Heineman / Karube / Schmid Biosensors 92 Proceedings

The Second World Congress on Biosensors
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9717-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 572 Seiten, Web PDF

Keeping up to date with new biosensors developments has been getting harder ... - one of the fastest moving fields of academic and industrial research in the world - a constant stream of new commercial applications - centres of research excellence all over Europe, North America and the Pacific Rim - enormous implications for monitoring personal health and fitness, the food we eat, the environment, health services and industry The answer came on 20-22 May 1992, with BIOSENSORS 92. With a core of invited speakers and over 220 original contributed papers from 24 countries, BIOSENSORS 92 was the largest and most comprehensive event of its kind - a response to the growing importance of biosensors as a powerful new technology. Elsevier Advanced Technology, the organizers of BIOSENSORS 92, have now published the proceedings of this important event. Biosensors 92 Proceedings contains over 150 papers presenting current research and developments straight from those who are leading the way in: - Enzyme-based Sensors - Affinity Sensors - Environmental Monitoring using Biosensors - Biosensors and Bioelectronics Biosensors 92 Proceedings - Your key to current awareness in sensor technology for just £90 [dollar rate subject to current £/$ exchange rate].

Autoren/Hrsg.

Heineman, W. R.

Karube, I.

Schmid, R. D.

Turner, A. P. F.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Biosensors '92 Proceedings;2
3;Copyright Page;3
4;Table of Contents;4
5;PART I: SYMPOSIUM I: ENZYME-BASED SENSORS ORAL PRESENTATIONS;16
5.1;CHAPTER 1.ENZYME - BASED (FIBRE) OPTIC SENSORS;18
5.2;CHAPTER 2. Luciferase-based sensors;19
5.2.1;1. INTRODUCTION;19
5.2.2;2. ENZYM E SOURCE S;20
5.2.3;3. DESIGN OF THE LUCIFERASE-BIOSENSOR;21
5.2.4;4. PREPARATION OF THE SENSING TIP;22
5.2.5;5. POTENTIALITIES AND PERFORMANCES OF THE LUCIFERASE BASED BIOSENSOR;23
5.2.6;6. CONCLUSIONS AND TRENDS;25
5.2.7;7. REFERENCES;25
5.3;CHAPTER 3. Chemically Constructed Amperometric Ultramicrobiosensors;27
5.3.1;1. INTRODUCTION;27
5.3.2;2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;28
5.3.3;3. CONCLUSION;33
5.3.4;REFERENCES;34
5.4;CHAPTER 4. Modelling of processes in enzyme electrodes;35
5.4.1;1. INTRODUCTIO N;35
5.4.2;2. THE PROBLEM;36
5.4.3;3. HOMOGENEOUS MEDIATION;37
5.4.4;4. MEMBRANE ENZYME ELECTRODES;39
5.4.5;5. ENZYME MEMBRANE ELECTRODES;40
5.4.6;6. CONCLUSION;41
5.4.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;41
5.4.8;REFERENCES;41
5.5;CHAPTER 5. A COMPARISON : SENSING OF ETHANOL BY MEANS OF ENZYMATIC RECOGNITION AND BY CHEMICAL RECOGNITION IN AN OPTODE;43
5.5.1;Introduction;43
5.5.2;Experimental and Application;45
5.5.3;Results and Discussion;46
5.5.4;Conclusion;49
5.5.5;Acknowledgement:;49
5.5.6;References;49
5.6;CHAPTER 6. Fiber-optic glucose and creatinine biosensors based on oxygen optrodes as transducers;51
5.6.1;1. INTRODUCTION;51
5.6.2;2. BIOSENSORS BASED ON OXYGEN OPTRODES;53
5.6.3;3. DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF LUMINOPHORES;53
5.6.4;4. IMMOBILIZATION OF LUMINOPHORES;54
5.6.5;5. DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF GLUCOSE AND CREATININE BIOSENSORS;56
5.6.6;6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:;56
5.6.7;7. REFERENCES;56
5.7;CHAPTER 7. A Highly Selective Methanol Determination System based on Chemiluminescence using Flow Injection Analysis;57
5.7.1;1. INTRODUCTION;57
5.7.2;2. EXPERIMENTA L;58
5.7.3;3. RESUL T;59
5.7.4;4. CONCLUSION;61
5.7.5;PREFERENCES;61
5.8;CHAPTER 8. Fiber-optic urea sensor using ammonium ion selective membrane covered with urease-immobilized membrane;62
5.8.1;INTRODUCTION;62
5.8.2;EXPERIMENTAL;62
5.8.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;63
5.8.4;REFERENCES;65
