8.5;Appetite and metabolism cycles;48
8.6;Appetite and growth;49
8.7;Conclusion;52
8.8;References;52
9;CHAPTER 4. PHOTOPERIODIC INFLUENCES ON MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY COWS;55
9.1;Introduction;55
9.2;Milk yield response to photoperiod;55
9.3;Milk fat response to photoperiod;58
9.4;Mammary growth response to photoperiod;58
9.5;Feed intake and eating pattern response to photoperiod;59
9.6;Economics of milk yield response to photoperiod;60
9.7;Reproduction and photoperiod;60
9.8;Hormonal mediation of photoperiodic signals;61
9.9;Some unsolved problems;63
9.10;Conclusion;64
9.11;Acknowledgements;64
9.12;References;64
10;CHAPTER 5. MANIPULATION OF MILK YIELD WITH GROWTH HORMONE;66
10.1;Introduction;66
10.2;Endogenous GH and lactation potential;67
10.3;The galactopoietic action of exogenous bGH;67
10.4;Mechanisms underlying the galactopoietic effects of bGH;74
10.5;Future prospects for practical application;80
10.6;Acknowledgements;81
10.7;References;81
11;CHAPTER 6. THE INFLUENCE OF LEVEL AND PATTERN OF CONCENTRATE INPUT ON MILK OUTPUT;85
11.1;Introduction;85
11.2;Theory of response;86
11.3;Modification of the innate capacity of the cow through changes inpattern of feed distribution;98
11.4;Summary and conclusions;103
11.5;References;103
12;CHAPTER 7. CONCENTRATE FEEDING AND MILK COMPOSITION;106
12.1;Basic factors affecting milk secretion;106
12.2;Feeding and milk composition;113
12.3;Manipulation of milk production;115
12.4;Conclusions;117
12.5;References;118
13;CHAPTER 8. THE EFFECT OF DIETARY FAT ON MILK COMPOSITION;120
13.1;Introduction;120
13.2;Biochemistry of milk fat synthesis;121
13.3;Digestion, absorption and metabolism of dietary lipids;122
13.4;Effects of dietary lipids on aspects of metabolism related to milk fatsynthesis;128
13.5;Dietary fat and milk secretion;131
13.6;Intake and efficiency of energy use;140
13.7;Practical considerations related to the development and use of lipid supplements in dairy rations;141
13.8;References;143
14;CHAPTER 9 EFFECT OF FIBRE IN COMPOUND FEEDS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RUMINANTS;151
14.1;Introduction;151
14.2;Feed intake and rumen fermentation;153
14.3;Digestibility and energetic feeding value;158
14.4;Milk production and milk composition;163
14.5;Conclusions;165
14.6;References;165
15;CHAPTER 10. MANIPULATION OF MILK COMPOSITION TO MEET MARKET NEEDS;168
15.1;Conversion of dietary nutrients to milk constituents;169
15.2;Assessment of responses to nutrient supply;174
15.3;Lactational responses to specific nutrients;175
15.4;Feeding and milk production;183
15.5;Conclusion: manipulation of milk composition to meet market needs;189
15.6;References;190
16;CHAPTER 11. EFFECT OF PROTEIN ON THE HEALTH OF DAIRY COWS;193
16.1;Introduction;193
16.2;Digestion of proteins;193
16.3;Nitrogen metabolism;195
16.4;Control of metabolism;196
16.5;Protein degradation and turnover;197
16.6;Metabolic disorders associated with excess nitrogen intake;198
16.7;Metabolic disorders associated with a low protein intake;202
16.8;Conclusion;203
16.9;References;203
17;CHAPTER 12. PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF FEEDING PROTEIN TO DAIRY COWS;205
17.1;Introduction;205
17.2;Rumen degradable protein: requirement and supply;206
17.3;Level and type of roughage;210
17.4;Composition of the compound feed;214
17.5;Feeding management on the farm;217
17.6;Practical consequences;218
17.7;References;219
18;CHAPTER 13. THE CONTRIBUTION OF GRASS AND CONSERVED FORAGES TO THE NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS FOR MILK PRODUCTION;222
18.1;Introduction;222
18.2;Trends in dairy herd performance;222
18.3;Contribution to energy requirements;223
18.4;Contribution to protein requirements;227
18.5;Contribution to mineral requirements;227
18.6;The future contribution of grass and conserved forage;228
18.7;Conclusions;230
18.8;References;230
19;CHAPTER 14. FACTORS AFFECTING SUBSTITUTION RATES IN DAIRY COWS ON SILAGE-BASED RATIONS;232
19.1;Introduction;232
19.2;Dietary factors;233
19.3;Animal factors;238
19.4;Prediction of substitution rate;239
19.5;Conclusions;242
19.6;Acknowledgements;243
19.7;References;243
20;CHAPTER 15. FEEDING FOR HIGH MARGINS IN DAIRY COWS;246
20.1;Introduction;246
20.2;Which margin is important;246
20.3;Use of feed resources;247
20.4;Grass and forage;249
20.5;Purchased feeds;250
20.6;Relationship between MOPF/ha and feed inputs;250
20.7;The management necessary to produce high margins;252
20.8;Conclusions;253
20.9;References;254
21;CHAPTER 16. SOME NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF HIGH YIELDING DAIRY HERDS;255
21.1;Introduction;255
21.2;3000 Gallon Club high yield survey (HY survey);258
21.3;Nutrient requirements;266
21.4;Conclusions;269
21.5;Acknowledgements;270
21.6;References;270
22;CHAPTER 17. FACTORS AFFECTING THE FEEDING VALUE OF SILAGE;274
22.1;Silage preservation;274
22.2;Silage digestibility;276
22.3;Fresh grass compared with silage;277
22.4;Dry matter content;278
22.5;References;281
23;CHAPTER 18. FACTORS AFFECTING THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF GRASS SILAGES;283
23.1;Introduction;283
23.2;Silage production;283
23.3;Nutritive value of silages;291
23.4;Animal production from silage;303
23.5;Conclusions;308
23.6;Acknowledgements;310
23.7;References;311
24;CHAPTER 19. GROWTH PROMOTERS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN RUMINANT LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION;317
24.1;Introduction;317
24.2;Efficiency of digestion in the rumen;319
24.3;The efficacy of antimicrobial feed additives with particular referenceto beef production;319
24.4;Mode of action of growth promoting feed additives in ruminants;322
24.5;Conclusions;329
24.6;References;329
25;CHAPTER 20. NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF INTENSIVELY-REARED BEEF CATTLE;332
25.1;Introduction;332
25.2;Evaluation of nutritional systems;333
25.3;Feed intake responses;335
25.4;Liveweight gain responses;340
25.5;Improvement of prediction;345
25.6;References;355
26;CHAPTER 21. MEETING THE NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF BEEF CATTLE IN FORAGE-BASED SYSTEMS OF PRODUCTION;361
26.1;Voluntary consumption of conserved forages;361
26.2;Voluntary consumption of pasture;363
26.3;Forage protein utilization;365
26.4;Energy supplementation;370
26.5;Conclusion;371
26.6;References;371
27;CHAPTER 22 ENERGY AND PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS OF THE EWE;374
27.1;Introduction;374
27.2;Acknowledgement;389
27.3;References;389
28;Index;392