Hewitt Annular Two-Phase Flow

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8523-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 320 Seiten, Web PDF

Annular Two-Phase Flow presents the wide range of industrial applications of annular two-phase flow regimes. This book discusses the fluid dynamics and heat transfer aspects of the flow pattern. Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the classification of the various types of interface distribution observed in practice. This text then examines the various regimes of two-phase flow with emphasis on the regions of occurrence of the annular flow regime. Other chapters consider the single momentum and energy balances, which illustrate the differences and analogies between single- and two-phase flows. This book discusses as well the simple modes for annular flow with consideration to the calculation of the profile of shear stress in the liquid film. The final chapter deals with the techniques that are developed for the measurement of flow pattern, entrainment, and film thickness. This book is a valuable resource for chemical engineers.

Professor Hewitt is an Emeritus Professor of Chemical Engineering at Imperial College London. Professor Hewitt has worked on a variety of subjects in the general field of chemical engineering but his speciality for several decades now has been in mutliphase flow systems, with particular reference to channel flow and heat transfer. He has published many papers and books in this industrially important area and has lectured on the subject widely throughout the world. He has had a wide experience of industrial application through extensive consultancy and contract work and through his founding of the Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Service (HTFS) at Harwell and Hexxcell Ltd., a spin-out of Imperial College London operating in the area of heat transfer and energy efficiency. Professor Hewitt's contributions to the field have been recognised by his election to the Royal Academy of Engineering (1985), the Royal Society (1990), and the US National Academy of Engineering (1998) in addition to several international awards including Donald Q. Kern Award by AIChE (1981), Max Jakob Award by ASME (1995), and the Luikov Medal by ICHMT (1997). In 2007, he was presented the Global Energy Prize by Vladimir Putin at the World Economic Forum.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hewitt, Geoffrey

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Annular Two-Phase Flow;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;10
6;Chapter 1. Introduction;12
7;Chapter 2. Regimes of flow;15
7.1;2.1 Introduction;15
7.2;2.2 Flow regimes in vertical flow;16
7.3;2.3 Flow regimes in horizontal and inclined flow;17
7.4;2.4 Flow regime maps;18
7.5;2.5 Flow pattern transitions in vertical flow;22
7.6;2.6 Regimes of flow in a boiling channel;29
8;Chapter 3. Simple momentum and energy balances and their applications;32
8.1;3.1 Introduction;32
8.2;3.2 Single-phase flow;32
8.3;3.3 Two-phase flow;34
8.4;3.4 The homogeneous model;40
8.5;3.5 The Lockhart–Martinelli model;42
8.6;3.6 Pressure losses in expansions, contractions, orifices, bends and valves;47
8.7;3.7 Critical two-phase flow;55
9;Chapter 4. Simple analytical models of annular two-phase flow and their applications;61
9.1;4.1 Introduction;61
9.2;4.2 Single-phase flow;61
9.3;4.3 Application of single-phase flow concepts to the prediction of annular two-phase flow;66
9.4;4.4 Applications of the smooth film theories;74
9.5;4.5 Horizontal annular flow (liquid film distribution);85
10;Chapter 5. Empirical relationships for annular flow;87
10.1;5.1 Introduction;87
10.2;5.2 Empirical correlations inherently based on the triangular relationship;89
10.3;5.3 Gas phase distribution and interfacial interaction;95
11;Chapter 6. Interfacial waves;109
11.1;6.1 Introduction;109
11.2;6.2 The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability;111
11.3;6.3 The critical layer;113
11.4;6.4 The effect of viscosity;118
11.5;6.5 An example of an interfacial stability calculation;121
11.6;6.6 Wave velocity;129
11.7;6.7 Experimental observations of the interface in annular or stratified flow;131
12;Chapter 7. Stability against de-wetting;138
12.1;7.1 Introduction;138
12.2;7.2 The effects of flow on re-wetting;138
12.3;7.3 Film breakdown under conditions of heat and mass transfer;143
12.4;7.4 The role of nucleate boiling and "sputtering" in the wetting of hot surfaces;144
12.5;7.5 Conclusion;148
13;Chapter 8. The creation and behaviour of entrained droplets in annular flow;149
13.1;8.1 Introduction;149
13.2;8.2 Mechanisms of droplet entrainment;149
13.3;8.3 Onset of droplet entrainment;156
13.4;8.4 Observations and correlations of entrained fraction;163
13.5;8.5 Distribution of entrained droplet flow;171
13.6;8.6 Droplet size and breakup;174
13.7;8.7 Droplet mass transfer;177
14;Chapter 9. Introduction to two-phase heat transfer;188
14.1;9.1 Vapour–liquid equilibrium;188
14.2;9.2 Vapour generation and boiling;191
14.3;9.3 Condensation;199
15;Chapter 10. Heat transfer in annular flow;201
15.1;10.1 Introduction;201
15.2;10.2 Heat transfer through the liquid film;202
15.3;10.3 Temperature difference across the interface in evaporation or condensation;225
15.4;10.4 Heat and mass transfer in the gas core;228
16;Chapter 11. Burnout;234
16.1;11.1 Introduction;234
16.2;11.2 Comparison of burnout in pool boiling and channel flow;236
16.3;11.3 Studies of mechanisms of burnout in annular flow;238
16.4;11.4 Parametric effects;253
16.5;11.5 Burnout correlations for water;259
17;Chapter 12. Experimental techniques for annular flow;268
17.1;12.1 Introduction;268
17.2;12.2 The determination of flow pattern;268
17.3;12.3 Measurements of liquid film thickness;276
17.4;12.4 Measurements of entrainment and droplet size;286
17.5;12.5 Pressure drop measurement;291
18;Nomenclature;294
19;References;304
20;Appendix: S.I. unit conversion table for chemical engineering;318
21;Index;324