5.9;CHAPTER 9. Developmen t of a miniaturized glucose monitor for whole blood measurements.;66
5.9.1;1. Introduction;66
5.9.2;2. Materials and Methods;67
5.9.3;3. Results;69
5.9.4;4. Discussion;70
5.9.5;5. Acknowledgements;71
5.9.6;6. References;71
5.10;CHAPTER 10. Development and application of a new enzyme sensor type based on the MOS-capacitance structure for bioprocess control;72
5.10.1;INTRODUCTION;72
5.10.2;OBSERVATIONS WITH MOS-CHIPS;72
5.10.3;PH-SENSITIVE MOS-CAP-BIOSENSORS;73
5.10.4;PF-SENSITIVE MOS-CAP-BIOSENSORS;73
5.10.5;CONCLUSIONS;73
5.10.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMEN T;74
5.10.7;REFERENCES;74
5.11;CHAPTER 11. Stainless steel electrodes in enzyme-based potentiometric and pH-stat biosensors;80
5.11.1;1. INTRODUCTIO N;80
5.11.2;2. EXPERIMENTAL;81
5.11.3;3. RESULTS;83
5.11.4;4. DISCUSSION;87
5.11.5;5. REFERENCES;87
5.12;CHAPTER 12. CONTINUOUS NON-DILUTED SERUM SAMPLE MEASUREMENT WITH ANISFET GLUCOSE SENSOR;88
5.12.1;Introduction;88
5.12.2;Experimental;89
5.12.3;Conclusions;90
5.12.4;Acknowledgment;90
5.12.5;References;90
5.13;CHAPTER 13. Mixed Mode Sensor leads to pH-controlled Membrane Conductivity Measurement;91
5.13.1;1. INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION;91
5.13.2;2. EXPERIMENTAL;93
5.13.3;3. CONCLUSION;96
5.13.4;Acknowledgment;97
5.13.5;References;97
5.14;CHAPTER 14. Thin-film Conductometric Biosensors for Glucose and Urea Determination.;98
5.14.1;INTRODUCTION;98
5.14.2;EXPERIMENTAL;99
5.14.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;100
5.14.4;CONCLUSION;105
5.14.5;REFERENCES;105
5.15;CHAPTER 15. Microfabricated conductimetric biosensors based on ph-sensitive hydrogels;106
5.15.1;Introduction;106
5.15.2;Experimental;107
5.15.3;Sensor chip fabrication;108
5.15.4;Discussion;109
5.15.5;Conclusion;110
5.15.6;Acknowledgment;110
5.15.7;References;111
5.16;CHAPTER 16. Stable mediated enzyme electrode in flow injection analysis system used for on-line bioprocess monitoring;112
5.16.1;1. INTRODUCTION;112
5.16.2;2. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP;113
5.16.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;113
5.16.4;4. REFERENCES;114
5.17;CHAPTER 17. Development of a stable ferrocene-mediated glucose biosensor using an anionic ion exchange polymer blend;115
5.17.1;1. INTRODUCTION;115
5.17.2;2. MATERIALS AND METHODS.;116
5.17.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;118
5.17.4;4. CONCLUSION;120
5.17.5;5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;120
5.17.6;6. REFERENCES;120
5.18;CHAPTER 18. AMPEROMETRIC BIOSENSOR FOR FREE CHOLESTEROL BASED ON ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE AND NOVEL REDOX POLYMERS;121
5.18.1;Introduction;121
5.18.2;Experimental;122
5.18.3;Equipment;123
5.18.4;Results and Discussion;123
5.18.5;Redox Polymers;123
5.18.6;Conclusion;126
5.18.7;References;127
5.19;CHAPTER 19. Amperometric Biosensors Based on Electrocatalytic Regeneration of NAD+ at Redox Polymer-Modified Electrodes;128
5.19.1;Introduction;128
5.19.2;Biosensors based on chemically modified carbon paste electrodes;132
5.19.3;Acknowledgment;134
5.19.4;References;135
5.19.5;Amperometric Biosensors for Detection of L- and D-Amino Acids on Co- Immobilized Peroxidase and L- and D-Amino Acid Oxidases in Carbon Paste Electrodes;136
5.19.6;Introduction;136
5.19.7;References;142
5.20;CHAPTER 20. CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF LACTAT E IN SEPSIS AND SHOCK WITH SUBCUTANEOUS MICRODIALYSIS : EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES;144
5.20.1;INTRODUCTION;144
5.20.2;METHODS;145
5.20.3;EXPERIMENTAL SEPSIS MODEL;146
5.20.4;CLINICAL STUDIES;146
5.20.5;RESULT;147
5.20.6;CLINICAL STUDIES;148
5.20.7;DISCUSSION;149
5.20.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;151
5.20.9;REFERENCES;151
5.21;CHAPTER 21. In vivo Evaluation of an Electroenzymatic Glucose Sensor Implanted in Subcutaneous Tissue;152
5.21.1;1. INTRODUCTION;152
