Hoad / Lenton / Jackson Hormone Action in Plant Development - A Critical Appraisal

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-6288-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 334 Seiten, Web PDF

Hormone Action in Plant Development - A Critical Appraisal documents the proceedings of the Tenth Long Ashton Symposium, September 1986. The symposium was convened to assess the evidence for and against the view that plant hormones are endogenous regulators of plant development. The meeting also aimed to focus on and assess promising strategies for future research. The symposium opened with the Douglas Wills Lecture, given by Professor Carl Leopold. In many respects, progress in research on animal hormones seems greater than in the plant sciences and there may well be merit in following progress in animal hormone research as suggested by Professor Leopold. The symposium was comprised of four sessions. The introductory session considered the coordinating role of hormones in plant growth and development, and focused on hormone action at the molecular level, including their binding to receptors and their control of gene expression. The next two sessions embraced contributions on the experimental manipulation of development by genetic (notably by biochemical mutants), chemical (for example, with gibberellin/biosynthesis inhibitors), and environmental (including drought stress) means. All these approaches consolidated the central importance of hormones in plant growth. In the final session, three speakers suggested some promising avenues for future research into the physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology of plant hormones.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hoad, G. V.

Lenton, J. R.

Jackson, M. B.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Hormone Action in Plant Development – A Critical Appraisal;4
3;Copyright page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;PREFACE;6
6;Participants in the Symposium;12
7;Part 1: DOUGLAS WILLS INAUGURAL LECTURE;20
7.1;Chapter 1. CONTEMPLATIONS ON HORMONES AS BIOLOGICAL REGULATORS;22
7.1.1;INTRODUCTION;22
7.1.2;HORMONES AS CHEMICAL MESSENGERS;22
7.1.3;A SURVEY OF HORMONES;23
7.1.4;HORMONAL REGULATION;24
7.1.5;SPECIAL HORMONAL ACTIONS;30
7.1.6;EVOLUTIONARY CONSIDERATIONS;31
7.1.7;CONTEMPLATIONS;31
7.1.8;REFERENCES;32
8;SECTION I: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK - FROM THE WHOLE PLANT TO THE MOLECULAR;36
8.1;Chapter 2. SENSITIVITY AND SENSORY ADAPTATION IN GROWTH SUBSTANCE RESPONSES;38
8.1.1;REASONS FOR HAVING GROWTH SUBSTANCES;38
8.1.2;THE NECESSITY FOR OBTAINING SENSITIVE CONTROLS;39
8.1.3;MISLEADING USE OF THE TERM LIMITING FACTORS;42
8.1.4;CONDITIONS INVOKING MAXIMUM GROWTH SUBSTANCE SENSITIVITY. SOME CASE HISTORIES;42
8.1.5;THE RICE COLEOPTILE AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE FUNCTIONING OF GROWTH SUBSTANCES IN DEVELOPMENT;50
8.1.6;CONCLUSION;52
8.1.7;REFERENCES;52
