Heat Shock Proteins and Whole Body Physiology

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-90-481-3381-9
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 430 Seiten

Heat Shock Proteins and Whole Body Physiology is an exciting new book in the Heat Shock Proteins series which provides the most up-to-date review on novel mechanisms insights into the important role played by heat shock proteins in human physiology. Written by leaders in the field of heat shock protein exercise physiology, neuroscience and aging, the chapters systematically and in a step wise fashion takes the reader through the fascinating mechanisms by which heat shock proteins modulate human disease and pathophysiology and provides answers as to its biological significance to the host. Section I, introduces the readers to the role played by heat shock proteins in various diseases and disorders (Heat Shock Proteins and Disease). Section II, addresses the role heat shock proteins play in psychological disorders including post traumatic stress disorders and learning (Heat Shock Proteins and Psychological Stress). Section III, present a detailed review of the role played by heat shock proteins in exercise physiology (Heat Shock Proteins and Exercise Physiology). This book is a must read for heat shock protein researchers, graduate and postgraduate fellows in the field of Medicine in general and specialities in Excersie Physiology, Neuroscience, Immunology, Aging and Pathology.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Table of Contents;8
3;List of Contributors;11
4;Part I Heat Shock Proteins and Disease;16
5;1 HSP and Diabetes;17
5.1;Introduction;18
5.2;Hsp Mechanism Of Induction;18
5.3;Hsp Expression In Insulin Resistance And Diabetes;11
5.4;Early Signs Of An Involvement Of Hsp72 In The Etiology Of Type 2 Diabetes;20
5.5;Obesity, Inflammation And Insulin Resistance;20
5.6;Mechanisms Of Insulin Signalling;21
5.7;Inflammatory Kinases And The Disruption Of Insulin Signalling;22
5.8;Hsp And Inflammation;23
5.9;Hsp72 And The Prevention Of Insulin Resistance;24
5.9.1;Heat Therapy, JNK Phosphorylation and Insulin Sensitivity;24
5.9.2;Genetic Over-Expression of Hsp72 and HFD-Induced Insulin Resistance;24
5.9.3;Pharmacological Induction of Hsp72, JNK Phosphorylation and Insulin Resistance;25
5.9.4;HSP72, Mitochondria and Insulin Resistance;25
5.10;Hsp, Jnk, Cell Apoptosis;26
5.11;Heat Shock Proteins And The Stress Of Diabetes;27
5.12;Hsp And Autoimmunity Of Type I Diabetes;27
5.13;CONCLUSION;28
5.14;REFERENCES;28
6;2 Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes;33
6.1;Introduction;33
6.2;Body Mass Index (BMI);35
6.3;Bmi And Obesity;36
6.4;Bmi And Hsp;36
6.5;Obesity And Inflammation;37
6.6;Obesity And Cancer;38
6.7;Hsp And Type 2 Diabetes;38
6.8;CONCLUSION;39
6.9; Acknowledgements ;40
6.10;REFERENCES;40
7;3 Multifaceted Role of Heat Stress Proteins in the Kidney;44
7.1;INTRODUCTION;45
7.2;Renal Epithelial Cell Injury, Death And Organ Dysfunction;46
7.3;Hsp And Renal Cell Necrosis;47
7.4;Oxidative Stress/Reactive Oxygen Species;49
7.5;Hsp And Sublethal Renal Injury;50
7.6;Renal Inflammation And Hsp;51
7.7;Role Of Hsp In Renal Transplantation;53
7.8;Hsp As Anti-Apoptotic Proteins;54
7.9;Apoptosis Versus Necrosis In Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury (AKI);55
7.10;Hsp And Osmolar Stress;57
7.11;CONCLUSION;59
7.12;REFERENCES;59
8;4 Heat Shock Protein and Inflammation;69
8.1;INTRODUCTION;69
8.2;Hsp Are Anti-Inflammatory;70