5.21.2;2. FABRICATION;153
5.21.3;3. IN VITRO EVALUATION;153
5.21.4;4. IN-VIVO (RABBIT) EVALUATIO N;154
5.21.5;5. IN VIVO (HUMAN) EVALUATION;155
5.21.6;6. CONCLUSIONS;157
5.21.7;7. REFERENCES;157
5.22;CHAPTER 22. Development of a Needle Type Biosensor for analysis of sugars in fruits;159
5.22.1;1. Introduction;159
5.22.2;2. Materials and Method;159
5.22.3;3. Results and Discussions;160
5.22.4;4. References;161
5.23;CHAPTER 23. Glucose sensing carbon paste electrode by using polyethylen e glycol-modifie d glucose oxidase;166
5.23.1;1. INTRODUCTION;166
5.23.2;2. EXPERIMENTAL;166
5.23.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;167
5.23.4;4. CONCLUSION;169
5.23.5;5. REFERENCES;169
5.24;CHAPTER 24. Development and characterisation of an enzyme electrode for the application to undiluted media;170
5.24.1;1. INTRODUCTION;170
5.24.2;2. EXPERIMENTAL;170
5.24.3;3. RESULTS;171
5.25;CHAPTER 25. Anaerobic Operation of a Glucose Sensor by Use of Pulse Techniques;173
5.25.1;1. INTRODUCTIO N;173
5.25.2;2. Theoretical Background;174
5.25.3;3. SENSOR REALISATION AND MEASUREMENT SET-UP;175
5.25.4;4. EXPERIMENTAL;175
5.25.5;5. CONCLUSIO N;179
5.26;CHAPTER 26. Extended Shelf Life of Enzyme Based Biosensors using a Novel Stabilisation System;180
5.26.1;1. INTRODUCTION;180
5.26.2;2. MATERIALS AND METHODS;181
5.26.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;183
5.26.4;REFERENCES;187
5.27;CHAPTER 27. MULTI-ENZYME SENSORS - ENZYME ACTIVATION FOR ACTIVATOR AND ENYZME ACTIVITY DETERMINATION-;188
5.27.1;1. Measuring principle;188
5.27.2;2. Results;189
5.28;CHAPTER 28. Enzyme electrodes for biotechnology and environmental control;190
5.28.1;1. Introduction;190
5.28.2;2. Fia-system for biosensors on the basis of oxygen indication;191
5.28.3;3. Highly sensitive phosphate sensor;192
5.29;CHAPTER 29. Application of A Novel Polymer with Biocompatibility and Diffusion-Limiting Effect to Construct A Glucose Sensor;193
5.29.1;INTRODUCTION;193
5.29.2;EXPERIMENTAL;194
5.29.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;196
5.29.4;CONCLUSION;198
5.29.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;199
5.29.6;REFERENCE;199
5.30;CHAPTER 30. Flow-injection amperometrie biosensing of copper(II) ions using a contact-type of an apoenzyme sensor;200
5.30.1;1. INTRODUCTION;201
5.30.2;2. EXPERIMENTAL;201
5.30.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;203
5.30.4;REFERENCES;206
5.31;CHAPTER 31. BIOSENSOR — ACTUATOR SYSTEMS FOR PRECISE ENZYMATIC DETERMINTIONS;208
5.31.1;1 . INTRODUCTION;208
5.31.2;2 . MICROFLOW TITRATIONS;208
5.31.3;3 · MEASURING SET UP;210
5.31.4;4 . PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS;211
5.31.5;5 · SEPARATION BY GAS DIALYSIS;212
5.31.6;6.. ENZYMATIC ASSAYS;213
5.31.7;7 . RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;214
5.31.8;8. REFERENCES;216
6;PART II: SYMPOSIUM I: ENZYME-BASED SENSORS POSTER PRESENTATIONS;218
6.1;CHAPTER 32. Model analysis of mediated enzyme electrodes with a conducting polymer;219
6.2;CHAPTER 33. EH2YHE ELECTRODES WITH PTFE MODIFIED CARBOH BLACF MEDIATOR MATRIX AND THEIR APPLICATION IN GLUCOSE BIOSENSORS;220
6.3;CHAPTER 34. THE MASS PRODUCTION OF BIOSENSORS;221
6.4;CHAPTER 35. Mediated amperometric determination of xylose and glucose with an immobilized aldose dehydrogenase electrode;222
6.5;CHAPTER 36. Selectivity of conducting polymer modified electrodes and their application in amino acid biosensors;223
6.6;CHAPTER 37. Novel approaches for the use of mediators in enzyme electrodes;224
6.7;CHAPTER 38. Study on mutiple-enzyme electrode for sucrose determination;225
6.8;CHAPTER 39. Vitamin C sensor based on the cyclic reaction of L-ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid using dithiothreithol;226
6.9;CHAPTER 40. An Activated Carbon Electrode Biosensor for Sucrose;227
6.10;CHAPTER 41. An enzym e electrode for hydrogen peroxide based on peroxidase immobilized on glassy carbon electrode;228