8.2;Chapter 3. REQUIREMENTS FOR HORMONE INVOLVEMENT IN DEVELOPMENT AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION;58
8.2.1;INTRODUCTION;58
8.2.2;CATEGORIES AND LEVELS;60
8.2.3;HORMOHES AHD COMPLEXITY;65
8.2.4;HEW APPROACHES TO PLANT DEVELOPMENT;66
8.2.5;REFERENCES;67
8.3;Chapter 4. HORMONE RECEPTOR SITES AND THE STUDY OF PLANT DEVELOPMENT;72
8.3.1;INTRODUCTION;72
8.3.2;RECEPTOR CHARACTERISTICS;73
8.3.3;RECEPTOR MODULATION IN DEVELOPMENT;73
8.3.4;RESPONSE MUTANTS;75
8.3.5;BINDING SITES AND RECEPTORS;75
8.3.6;RECEPTOR PURIFICATION;76
8.3.7;CONCLUDING REMARKS;78
8.3.8;REFERENCES;78
8.4;Chapter 5. DO PLANT HORMONES REGULATE GENE EXPRESSION DURING DEVELOPMENT?;82
8.4.1;INTRODUCTION;82
8.4.2;AUXIN MODIFIED GENE EXPRESSION IN SOYBEAN AND PEA;83
8.4.3;GA REGULATED GENES IN CEREAL ALEURONES;85
8.4.4;REFERENCES;87
9;SECTION II: GENETICAL PROBING OF HORMONE ACTION IN DEVELOPMENT;90
9.1;Chapter 6. GIBBERELLIN–DEFICIENT MUTANTS OF MAIZE AND PEA AND THE MOLECULARACTION OF GIBBERELLINS;92
9.1.1;INTRODUCTION;92
9.1.2;GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS;92
9.1.3;NATIVE GAs IN SHOOTS OF PEA AND MAIZE;94
9.1.4;METABOLIC PATHWAYS IN SHOOTS OF PEA AND MAIZE;95
9.1.5;IDENTIFICATION OF GA1 AS THE NATIVE GA FOR STEM ELONGATION IN MAIZE AND PEA;96
9.1.6;QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GIBBERELLIN A1 AND STEM ELONGATION;98
9.1.7;LOCALISED BIOSYNTHESIS OF GIBBERELLIN A1;99
9.1.8;THE HORMONAL ROLE OF GIBBERELLIN A1 IN STEM ELONGATION OF MAIZE AND PEA;100
9.1.9;GIBBERELLIN A1 RECEPTORS IN STEM OF MAIZE AND PEA;100
9.1.10;REGULATION OF GIBBERELLIN A1 LEVELS IN MAIZE AND PEA;103
9.1.11;CONCLUSION;103
9.1.12;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;103
9.1.13;REFERENCES;103
9.2;Chapter 7. USE OF GENOTYPES DIFFERING IN ENDOGENOUS ABSCISIC ACID LEVELS IN STUDIES OF PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT;108
9.2.1;INTRODUCTION;108
9.2.2;THE NATURE OF MUTATIONS AFFECTING ABA LEVELS;108
9.2.3;THE ABA–DEFICIENT MUTANT PHENOTYPE;111
9.2.4;GENETIC VARIATION IN ABA CONTENT IN GENOTYPES NOT DEFICIENT IN ABA;117
9.2.5;CONCLUSIONS;118
9.2.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;119
9.2.7;REFERENCES;119
9.3;Chapter 8. GENETIC VARIANTS AS AIDS TO EXAMINE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ETHYLENE IN DEVELOPMENT;126
9.3.1;INTRODUCTION;126
9.3.2;ETHYLENE AND PLANT DEVELOPMENT;126
9.3.3;ETHYLENE AND MUTANTS;128
9.3.4;RIPENING, SENESCENCE AND ABSCISSION MUTANTS;130
9.3.5;SPECIES–SPECIFIC RESPONSES;133
9.3.6;CONCLUSIONS;134
9.3.7;REFERENCES;135
9.4;Chapter 9. CYTOKININ GENES;138
9.4.1;INTRODUCTION;138
9.4.2;CYTOKININ BIOSYNTHESIS AND TISSUE CULTURE AUTONOMY;139
9.4.3;CROWN GALL TISSUES;139
9.4.4;GENETIC TUMOURS;142
9.4.5;HABITUATED TISSUES;142
9.4.6;CYTOKININ METABOLISM IN TISSUE CULTURES;143
9.4.7;REFERENCES;147
10;SECTION III: CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBES IN STUDIES OF HORMONES;150
10.1;Chapter 10. THE USE OF INHIBITORS OF GIBBEHELLIN AND STEROL BIOSYNTHESIS TO PROBE HORMONE ACTION;152
10.1.1;INTRODUCTION;152