8.2.1;HSP Induction: How do HSP Directly Alter Cytokines?;71
8.2.2;Are HSP Involved in Muscle IL-6 Production?;73
8.2.3;HSF-1 as Non-HSP Transcription Factor Influences Inflammation;73
8.2.4;Glutamine (GLN) as HSF-1 Inducer;74
8.3;Hsp Alter Cytokine Tolerance;77
8.4;Hsp70 And Gut Permeability;78
8.5;Hsp Are Pro-Inflammatory;79
8.6;The Mechanism Of Hsp Release;80
8.7;How Does Hsp70 Induce Inflammation?;81
8.7.1;Cytokine Response Through TLR Activation;82
8.7.2;Enhanced Antigen Uptake and Presentation of HSP-Peptide Complexes;82
8.7.3;NK Cell Activation;82
8.8;Understanding The Paradox Of The Pro- And Anti-Inflammatory Actions Of Hsp: The Hsp-Virus Connection;82
8.9;Disease And Pathologic States;83
8.9.1;Sepsis;83
8.9.2;Heat Stroke-Associated Inflammation;84
8.9.3;Aging Susceptibility to Heat Injury/SIRS;85
8.9.4;Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD);86
8.10;The Immuno-Physiology Of Adaptation;86
8.10.1;Heat Acclimation and Adaptation;87
8.11;CONCLUSION;88
8.12;REFERENCES;89
9;5 HSP Reactive T Cells are Anti-Inflammatory and Disease Suppressive in Arthritic Diseases;96
9.1;INTRODUCTION;97
9.2;Experimental Models For Ra;97
9.3;The Essential Contribution Of Animal Models In Antigen Specific Immunotherapies;99
9.4;Self Hsp Cross-Reactive T Cells Have Anti-Inflammatory Regulatory Activity;100
9.5;Why Are Self-Hsp Responsive T Cells Protective In Arthritis?;101
9.6;Treg And Targeting Regulation To Self Antigen In Autoimmune Disease;102
9.7;The Immunomodulatory Effects Of Hsp On Apc;104
9.8;Bridging The Translational Gap Between Model And Disease In Antigen Specific Immune Interventions;106
9.9;Good Chances For Hsp Directed Immune Modulation As A Novel Addition To Clinical Arthritis Suppressive Therapies;107
9.10;REFERENCES;108
10;6 Heat Shock Proteins in Vascular Disease;113
10.1;INTRODUCTION;113
10.2;Hsp and Atherosclerosis;115
10.3;Carotid Disease;117
10.4;Coronary Disease;119
10.5;Aortic Disease;122
10.6;Peripheral Vascular Disease;123
10.7;Conclusion;124
10.8;References;125
11;7 Heat Shock Proteins and Cancer;130
11.1;Introduction;130
11.2;Breast Cancer;131
11.3;Liver Cancer;134
11.4;Colon Cancer;136
11.5;Lung Cancer;136
11.6;Prostate Cancer;138
11.7;Conclusion;139
11.8;Acknowledgements;140
11.9;REFERENCES;141
12;8 Heat Shock Protein (HSP)-Based Immunotherapies;144
12.1;Introduction;145
12.2;Hsp-Peptide Complexes (Hsppc) As Immunotherapy For Cancer;146
12.3;Hsp-Based Dna Vaccines;149
12.4;Hsp As Targets For Cancer Treatments;150
12.5;Hsp As Immunotherapy For Autoimmune Diseases;152
12.6;Conclusion;154
12.7;Acknowledgements;154
12.8;References;154
13;9 Heat Shock Proteins and Fertility;159
13.1;Introduction;160
13.2;Spermatogenesis;160
13.3;Fertilization;162
13.4;Oogenesis;162
13.5;Female Reproductive Tract Infection And Fertility;163
13.6;Preimplantation Embryo Development;163
13.7;Chlamydia Trachomatis Genital Tract Infection;164
13.8;Amniotic Fluid;165
13.9;Conclusion;167
13.10;References;167
14;10 Heat Shock Proteins and Diarrhea Causing Microorganisms: Emergence of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli;171
14.1;INTRODUCTION;172
14.2;CAUSES OF DIARRHEA: ROLE OF ACID STRESS;173
14.3;BACTERIAL MITOCHONDRIAL HSP;175
14.4;CONCLUSION;178
14.5;Acknowledgements;179
14.6;REFERENCES;179
15;Part II Heat Shock Proteins and Psychological Stress;184
16;11 Heat Shock Proteins and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder;185
16.1;Introduction;185
16.2;Expression Of Hsp s In Cns;186