6.10.1;Experimental;228
6.10.2;Results;228
6.10.3;References;228
6.11;CHAPTER 42. Chemical modified carbon glucose sensor used in rapid estimation of glucose in inosine fermentation;229
6.12;CHAPTER 43. BIOAMPEROMETRIC SENSORS BASED ON IMMOBILIZATION OF ENZYMES;230
6.13;CHAPTER 44. Amperometric glutathione electrode;231
6.14;CHAPTER 45. On-Line Determination of Glucose in Fermentation Processes. Development of an Extremely Simplified Flow-Injection System with Amperometric Detection;232
6.15;CHAPTER 46. Continuous Determination of Glucose and Lactate in a Mammalian Cell Culture Fermentation Process;233
6.16;CHAPTER 47. Use of on-line tubular ion-exchanger to enhance selectivity of membrane electrode detectors in flow-injection enzymatic analysis: Application to determination of L-glutamine in bioreactor media.;234
6.16.1;RESULTS;234
6.17;CHAPTER 48. DETERMINATION OF PENICILLIN IN BATCH SAMPLES AND WITH VARIOUS FIA SYSTEMS USING FAST RESPONDING ENZYME GLASS ELECTRODES.;235
6.18;CHAPTER 49. INVESTIGATION OF OPTIMUM CONDITIONS FOR THE DETECTION OF UREA BY ENFETs;237
6.19;CHAPTER 50. A computerized and temperature compensated enzyme electrode (model GA-I) for blood sugar determination;238
6.20;CHAPTER 51. Development of dissolved oxygen detector for flow injection analysis and its application to L-glutamate analysis;240
6.21;CHAPTER 52. Characteristics of biosensors using ß-chitin membrane as a possible carrier of bioactive materials;241
6.22;CHAPTER 53. A PROTOTYPE OF ENZYMATIC SENSORS TO DETERMINE GLYCEROL AND PROPYLENE GLYCOL IN TOBACCO CASING.;242
6.23;CHAPTER 54. On-line Determination of Ethanol in Brewery Processes Based on Sample Extraction by Continuous Pervaporation;243
6.24;CHAPTER 55. A BIOSENSOR BASED ON MONOMOLECULAR FILMS OF GLUCOSE OXYDASE;244
6.25;CHAPTER 56. Amplification of enzyme electrode response by biocatalytic preconcentration of intermediates;245
6.26;CHAPTER 57. Covalent binding of urease on ammonium selective potentiometric membranes;246
6.27;CHAPTER 58. Disposable multisubstrate biosensors for fish freshness determination;247
6.28;CHAPTER 59. BIOSENSOR FOR DIRECT DETERMINATION IN UNDILUTED BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS.;248
6.29;CHAPTER 60. FIBRE-OPTIC ENZYME BIOSENSOR BASED ON QUENCHEDLUMINESCENCE OXYGEN DETECTION AND LIFE-TIME MEASUREMENTS.;249
6.30;CHAPTER 61. A Novel Optical Biosensor for the Determination of Glucose, Fructose, Gluconolactone and Sorbitol;250
6.31;CHAPTER 62. Optical Sensor for Organic Ammonium Ions and Its Application to Lysine Biosensing;251
6.32;CHAPTER 63. Fiuorecsent determination of glucose by an enzyme sensor;252
6.33;CHAPTER 64. Wavelength-Modulated Fluorimetry in Analysis of Steroid Hormones in Pharmaceutical Products;253
6.34;CHAPTER 65. Surface-Micromachined Ultrasonic Lamb Wave Devices for Biosensor Applications;254
6.34.1;Introduction;254
6.34.2;Fabrication;254
6.34.3;Conclusion;255
6.35;CHAPTER 66. Enzyme Membranes of Biosensor Application Prepared by Direct Plasma Irradiation;256
6.36;CHAPTER 67. DRY CHEMISTRY SENSING OF ANALYTES USING INTEGRAL THRESHOLD DETECTION;257
6.37;CHAPTER 68. A Calorimetric Biosensor for the Detection and Determination of Enantiomeric Excesses;258
6.38;CHAPTER 69. An integrated thermopile sensor as transducer for biosensing;260
6.39;CHAPTER 70. HYPOXANTHINE MONITORING FOR DETECTION OF ASPHYXIA IN NEWBORN INFANTS;262
6.40;CHAPTER 71. Improved multiple chip-electrode arrays with modified enzyme polymer layers;263
6.41;CHAPTER 72. A flow injection creatinine analyzer based on creatinine deiminase, leucine dehydrogenase and L-amino acid oxidase;264
6.42;CHAPTER 73. STUDYING THE BIENZYME REACTION WITH AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION FOR MEASURING MALTOSE;265
6.43;CHAPTER 74. L· IACTATE ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND THE APPLICATION IN MONITORING OF MILK MICROBIAL ATTACK;266