10.1.2;TRIAZOLES AS FUNGICIDES AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS;152
10.1.3;GROWTH INHIBITION AND THE INTERFERENCE OF GIBBERELLIN AND STEROL BIOSYNTHESIS BY TRIAZOLES;154
10.1.4;ARE PLANT REACTIONS TO TRIAZOLES OTHER THAN GROWTH INHIBITION RELATED TO ANINHIBITION OF GIBBERELLIN OR STEROL BIOSYNTHESIS;156
10.1.5;CONCLUSIONS;161
10.1.6;REFERENCES;162
10.2;Chapter 11. GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVITY AND DEPLETION IN WHEAT - CONSEQUENCES FOR DEVELOPMENT;164
10.2.1;INTRODUCTION;164
10.2.2;REDUCED–HEIGHT DWARFING GENES AND ENDOGENOUS GIBBERELLINS;170
10.2.3;GROWTH RETARDANTS, ENDOGENOUS GIBBERELLINS AND SHOOT GROWTH;172
10.2.4;CONCLUSIONS;176
10.2.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;176
10.2.6;REFERENCES;177
10.3;Chapter 12. MANIPULATION OF HORMONE TRANSPORT IN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES;180
10.3.1;INTRODUCTION;180
10.3.2;ELEMENTS OF HORMONE TRANSPORT;180
10.3.3;ASSESSMENT OF TARGETS FOR MANIPULATION;182
10.3.4;MANIPULATION OF ABA TRANSPORT;188
10.3.5;REFERENCES;188
10.4;Chapter 13. ARE HORMONES INVOLVED IN ASSIMILATE TRANSPORT?;194
10.4.1;INTRODUCTION;194
10.4.2;SOURCE/SINK LIMITATIONS OF ORGAN DEVELOPMENT;194
10.4.3;HORMONAL CONTROL OF ASSIMILATE TRANSPORT TO MERISTEMS;196
10.4.4;HORMONAL CONTROL OF ASSIMILATE TRANSPORT TO CELL EXPANSION/STORAGE SINKS;198
10.4.5;CONCLUSIONS;202
10.4.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;202
10.4.7;REFERENCES;202
10.5;Chapter 14. A STRUCTURED EVALUATION OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF ETHYLENE AND ABSCISIC ACID IN PLANTRESPONSES TO AERATION STRESS;208
10.5.1;INTRODUCTION;208
10.5.2;CASE No. 1 ETHYLENE AND EPINASTIC LEAP CURVATURE IN FLOODED TOMATO PLANTS;209
10.5.3;CONCLUSIONS FROM CASE 1;213
10.5.4;CASE No. 2 ABSCISIC ACID AND RAPID STOMATAL CLOSURE IN FLOODED PEA PLANTS;213
10.5.5;CONCLUSIONS FROM CASE 2;215
10.5.6;REFERENCES;216
10.6;Chapter 15. HORMONES AS CHEMICAL SIGNALS INVOLVED IN ROOT TO SHOOT COMMUNICATION OF EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN THE SOIL ENVIRONMENT;220
10.6.1;INTRODUCTION;220
10.6.2;STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE AND SOIL WATER STATUS;220
10.6.3;ROOT GROWTH AND WATER RELATIONS IN DRYING SOIL;222
10.6.4;NATURE OF THE CHEMICAL INFORMATION CONVEYED FROM ROOTS TO SHOOTS;223
10.6.5;ABA PRODUCTION BY ROOTS AND STOMATAL CLOSURE OF FLOODED PLANTS;227
10.6.6;ABA PRODUCTION BY ROOTS AND STOMATAL CLOSURE OF PLANTS IN DRYING SOIL;229
10.6.7;STOMATAL BEHAVIOUR AND ABA IN THE EPIDERMIS OF COMMELINA;230
10.6.8;CONCLUSIONS;230
10.6.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;231
10.6.10;REFERENCES;231
10.7;Chapter 16. HORMONE INVOLVEMENT IN DAYLENGTH AND VERNALIZATION CONTROL OF REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT;236
10.7.1;INTRODUCTION;236
10.7.2;AUXIN;238
10.7.3;THE ROLE OF THE GIBBERELLINS;240
10.7.4;THE CYTOKININS;243
10.7.5;ETHYLENE;243
10.7.6;ABSCISIC ACID;243
10.7.7;OTHER SUBSTANCES;243