16.2.1;Hsp90 Expression in the CNS;186
16.2.2;Hsp70 Expression in the CNS;187
16.2.3;Hsp60 Expression in the CNS;187
16.2.4;Hsp40 Expression in the CNS;188
16.3;Role Of Hsp In Gr Translocation And P11 Gene Expression;188
16.4;Role Of Hsps In Gr Translocation And Mitochondrial Function;190
16.5;Conclusion;193
16.6;Acknowledgments;195
16.7;REFERENCES;196
17;12 In Vivo Tissue Source and Releasing Signal for Endogenous Extracellular Hsp72;199
17.1;Introduction;199
17.2;Stress And Extracellular Hsp72;201
17.3;Releasing Signals And Secretory Pathways Of Extracellular Hsp72: Overview;202
17.4;Releasing Signals And Secretory Pathways Of Extracellular Hsp72: Exosomal Release;202
17.5;Releasing Signals And Secretory Pathways Of Extracellular Hsp72: Adr-Mediated Release;203
17.6;Immune Modulatory Effects Of Ehsp72;204
17.7;ehsp72 And Lps: In Vitro Versus In Vivo;206
17.8;Stress, Bacterial Translocation And The Ehsp72/Lps Complex;207
17.9;Conclusion;212
17.10;References;214
18;13 The 70 kDa Heat Shock Protein Family and Learning;222
18.1;Introduction;222
18.2;Learning-Related Changes In 70Kda Hsp Family;224
18.2.1;HSP72 is Induced in the Cerebellum Following Active Avoidance Learning;224
18.2.2;HSP72 is Induced in the Hippocampus Following Inhibitory Avoidance Learning;226
18.2.3;Water-Maze Training Enhances Expression of the Constitutive HSC70 in the Hippocampus;229
18.2.4;Radial Maze Learning Induces HSP72 Expression in the Hippocampus Independently from Exposure to Stress;230
18.3;Heat Shock-Induced Changes In Learning;233
18.3.1;Heat Shock Prevents Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia;234
18.3.2;Heat Shock Prevents Scopolamine-Induced Disruption of Long-Term Potentiation;234
18.3.3; Heat Shock Disrupts Habituation in Caenorhabditis Elegans ;235
18.4;Hsp Expression In The Brain: Specific Versus Non Specific Learning Effects;237
18.4.1;Stress, Motor Activity, Learning and Hsp72 Expression: How to Disentangle Specific from Non-Specific Learning Effects;237
18.4.2;70 kDa HSP and Learning-Associated Changes in Synaptic Activity;238
18.4.3;Dysregulation of HSP70 Expression is Associated with Cognitive Diseases;239
18.5;Conclusion;240
18.6; REFERENCES ;241
19;Part III Heat Shock Proteins and Exercise Physiology;246
20;14 HSP, Exercise, and Antioxidants;247
20.1;Introduction;247
20.2;Exercise And Heat Shock Proteins;248
20.3;Exercise, Hsp And Free Oxygen Radicals;249
20.4;Other Mediators Of Exercise-Induced Regulation Of Hsp;252
20.5;Conclusion;253
20.6;REFERENCES;253
21;15 Exercise Intensity and Duration Affect Blood-Soluble HSP72;257
21.1;INTRODUCTION;257
21.2;Exercise Intensity And Duration For Secretion Of Hsp72;258
21.3;Potential Mechanisms Of Exercise-Induced Ehsp72 Elevation;261
21.3.1;Passive or Active Mechanisms?;261
21.3.2;How Is Hsp72 Released?;262
21.3.3;Potential Sources of eHsp72;264
21.4;Functional Consequences In Immune System;264
21.5;CONCLUSION;265
21.6;REFERENCES;266
22;16 Ultra Marathon Race Competition and Immune Function;270
22.1;Introduction;270
22.2;The 160-Km Western States Endurance Run;271
22.3;Major Findings From The Wser Research Projects;272
22.4;Upper Respiratory Tract Infections;272
22.5;Plasma Cytokine Levels;275
22.6;Predictors Of Variance In Plasma Cytokine Changes;277
22.7;Negative Effects Of Ibuprofen Use;279
22.8;Conclusion;283
22.9;References;284
23;17 HSP, Exercise and Skeletal Muscle;287
23.1;INTRODUCTION;287
23.2;Skeletal Muscle, Hsp And Adaptation To Exercise;288