7;PART III: SYMPOSIUM II: AFFINITY SENSORS ORAL PRESENTATIONS;268
7.1;CHAPTER 75. Single-step electrochemical immunoassay;269
7.1.1;1. INTRODUCTION;269
7.1.2;2. EXPERIMENTAL MODEL;270
7.1.3;3. GENERATING THE ELECTROACTIVE SPECIES;271
7.1.4;4. MIGRATION OF REAGENTS;273
7.1.5;5. ACKNOWLEDGMENT;276
7.1.6;6. REFERENCES;276
7.2;CHAPTER 76. Real-time biospecific interaction analysis;277
7.2.1;1. INTRODUCTION;277
7.2.2;2. THE ANALYTICAL SYSTEM;278
7.2.3;3. REAL-TIME BIA APPLICATION AREAS.;279
7.2.4;4. CONCLUSIONS;282
7.2.5;REFERENCES;283
7.3;CHAPTER 77. RECEPTOR-BASED SENSORS;284
7.4;CHAPTER 78. A new geometry of the ion-step based Ion Responding Immun o Sensor (IRIS) : The 'ball and tip' disposable biosensor;285
7.4.1;1. INTRODUCTION;285
7.4.2;2. METHOD;285
7.4.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;286
7.4.4;4. CONCLUSIO N;287
7.4.5;5. REFERENCES;287
7.5;CHAPTER 79. IMMDNOELECTRODES FOR THYROTROPHIN MEASUREMENT;288
7.5.1;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;289
7.5.2;REFERENCES;289
7.6;CHAPTER 80. Avidi n modified glassy carbon electrodes: Towards a multivalent immunosensor;291
7.6.1;1. Introduction;291
7.6.2;2. Material and Methods;291
7.6.3;3. Results and Discussion;293
7.6.4;4. Conclusion and Outlook;295
7.6.5;5. References;295
7.7;CHAPTER 81. Development of a multi-array PZ-immuno biosensor system for the fast assay of human growth hormone;296
7.7.1;INTRODUCTION;296
7.7.2;MATERIALS AND METHODS;296
7.7.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;300
7.7.4;CONCLUSIONS;303
7.7.5;References;303
7.8;CHAPTER 82. An immunosensor using a quartz Lamb wave device;304
7.8.1;1.INTRODUCTION;304
7.8.2;2.QUARTZ LAMB WAVE DEVICE;305
7.8.3;3.PR0CEDURE FOR ANTIGEN ADSORBED LATEX;307
7.8.4;4.MASS SENSITIVITY OF THE QUARTZ LAMB WAVE DEVICE;307
7.8.5;5.EXPERIMENT FOR AN IMMUNOREACTION MEASUREMENT;308
7.8.6;6.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;309
7.8.7;7.CONCLUSION;310
7.8.8;8.REFERENCES;310
7.9;CHAPTER 83. GRAVIMETRIC BIOSENSORS BASED ON ACOUSTIC WAVES IN THIN POLYMER LAYERS;311
7.9.1;1. INTRODUCTION;311
7.9.2;2. POLYMER FILM SYSTEM;313
7.9.3;3. OSCILLATOR ELECTRONICS;314
7.9.4;4. MEASUREMENT SYSTEM;314
7.9.5;5. THEORY OF THE DEVICE;314
7.9.6;6. SYSTEM PROPERTIES;315
7.9.7;7. RESULTS USING PROTEINS;317
7.9.8;8. RESULTS USING MASS ENHANCING PARTICLES;317
7.9.9;9. CONCLUSIONS;318
7.9.10;REFERENCES;318
7.10;CHAPTER 84. High sensitive detection system of allergen using antibody immobilize d onto bacterial magnetic particles;319
7.10.1;1. INTRODUCTION;319
7.10.2;2. EXPERIMENTAL;320
7.10.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;321
7.10.4;REFERENCES;324
7.11;CHAPTER 85. EVANESCENT WAVE FIBER OPTIC BIOSENSOR;325
7.11.1;INTRODUCTION;325
7.11.2;METHODS;326
7.11.3;RESULTS;328
7.11.4;DISCUSSION;331
7.11.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;332
7.11.6;REFERENCES;332
7.12;CHAPTER 86. A rapid particle-based immunoassay system using fluorescence transfer detection William Bains and John Golby;333
7.12.1;1. INTRODUCTION;333
7.12.2;2. ASSAY CONCEPT.;333
7.12.3;3. EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION;334
7.12.4;4. RESULTS;336
7.12.5;5. DISCUSSION;338
7.12.6;6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;339
7.12.7;7. REFERENCES;339
7.13;CHAPTER 87. Characterization of Biomembrane s by Spectral Ellipsometry and Interferometry as a Tool in Biosensor Application;340
7.13.1;1. Introduction;340
7.13.2;2. Experimental Method s and Materials;341
7.13.3;3· Result s and Discussion;342
7.13.4;Experiments on a planar solid phase immuno assay;345
7.13.5;Acknowledgements;347
7.13.6;References;347
7.14;CHAPTER 88. Interferometric immunoassay in a FIA-system A sensitive and rapid approach in label-free immunosensing;348
7.14.1;Introduction;349
7.14.2;Results;351
7.14.3;Discussion;354
7.14.4;Conclusion;355
7.14.5;Acknowledgements;355
7.14.6;Literature;355
7.15;CHAPTER 89. The difference interferometer: a highly sensitive optical probe for molecular surface-coverage detection;356
