Hartley Chemistry of the Platinum Group Metals

Recent Developments
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-0-08-093395-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 11, 642 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Studies in Inorganic Chemistry

The chemistry of platinum group metals is a rapidly expanding commercially important field. It is dominated by the catalytic properties of the metals. They are useful in petrochemical and general chemical plants and are becoming increasingly important as autocatalysts for pollution control. The book covers recent developments in the chemistry of the six platinum group metals, namely, platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium. The material falls into three broad areas. Firstly, the occurrence, extraction and use of the metals, especially in catalysis, electrochemistry, energy and electronics. Secondly, organometallic and homogeneous catalytic chemistry and last but not least coordination chemistry including biochemistry and cancer therapy. The work is aimed at scientists in universities and in industry using any of the six platinum group metals in research. It will be useful for those studying the compounds of the metals themselves, and those considering to use either the metals or their complexes and catalysts in their experimental work.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hartley, F. R.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Chemistry of the Platinum Group Metals: Recent Developments;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Contributors;8
6;Preface;9
7;Chapter 1. The Occurrence, Extraction, Properties and Uses of the Platinum Group Metals;10
7.1;1.1 Discovery;10
7.2;1.2 Occurrence;11
7.3;1.3 Extraction;14
7.4;1.4 Supply and Demand;14
7.5;1.5 Refining;18
7.6;1.6 Physical Properties;21
7.7;1.7 Chemical Properties;24
7.8;1.8 Uses;26
7.9;1.9 References;31
8;Chapter 2. General Introduction to Catalysis by Platinum Group Metals;33
8.1;2.1 Foundations of Catalysis;33
8.2;2.2 Chemisorption;37
8.3;2.3 Preparation and Description of Catalysts;45
8.4;2.4 Catalytic Reactions;51
8.5;2.5 Catalysis by the Platinum Group Metals;56
8.6;2.6 References;60
9;Chapter 3. Catalytic Combustion;61
9.1;3.1 Introduction;61
9.2;3.2 Factors affecting catalytic combustion;62
9.3;3.3 Applications of Catalytic Combustion;68
9.4;3.4 References;74
10;Chapter 4. Platinum Group Metal Catalysts in the Synthesis of Chemicals from Synthesis Gas;76
10.1;4.1 Introduction;76
10.2;4.2 Carbonylation of methanol and its derivatives;77
10.3;4.3 Carbonylation of methyl acetate and dimethyl ether to acetic anhydride;81
10.4;4.4 Homologation of oxygenates;83
10.5;4.5 Reductive carbonylation of methanol and its derivatives;86
10.6;4.6 Hydroformylation and hydroesterification;87
10.7;4.7 Preparation of ethylene glycol;91
10.8;4.8 Fischer-Tropsch Chemistry;94
10.9;4.9 Conclusions;96
10.10;4.10 References;97
11;Chapter 5. Recent Developments in Platinum Group Metal Catalysts in the Petrochemical Industry;107
11.1;5.1 Introduction;107
11.2;5.2 Major Processes;108
11.3;5.3 Minor Processes;115
11.4;5.4 Research Results;118
11.5;5.5 References;121
12;Chapter 6. Platinum Group Catalysis in Melts;125
12.1;6.1 Introduction;125
12.2;6.2 Synthesis gas processing;126
12.3;6.3 Short-chain fatty acids;138
12.4;6.4 Oxo alcohols and aldehydes;140
12.5;6.5 Fischer-Tropsch chemistry;142
12.6;6.6 Olefin hydrogenation;144
12.7;6.7 Chlorination and Oxidation;145
12.8;6.8 References;146
13;Chapter 7. C—H Bond Activation;148
13.1;7.1 Introduction;149
13.2;7.2 Agostic Bonding between a Carbon-Hydrogen Bond and a Transition Metal;150
13.3;7.3 Intramolecular Activation — Cyclometallation Reactions;152
