Hobson / Speers Advances in Organic Geochemistry

Proceedings of the Third International Congress
1. Auflage 2015
ISBN: 978-1-4831-4607-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 588 Seiten, Web PDF

Advances in Organic Geochemistry is a collection of proceedings presented at the Third International Congress on Organic Geochemistry held in London on September 26-28, 1966. The papers explore advances in organic geochemistry and cover a wide range of topics, from carbon isotope variations in marine sediments to hydrogen isotopic fractionation of water passing through trees. Correlation problems among crude oils and the origin of trace metal enrichment in bituminous shales are also discussed. Comprised of 34 chapters, this volume begins by presenting the results of a carbon isotope study on methane from German coal deposits, followed by an analysis of the significance of carbon isotope variations in marine sediments. Subsequent chapters deal with the geochemical aspects of the occurrence of porphyrins in mineral oils and rocks in West Venezuela; pentacyclic triterpanes from petroleum; geochemical prospecting for petroleum; and the geochemical significance of pore fluid in shales. The nitrogenous constituents of deep-sea sediments are also considered, along with transformations of normal fatty acids in sediments and thermal alteration of organic matter in sediments. This book will be of interest to organic chemists and geochemists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hobson, G. D.

Speers, G. C.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Advances in Organic Geochemistry;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;PREFACE;10
6;CHAPTER 1.
CARBON ISOTOPE STUDY ON METHANE FROM GERMAN COAL DEPOSITS;12
6.1;Introduction;12
6.2;Experimental;15
6.3;Results and Discussion;19
6.4;Acknowledgements;35
6.5;References;36
7;CHAPTER 2.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CARBON ISOTOPE VARIATIONS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS;38
7.1;Introduction;38
7.2;Analytical Procedure;40
7.3;Discussion of Results;40
7.4;Conclusions;45
7.5;References;45
8;CHAPTER 3.
CARBON ISOTOPE EFFECTS IN METHANE PRODUCTION BY THERMAL CRACKING;48
8.1;Introduction;48
8.2;Carbon Isotope Fractionation;49
8.3;Procedure;52
8.4;Results and Discussion;55
8.5;Isotope Fractionation for Methane Produced from Naturally Occurring Organic Materials;59
8.6;Acknowledgements;63
8.7;References;63
9;CHAPTER 4.
HYDROGEN ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION OF WATER PASSING THROUGH TREES;66
9.1;Introduction;66
9.2;Sample Preparation;67
9.3;Results;68
9.4;Conclusions;76
9.5;Acknowledgements;77
9.6;References;78
10;CHAPTER 5.
GEOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF PORPHYRINS IN WEST VENEZUELAN MINERAL OILS AND ROCKS;80
10.1;Introduction;80
10.2;Discussion of the results;87
10.3;Why are porphyrins present in certain rocks and absent in others ?;92
10.4;Origin of the Lake Basin crude oils;94
10.5;General conclusions;96
10.6;Acknowledgement;96
10.7;References;96
11;CHAPTER 6.
RESEARCHES CONCERNING PORPHYRINS AND METAL COMPLEXES OF PORPHYRINS FROM THE POSIDONOMYA SHALES OF SWABIA (BRD);98
11.1;Abstract;98
12;CHAPTER 7. PENTACYCLIC TRITERPANES FROM PETROLEUM AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
;100
12.1;Introduction;100
12.2;Experimental;101
12.3;Discussion;106
12.4;Acknowledgements;120
12.5;References;120
13;CHAPTER 8.
CORRELATION PROBLEMS AMONG CRUDE OILS;122
13.1;Introduction;122
13.2;"Characteristics of maturity" and "characteristics of correlation";123
13.3;Oil samples from the Gifhorn trough
;124
13.4;Analytical procedure;125
13.5;Discussion of the analytical results;128
13.6;Characteristics of maturity and correlation, and their geological interpretation;131
13.7;Conclusions;136
13.8;Acknowledgments;137
13.9;References;137
14;CHAPTER 9.
ÉTUDE SUR LES TRANSFORMATIONS PHYSIQUES ET CHIMIQUES DES PÉTROLES EN LIAISON AVEC LES CONDITIONS GÉOLOGIQUES;140
14.1;I. Introduction;140
14.2;II. Généralités sur la transformation phisique;143
14.3;III. Généralités sur la transformation chimique;148
14.4;Conclusions;161
14.5;Bibliographie;161
15;CHAPTER 10.