7.15.1;1. Introduction;356
7.15.2;2. Sensor design and operating principle;357
7.15.3;3. Sensitivity and dynamic range of the affinity sensor;359
7.15.4;4. Response characteristics of the affinity sensor;360
7.15.5;5. Preparation of the sensor chips;362
7.15.6;6. Experimental resolution of the sensor system;362
7.15.7;7. Conclusions and prospects;363
7.15.8;Acknowledgement;363
7.15.9;References;363
7.16;CHAPTER 90. The Difference Interferometer: Application as a Direct Immunosensor;364
7.16.1;1. Introduction;364
7.16.2;2. Experimental;365
7.16.3;3. Results and Discussion;367
7.16.4;4. Conclusion;371
7.16.5;References;372
7.17;CHAPTER 91. Optical Waveguide Interferometric Immunosensor;373
7.17.1;1. Introduction;373
7.17.2;2. Sensitivity;373
7.17.3;3. Waveguide structure and apparatus;375
7.17.4;4. Results and discussion;376
7.17.5;Conclusions;378
7.17.6;References;379
7.18;CHAPTER 92. Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance Inhibition Test (ESPRIT) by using Latex Particles;380
7.18.1;1. INTRODUCTION;380
7.18.2;2. MATERIALS AND METHODS;381
7.18.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;384
7.18.4;CONCLUSIONS;386
7.18.5;REFERENCES;387
7.19;CHAPTER 93. Immunosensors in medical diagnostics - major hurdles to commercial success;388
7.19.1;1. INTRODUCTION;388
7.19.2;2. BUSINESS ANALYSIS => CONCEPT SPECIFICATION;390
7.19.3;3. SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY => PROTOTYPE;391
7.19.4;4. SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY => PROTOTYPE;394
8;PART IV: SYMPOSIUM II: AFFINITY SENSORS POSTER PRESENTATIONS;396
8.1;CHAPTER 94. Immunoelectrochemical sensor for the detection of bacteria;397
8.2;CHAPTER 95. Immunosensors - a New Tool for Viral Disease Diagnosis;398
8.3;CHAPTER 96. Potentiometric Immunoassay (PIA) - Mixed Potential Modulation by an Antigen/Antibody Reaction;399
8.4;CHAPTER 97. MEDIATORLESS ELECTROENZYMIC REDUCTION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AT PLATINISED CARBON ELECTRODES = APPLICATION TO IMMUNOASSAY;400
8.5;CHAPTER 98. AMPLIFIED ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY USING THERMOPHILIC B—NADH OXIDASE;401
8.6;CHAPTER 99. Development of an automatic flow injection electrochemical analysis system for phenol and its application to the construction of an immunosensor for human IgG;402
8.7;CHAPTER 100. Synthetic mini-antibodies in biosensors;403
8.8;CHAPTER 101. Determination of enzyme activities after immunological recognition by antienzyme antibodies;404
8.9;CHAPTER 102. KINETICS OF BINDING OF SMALL MOLECULAR WEIGHT ANTIGENS TO IMMOBILIZED ANTIBODIES IN FLOW.;405
8.10;CHAPTER 103. Lactose sensors based on transport proteins: Comparative electrochemical and ellipsometric studies of supported planar lipid bilayers;406
8.11;CHAPTER 104. THE DESIGN OF AN IMMUNOSENSOR FOR MEASURING NICOTINE IN TOBACCO SMOKE: IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS.;407
8.12;CHAPTER 105. A Novel Optical Immunosensor System for the Determination of IgG in Serum Samples;408
8.13;CHAPTER 106. APPLICATION OF MINI-ANTIBODIES IN A SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE SENSOR;409
8.14;CHAPTER 107. DNA DETECTION WITH SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE;410
8.14.1;INTRODUCTION;410
8.14.2;RESULTS;410
8.14.3;CONCLUSION;410
8.15;CHAPTER 108. Fluorescence Energy Transfer Biosensor;411
8.16;CHAPTER 109. Grating coupler immunosensors for pesticide detection;412
8.17;CHAPTER 110. Integrated Optical Biosensors Using Interferometry;413
8.18;CHAPTER 111. Optimised reflectometric detection of human pregnancy hormone using label amplification.;414
8.19;CHAPTER 112. STUDY OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN G THIN LAYERS OBTAINED BY THE LANGMUIR-BLODGETT METHOD: APPLICATION TO IMMUNOSENSORS;415
9;PART V: SYMPOSIUM III: BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS ORAL PRESENTATIONS;416