23.3;Fibre Type Differences In Hsp Basal State;289
23.4;Exercise Induced Changes In Hsp;293
23.4.1;Skeletal Muscle Tissue;293
23.4.2;Blood Vessels;295
23.4.3;Motor Nerves;297
23.5;Intracellular Signaling And Exercise-Induced Activation Of Hsp Expression;298
23.6;Physiological Importance Of Hsp In Skeletal Muscle;302
23.6.1;Ischemia-Reperfusion;302
23.6.2;Fatigue;303
23.6.3;Hypertrophy/Atrophy;304
23.6.4;Alternate HSP Therapies in Muscle;306
23.7;Conclusion;307
23.8;Acknowledgements;307
23.9;References;307
24;18 Circulating HSP70 as an Endogenous Cytoprotector?;319
24.1;INTRODUCTION;319
24.1.1;Stress Protein Release and Circulating Stress Proteins;320
24.1.2;Release of Stress Proteins;321
24.1.3;Circulating Stress Proteins and Cardiovascular Disease;322
24.1.4;The Cytoprotective Effects of Extracellular Stress Proteins;324
24.2;CONCLUSION;324
24.3;REFERENCES;325
25;19 72 kDa Extracellular Heat Shock Protein (eHsp72), Norepinephrine (NE), and the Innate Immune Response Following Moderate Exercise;329
25.1;Introduction;330
25.2;Exercise, Stress, Immune System, and Health;330
25.3;Role of Norepinephrine (Ne) in the Neuroimmunomodulation During Moderate Exercise;332
25.4;Extracellular Hsp70 During Exercise-Induced Stress;338
25.4.1;Exercise-Induced Release of Hsp72: Role of NE as Releasing Signals;338
25.5;Role of Ehsp72 as Stress Mediator or Messenger of Stress in the Stimulated Innate Response During Moderate Exercise;341
25.6;Interaction Between Ne and Ehsp72 in the Modulation of Neutrophils During Moderate Exercise: Model of Conjoint Action of Ne and Ehsp72 During a Possible Pathogen Challenge;344
25.7;CONCLUSION;346
25.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;348
25.9;References;348
26;20 Molecular Chaperones as Mediators of Stress Protective Effect of Plant Adaptogens;353
26.1;Introduction;353
26.2;Effect of Adaptogens on Endurance: Studies of Adapt-232 Forte;354
26.3;Adaptive Stress Response: Effect of Hormetins and Adaptogens;357
26.4;Role of Heat Shock Proteins;360
26.5;Acknowledgements;363
26.6; References ;364
27;21 Biochemical Changes in Response to Intensive Resistance Exercise Training in the Elderly;367
27.1;INTRODUCTION;367
27.2;Factors Contributing To Sarcopenia;368
27.3;Sarcopenia and Altered Cytoprotective Mechanisms;370
27.4;Resistance Exercise To Counter Sarcopenia;372
27.5;Hsp-Response To Physical Exercise In The Elderly;373
27.6;Animal Studies;373
27.7;Human Studies;378
27.8;CONCLUSION;381
27.9;APPENDIX;382
27.10;REFERENCES;382
28;22 Heat Shock Proteins, Exercise, and Aging;388
28.1;INTRODUCTION;388
28.2;Effects of Muscle Loading and Activity (i.e. Exercise) on Hsp Expression;390
28.3;Effects of Muscle Loading and Activity on Hsp Expression: Effects of Aging;392
28.4;Mechanisms for the Protective Effects of Hsp in Aging Muscle Nuclear Factor-B (NF-B) ;395
28.4.1;Caspases;396
28.5;CONCLUSION;396
28.6;REFERENCES;397
29;23 Hsp60 and Hsp10 in Ageing;402
29.1;INTRODUCTION;403
29.2;Molecular Versus Clinical Chaperonopathies;405
29.3;Chaperonins: Evolution, Groups, Location, Genes, Structure;406
29.4;Extracellular Chaperones and the Immune System;407
29.5;Cell Senescence and Disease;408
29.6;Atherosclerosis and Coronary Disease;410
29.7;Other Age-Related Cardiac Diseases;412
29.8;Neurodegenerative Diseases;414
29.9;Degenerative Joint Diseases;415
29.10;Other Pathologies;416
29.11;CONCLUSIONS;417
29.12;Roadmap for the Future;418
29.13;Acknowledgements;419
29.14;REFERENCES;419
30;Index;428