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE, AND A CLAY MINERAL ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF AN AROMATIC FRACTION OF A CRUDE OIL;164
15.1;Abstract;164
16;CHAPTER 11.
INFLUENCE DU MODE D'ÉCHANTILLONNAGE SUR LA COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE DES FRACTIONS LÉGÈRES D'UNE HUILE BRUTE;166
16.1;Introduction;166
16.2;1. Schema analytique d'un brut de C1 à C30;167
16.3;2. Échantillonnage représentatif du brut du gisement;169
16.4;3. Conséquences pratiques pour létude des bruts
;194
17;CHAPTER 12.
GEOCHEMICAL PROSPECTING FOR PETROLEUM;196
17.1;Abstract;196
18;CHAPTER 13.
APPLICATION OF DATA PROCESSING METHODS TO GEOCHEMICAL PROSPECTING FOR PETROLEUM;198
18.1;Introduction;198
18.2;Model;199
18.3;Procedure;199
18.4;Mapping;203
18.5;Conclusions;204
18.6;References;205
19;CHAPTER 14.
PORE FLUID IN SHALES AND ITS GEOCHEMICAL SIGNIFICANCE;206
19.1;Introduction;206
19.2;Experimental results;215
19.3;Discussion;221
19.4;Conclusions;229
19.5;Acknowledgements;231
19.6;References;231
20;CHAPTER 15. DIFFUSION OF LIGHT PARAFFIN HYDROCARBONS IN WATER FROM 2°C TO 80°C
;234
20.1;Introduction;234
20.2;Experimental;235
20.3;Discussion of results;236
20.4;Summary;244
20.5;Acknowledgments;244
20.6;Nomenclature;244
20.7;References;245
21;CHAPTER 16.
ORIGIN OF TRACE METAL ENRICHMENT IN BITUMINOUS SHALES;246
21.1;References;250
22;CHAPTER 17.
NITROGENOUS CONSTITUENTS OF DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS;252
22.1;Introduction;252
22.2;Descriptions of samples;253
22.3;Preparation of samples;254
22.4;Analytical methods;255
22.5;Results and discussion;262
22.6;Acknowledgements;275
22.7;References;275
23;CHAPTER 18. ÉTUDE DES PREMIERS STADES D'ÉVOLUTION DE LA MATIÈRE ORGANIQUE DANS DES MARES EN MILIEU RÉCIFAL (Polynésie française)
;280
23.1;A. Les matières organiques accumulées dans les mares d'eau douce;282
23.2;B. Les matières organiques accumulées dans les mares d'eau saumâtre;290
23.3;Conclusions;298
23.4;Remerciements;298
23.5;Bibliographie;298
24;CHAPTER 19.
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN RECENT LAKE SEDIMENTS;300
24.1;Introduction;300
24.2;Experimental;301
24.3;Results and discussion;307
24.4;Conclusions;324
24.5;Acknowledgments;326
24.6;References;326
25;CHAPTER 20.
BOTANICAL, CHEMICAL AND MICRO-BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF PEAT ACCUMULATION PROCESSES IN THE EVERGLADES OF FLORIDA;328
25.1;Abstract;328
26;CHAPTER 21.
FATTY ACIDS IN SEDIMENTS INCLUDING THE GREEN RIVER SHALE (EOCENE) AND SCOTTISH TORBANITE (CARBONIFEROUS);330
26.1;Introduction;330
26.2;Experimental;334
26.3;Results;336
26.4;Discussion;343
26.5;Acknowledgements;346
26.6;References;347
27;CHAPTER 22.
EVIDENCE FOR TRANSFORMATIONS OF NORMAL FATTY ACIDS IN SEDIMENTS;350
27.1;Previous Work;350
27.2;Analytical Procedure;351
27.3;Display of Data;356
27.4;Normal Fatty Acids and Paraffins in Modern Sediments;359
27.5;Normal Fatty Acids and Paraffins in Ancient Sediments;366
27.6;Summary;379
27.7;Acknowledgement;381
27.8;References;381
28;CHAPTER 23.
THE MECHANISM OF THE GENERATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS FROM A FATTY ACID;382
28.1;Abstract;382
29;CHAPTER 24.