9.1;CHAPTER 113. Micromachined Biosensors;417
9.1.1;1. Introduction;417
9.1.2;2. Electrochemical Flow Cell;417
9.1.3;3. Integration of Enzyme Immobilized Column and Electrochemical Flow Cell;420
9.1.4;4. Integration of Enzymatic Reactor and Chemiluminescence Detector;421
9.1.5;5. Conclusion;423
9.1.6;References;423
9.2;CHAPTER 114. Mathematical modeling for lipid coated AT-cut quartz crystal ethanol vapour sensor;424
9.2.1;1. INTRODUCTION;424
9.2.2;2. EXPERIMENTAL;426
9.2.3;3.RESULT AND DISCUSSION;427
9.2.4;4. CONCLUSION;429
9.3;CHAPTER 115. Characterizing of liquor odorants by pattern analysis of the response from an AT-cut quartz odorant sensor array;430
9.3.1;1. INTRODUCTION;430
9.3.2;2. EXPERIMENTAL;431
9.3.3;3.RESULT AND DISCUSSION;433
9.3.4;4.C0NCLUSI0N;437
9.4;CHAPTER 117. Taste sensing using electric potential changes in lipid membranes;438
9.4.1;1. Introduction;438
9.4.2;2. Materials and Methods;439
9.4.3;4. Application to foods;440
9.4.4;3. Responses to primary taste;441
9.4.5;5. Improvement of sensor;442
9.4.6;6- Conclusion;444
9.4.7;References;445
9.5;CHAPTER 118. DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBIOELECTRODE MODIFIED BY MIXING PLANT TISSUE AND CARBON PASTE AND ITS APPLICATIONIN IN-VIVO DOPAMINE MONITORING;446
9.5.1;Introduction;446
9.5.2;Experimental Section;447
9.5.3;RESULT AND DISCUSSION;448
9.5.4;CONCLUSION;453
9.5.5;REFERENCES;453
9.6;CHAPTER 118. The use of Chemically Modified Electrodes for Detectors of Bionedical Substances in Liquid Chroaatography and Flow Injection Analysis;454
9.6.1;REFERENCES;458
9.7;CHAPTER 119. Optimized biosensor for whole blood measurements using a new blood-compatible membrane;460
9.7.1;1. Introduction;460
9.7.2;2. Materials and methods;461
9.7.3;3. Results;463
9.7.4;4. Discussion;466
9.7.5;5. Acknowledgements;467
9.7.6;6. References;467
9.8;CHAPTER 120. APPLICATIONS AND MARKETS FOR BIOSENSORS IN THE 1990s;468
9.8.1;1. Introduction;468
9.8.2;2. Medical applications;469
9.8.3;3. Other applications;472
9.8.4;4. Summary;475
9.8.5;Reference;475
9.9;CHAPTER 121. PROTECTION OF BIOSENSOR INVENTIONS;476
9.9.1;INTRODUCTION;476
9.9.2;COPYRIGHT;482
9.9.3;PHYSICAL PROPERTY;482
9.10;CHAPTER 122. MINIATURIZED BIOSENSORS FOR INTEGRATION ON FLEXIBLE POLYMER CARRIERS FOR IN VIVO APPLICATIONS;484
9.10.1;1. Introduction;484
9.10.2;2. Methods;485
9.10.3;3. Experimental;487
9.10.4;4. Summary;487
9.10.5;5. References;488
9.11;CHAPTER 123. Why use a Delicate Biosensor for Monitoring? Alternative Routes by Miniaturizing and Speeding up the Classic Analytical Techniques.;489
9.11.1;Introduction;489
9.11.2;Conclusion;492
9.11.3;References;493
9.12;CHAPTER 124. DEVELOPMENT OF DIRECTLY-SENSING EQUIPMENT FOR IN-SITU HEPATOCYTES OBSERVATION;495
9.12.1;INTRODUCTION;495
9.12.2;EQUIPMENT CONSTRUCTION;496
9.12.3;OBSERVATION USING THE EQUIPMENT;496
9.12.4;CONCLUSIO N;497
9.12.5;REFERENCE;498
9.13;CHAPTER 125. A Miniature Fiber Optic Absorbance Sensor for 99mTc Imaging Agents;501
9.13.1;INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND;501
9.13.2;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;503
9.13.3;CONCLUSIONS;507
9.13.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;507
9.13.5;REFERENCES AND NOTES;508
9.14;CHAPTER 126. Optical Sensors for Biotechnological Applications;509
9.14.1;Biooptodes based on optical chemosensors;509
9.14.2;Fiber optic immuno sensors;510
9.14.3;References;513
10;PART VI: SYMPOSIUM III: BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS POSTER PRESENTATIONS;516
10.1;CHAPTER 127. Integrated-optics sensors for lipid-active substances;517
10.2;CHAPTER 128. NMR STUDIES OF THE INTERACTION OF CATECHOLAMINES AND RELATED PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS WITH PNVP POLYMERS USED IN ANALYTE SELECTIVE MICROELECTRODE;518
10.3;CHAPTER 129. THIN-FILM CLARK-TYPE OXYGEN SENSOR BASED ON NOVEL POLYMER MEMBRANE SYSTEMS FOR IN VIVO AND BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS;519