10.7.8;SEX DETERMINATION AND SPECIFICITY OF NATURAL PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS;244
10.7.9;THE NATURAL FLOWERING HORMONE 'FLORIGEN' (ANTHESIN);244
10.7.10;INHIBITION AND INHIBITORS OF FLOWERING;245
10.7.11;REFERENCES;246
10.8;Chapter 17. TROPISMS AS INDICATORS OF HORMONE–MEDIATED GROWTH PHENOMENA;250
10.8.1;INTRODUCTION;250
10.8.2;CHARACTERISTICS OF HORMONE–MEDIATED GROWTH;252
10.8.3;CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPIC RESPONSES;252
10.8.4;PROPOSED MODEL FOR TROPIC CURAVTURE;263
10.8.5;REFERENCES;266
10.9;Chapter 18. HORMONES AND PLANT TROPISMS - THE DEGENERATION OF A MODEL OF HORMONAL CONTROL;270
10.9.1;INTRODUCTION;270
10.9.2;THE EVOLUTION OF MODELS OF HORMONAL CONTROL AS APPLIED TO SHOOT TROPISMS;270
10.9.3;SOME GENERAL LESSONS WHICH CAN BE LEARNED FROM THE EVOLUTION OF THESE MODELS;275
10.9.4;SOME GENERAL LESSONS WHICH CAN BE LEARNED FROM THE EVOLUTION OF THESE MODELS;275
10.9.5;OVERALL CONCLUSION;278
10.9.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;278
10.9.7;REFERENCES;278
11;SECTION IV: REVIEW AND FORWARD LOOK;282
11.1;Chapter 19. PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION IN DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES: HORMONES AND TARGET CELLS;284
11.1.1;INTRODUCTION;284
11.1.2;EVIDENCE FOR COMMITTED TABGET CELL TYPES;285
11.1.3;DIFFERENTIATION OF TARGET CELLS;286
11.1.4;HOW MIGHT AN ABSCISSION ZOHE CELL DIFFERENTIATION PROGRAMME DEVELOP?;287
11.1.5;HORMOHES AND DIFFERENTIATION SIGNALS;288
11.1.6;DIFFERENTIATION SIGNALS: CELL RECOGNITION AND RESPONSE;289
11.1.7;HORMONES AND BINDING PROTEINS;289
11.1.8;FLUIDITY AND FLEXIBILITY OF THE GENOME;290
11.1.9;STATOCYTES AS TARGET CELLS;291
11.1.10;REFERENCES;292
11.2;Chapter 20. BIOCHEMICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES;294
11.2.1;RECEPTOR PROTEINS;295
11.2.2;EXTENSION GROWTH;294
11.2.3;PHYSICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PLANT HORMONES AND CELL MEMBRANES;296
11.2.4;PHYSICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PLANT HORMONES AND CELL MEMBRANES;296
11.2.5;CELL WALLS AND HOBMONE ACTION;297
11.2.6;TURGOR REGULATION AND WATER MOVEMENT;298
11.2.7;REGULATION OF SYNTHETIC AND SECRETION PROCESSES;299
11.2.8;HOMOLOGIES BETWEEN GA RESPONSES IN EXTENDING AND SECRETING TISSUES;300
11.2.9;REGULATORS AND THE MAINTENANCE OF STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY;301
11.2.10;CONCLUDING REMARKS;301
11.2.11;REFERENCES;302
11.3;Chapter 21. MOLECÜLÄB APPROACHES FOR THE MANIPULATION OF DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES IN PLANTS;306
11.3.1;INTRODUCTION;306
11.3.2;CHARACTERISATION OF PLANT GENOMES;306
11.3.3;INFORMATIONAL TRANSFERS DURING PLANT DEVELOPMENT;309
11.3.4;ROLE OF GROWTH REGULATOR GENES IN DEVELOPMENT;312
11.3.5;FUTURE DIRECTIONS;313
11.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;313
11.3.7;REFERENCES;313
11.4;Chapter 22. TITLES OF POSTER PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE SYMPOSIUM;318
12;SUBJECT INDEX;326