13.4;7.4 Intermodular Activation — Reactions of Alkanes and Arenes with Platinum Metal Compounds;157
13.5;7.5 Intermodular Activation versus Intramolecular Activation;172
13.6;7.6 Activation by Metal Atoms and Metal Ions;174
13.7;7.7 References;177
14;Chapter 8. Oxidation;181
14.1;8.1 Introduction;182
14.2;8.2 Olefins;182
14.3;8.3 Alkynes;209
14.4;8.4 Aromatic Compounds;211
14.5;8.5 Alkanes;213
14.6;8.6 Alcohols;214
14.7;8.7 Ethers;220
14.8;8.8 Sulphides;222
14.9;8.9 Amines;223
14.10;8.10 References;226
15;Chapter 9. Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Platinum Group Carbonyls in Catalysis;237
15.1;9.1 Introduction;237
15.2;9.2 Photochemistry and photocatalysis;238
15.3;9.3 Electrochemistry and electrocatalysis;250
15.4;9.4 Supported metal carbonyls;254
15.5;9.5 Reduction reactions;258
15.6;9.6 Conclusions;261
15.7;9.7 References;262
16;Chapter 10. Electrochemical Applications of the Platinum Group: Metal Coated Anodes;268
16.1;10.1 Introduction;268
16.2;10.2 Anodic behaviour of the metals;271
16.3;10.3 Platinum group metal anode coatings;274
16.4;10.4 Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Anodes;296
16.5;10.5 References;296
17;Chapter 11. Platinum Group Metals in the Photodecomposition of Water;303
17.1;11.1 Introduction;303
17.2;11.2 Homogeneous Photochemical Systems;305
17.3;11.3 Heterogeneous Photochemical Systems;320
17.4;11.4 Hydrogen and Oxygen Redox Catalysts;324
17.5;11.5 References;332
18;Chapter 12. Organometallic and Homogeneous Catalytic Chemistry of Palladium and Platinum;339
18.1;12.1 Introduction;340
18.2;12.2 Preparation and Properties of Organometallic and Related Compounds;340
18.3;12.3 Mechanistic studies;365
18.4;12.4 Applications of organometallic and related compounds;377
18.5;12.5 References;393
19;Chapter 13. Organometallic and Homogeneous Catalytic Chemistry of Rhodium and Iridium;408
19.1;13.1 Introduction;409
19.2;13.2 Isotope exchange and isomerization;409
19.3;13.3 Hydrogenation;415
19.4;13.4 Asymmetric hydrogenation;421
19.5;13.5 Dehydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation;425
19.6;13.6 Hydroformylation;429
19.7;13.7 Hydrosilylation;435
19.8;13.8 Decarbonylation and carbonylation;439
19.9;13.9 Reactions of diazocompounds;444
19.10;13.10 Miscellaneous reactions;452
19.11;13.11 References;457
20;Chapter 14. Recent Developments in the Chemistry of the Platinum Metals in High Oxidation States;471
20.1;14.1 Introduction;471
20.2;14.2 Binary Halides;473
20.3;14.3 Oxides and Oxoanions;479
20.4;14.4 Ruthenium Coordination Complexes;483
20.5;14.5 Rhodium Coordination Complexes;489
20.6;14.6 Palladium(IV) Coordination Complexes;491
20.7;14.7 Osmium Coordination Complexes;494
20.8;14.8 Indium (IV) and (V) Coordination Complexes;504
20.9;14.9 Platinum(IV) Coordination Complexes;507
20.10;14.10 Palladium(III) and Platinum(III) Complexes;514
20.11;14.11 References;517
21;Chapter 15. Amino-Acid and Peptide Complexes of Platinum Group Metals;531
21.1;15.1 Introduction;531
21.2;15.2 Palladium and Platinum Complexes;533
21.3;15.3 Other Platinum Metals;540
21.4;15.4 References;543
22;Chapter 16. Cancer Chemotherapy Involving Platinum and other Platinum Group Complexes;547
22.1;16.1 Introduction;547
22.2;16.2 The anti-tumour activity of platinum complexes;550
22.3;16.3 Chemotheraphy with platinum complexes;565
22.4;16.4 Development of new platinum complexes;571
22.5;16.5 The anti-tumour activity of other platinum group metal complexes;583
22.6;16.6 References;587
23;Chapter 17. Platinum Group Metals in Electronics;595
23.1;17.1 Introduction;595
23.2;17.2 Thin Film Technology;597
23.3;17.3 Thick Film Technology;610
23.4;17.4 High Temperature Superconductors and the PGMs;614
23.5;17.5 Novel Electronic Materials Containing the PGM';616
23.6;17.6 References;617
24;Subject Index;622