10.4;CHAPTER 130. Electrochemical Glucose Sensor in Catheter Form;520
10.4.1;References;520
10.5;CHAPTER 131. A NEW PRINCIPLE FOR AN ELECTROCHEMICAL OXYGEN SENSOR;521
10.5.1;References;521
10.6;CHAPTER 132. Coupling living cells to ISFET devices: on -line detection of electrochemical cell activity;522
10.7;CHAPTER 133. Online Monitoring of Glucose in batch fermentations of Escherichia coli with a commercially available biosensor analyzer - fermentation control system;523
10.8;CHAPTER 134. Implementation of a Thermal Biosensor in Process environment Online monitoring of penicillin V in production scale fermentations;524
10.8.1;introduction;524
10.9;CHAPTER 135. Flow Injection Analysis of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Dairy Products Based on the Use of a Microbial Electrode;525
10.10;CHAPTER 136. New Immobilization Techniques for Enzymes: A Strategy to optimize Biosensors;526
10.11;CHAPTER 137. Multi-Component Analysis using Biosensors;527
10.11.1;Acknowledgement;527
10.12;CHAPTER 138. Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry;528
10.13;CHAPTER 139. CHARACTERISATION OF BIOSENSOR MATERIALS USING FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY;529
10.14;CHAPTER 140. Amperometric glucose oxidase/hydrogen peroxide glucose sensors: the influence of hydrogen peroxide on the function and its potential use in sensor sterilization;530
10.15;CHAPTER 141. CRYSTALLINE BACTERIAL SURFACE LAYERS (S-LAYERS) USED IN BIOSENSOR DEVELOPMENT:;531
11;PART VII: MINI SYMPOSIUM: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ORAL PRESENTATIONS;532
11.1;CHAPTER 142. Voltammetric Immunosensor for the Determination of Herbicide Traces in Waters;533
11.2;CHAPTER 143. Rapid IC50 estimation and on-line toxicity monitoring with the RODTOX, an activated sludge based biosensor;535
11.2.1;1. INTRODUCTION;535
11.2.2;2. MATERIALS AND METHODS;536
11.2.3;3. RESULTS;537
11.2.4;4. DISCUSSION;541
11.2.5;5. CONCLUSIONS;541
11.2.6;6. REFERENCES;542
11.3;CHAPTER 144. PLANT TISSUE- BASED OSCILLATOR;543
11.3.1;1. INTRODUCTION;543
11.3.2;2. EXPERIMENTAL;545
11.3.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;545
11.3.4;4. CONCLUDING REMARKS;547
11.3.5;5. REFERENCES;547
11.4;CHAPTER 145. Highly Sensitive Determination of Phosphate Ions Based on the Immobilized Enzyme-Chemi luminescence System;548
11.4.1;1. INTRODUCTION;548
11.4.2;2. MATERIALS AND METHOD;549
11.4.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;550
11.5;CHAPTER 146. OPTICAL SENSORS BASED ON DNA RECOMBINANT MICROBES FOR THE DETECTION OF TOXIC COMPOUNDS;554
11.5.1;1. INTRODUCTION;554
11.5.2;2. MATERIALS AND METHOD;555
11.5.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;556
11.6;CHAPTER 147. Development of a Flow Injection Immuno-Analysis for Pesticide Determination - First Studies-;560
11.6.1;1. Introduction;560
11.6.2;2. Fluoroimmunoassays;561
11.6.3;3. Flow-Injection Immunoanalysis;561
12;PART VIII: MINI SYMPOSIUM: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING POSTER PRESENTATIONS;564
12.1;CHAPTER 148. A spectrophotometrically interrogated microbial biosensor for toxins;565
12.2;CHAPTER 149. Detection of herbicides via photosystem II and bacterial luciferase;566
12.2.1;INTRODUCTION;566
12.3;CHAPTER 150. A biosensor for triazine herbicides based on chlorophyll fluorescence in photosystem 2.;567
12.4;CHAPTER 151. DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF MICROBIAL SENSOR SYSTEM FOR DETERMINATION OF BOD;568
12.5;CHAPTER 152. Construction of organic phosphate biosensor by the use of alkaline phosphatase and some enzymes;570
12.6;CHAPTER 153. THE ANTICHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY MEASURE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN THE WATER ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSES;571
12.7;CHAPTER 154. Detection of pesticides based on enzyme inhibition;573