THERMAL ALTERATION OF THE ORGANIC MATTER IN SEDIMENTS;384
29.1;Introduction;384
29.2;Experimental;387
29.3;Results;390
29.4;Discussion;395
29.5;Acknowledgements;401
29.6;References;401
30;CHAPTER 25.
INFLUENCE DE L'ORIGINE DES MATIÈRES ORGANIQUES ET DE LEUR DEGRÉ D'ÉVOLUTION SUR LES PRODUITS DE PYROLYSE DU KÉROGÈNE;404
30.1;I. Introduction;404
30.2;II. Rappel des mécanismes de genèse des hydrocarbures;405
30.3;III. Pyrolyse du kérogène;407
30.4;IV. Étude de deux niveaux argileux du Nord Sahara;411
30.5;V. Interprétation des résultats;418
30.6;Conclusion;423
30.7;Bibliographie;424
31;CHAPTER 26.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INSOLUBLE ORGANIC MATTER OF SEDIMENTS BY PYROLYSIS;426
31.1;Introduction;426
31.2;The significance of volatile matter and fixed carbon contents of coals;427
31.3;Method;429
31.4;CR/CT ratios of peats, lignite and humic coals;431
31.5;CR/CT ratios of shales associated with coals (Westphalian B) from the Netherlands;433
31.6;CR/CT ratios of West European Liassic sediments;435
31.7;CR/CT ratios of West Venezuelan Cretaceous La Luna sediment samples;439
31.8;Comparison of CR/CT ratios with other data;441
31.9;Final remarks;443
31.10;Acknowledgement;444
31.11;References;444
32;CHAPTER 27.
A LASER-MICROPYROLYSIS SYSTEM FOR THE STUDY OF ORGANIC SEDIMENTS AND INCLUSIONS;446
32.1;Abstract;446
33;CHAPTER 28.
EXPERIMENTAL DIAGENESIS OF THE NAUTILUS SHELL;448
33.1;Comments and conclusions;457
33.2;Acknowledgements;459
33.3;References;459
34;CHAPTER 29.
INDICATIONS OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE PROCESSES IN ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY;462
34.1;1. Introduction;462
34.2;2. The Outlines of the Geology of the North Derbyshire ore field;463
34.3;3. The reconstruction of the genetic history of bitumens from Derbyshire;463
34.4;4. Organic geochemical thermometers and manometers in the North Derbyshire ore field;468
34.5;5. Some theoretical considerations;484
34.6;References;486
35;CHAPTER 30.
POSSIBLE TAXONOMIC INTERPRETATION OF SOME PALAEOZOIC AND PRECAMBRIAN CARBOHYDRATE RESIDUES;488
35.1;Introduction;488
35.2;Methods;488
35.3;Carbohydrate components of some living materials of geological importance;490
35.4;Total carbohydrate residues in Precambrian rocks;496
35.5;Total carbohydrate contents of some palaeozoic fossils and carbonaceous rocks;498
35.6;Monosaccharide components of some recent sediments;500
35.7;Monosaccharides in Precambrian rocks;502
35.8;Monosaccharides in Palaeozoic rocks;504
35.9;Monosaccharides of Palaeozoic fossils;505
35.10;Oligosaccharide and polysaccharide content of Palaeozoic rocks;505
35.11;Summary and conclusions;507
35.12;Acknowledgements;509
35.13;References;509
36;CHAPTER 31.
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS FROM THE PRE-CAMBRIAN OF NORTH AMERICA AND SOUTH AFRICA;512
36.1;Introduction;512
36.2;Experimental;513
36.3;Results;514
36.4;Discussion;521
36.5;Conclusions;523
36.6;Acknowledgments;524
36.7;References;524
37;CHAPTER 32.
HYDROCARBONS IN METEORITES;526
37.1;Introduction;526
37.2;Methods;526
37.3;Results;528
37.4;Discussion;535
37.5;Conclusions;537
37.6;Acknowledgements;538
37.7;References;539
38;CHAPTER 33.
PRIMITIVE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS;542
38.1;References;554
39;CHAPTER 34.
ON THE SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES UNDER PRIMITIVE EARTH CONDITIONS;558
39.1;References;564
40;AUTHOR INDEX;566
41;SUBJECT INDEX;576
42;OTHER TITLES IN THE SERIES IN EARTH SCIENCES;596