Hoff / Keep / Xi Brain Edema XIII

1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-3-211-30714-4
Verlag: Springer Vienna
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 96, 460 Seiten

Reihe: Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement

This volume contains 93 papers from internationally recognized experts in the field of brain edema and brain injury. The papers include human and animal studies on edema following stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury and hydrocephalus. Papers also address fluid dynamics in the brain (including the role of aquaporins).

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hoff, Julian T.

Keep, Richard F.

Xi, Guohua

Hua, Ya

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Acknowledgments;7
2.1;Brain Edema XIII;7
2.2;Intracerebral Hemorrhage Conference;7
3;Contents;8
4;Human Brain Injury;15
4.1;Surgical management of early massive edema caused by cerebral contusion in head trauma patients;16
4.1.1;Introduction;16
4.1.2;Materials and methods;16
4.1.3;Results;17
4.1.4;Discussion;17
4.1.5;Conclusion;18
4.1.6;References;19
4.2;BrainIT: a trans-national head injury monitoring research network;20
4.2.1;Introduction;20
4.2.2;Materials and methods;21
4.2.3;Conclusion;22
4.2.4;Results;22
4.2.5;References;23
4.3;Decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury: outcome following protocol-driven therapy;24
4.3.1;Introduction;24
4.3.2;Materials and methods;24
4.3.3;Results;26
4.3.4;Discussion;27
4.3.5;Acknowledgments;28
4.3.6;References;28
4.4;Decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury: the randomized multicenter RESCUEicp study (www.RESCUEicp.com);30
4.4.1;Introduction;30
4.4.2;Methodology;31
4.4.3;Acknowledgments;33
4.4.4;References;33
4.4.5;Conclusion;33
4.5;Cerebral hemisphere asymmetry in cerebrovascular regulation in ventilated traumatic brain injury;34
4.5.1;Summary such regulation with clinical outcome in ventilated;34
4.5.2;Materials and methods;34
4.5.3;Introduction;34
4.5.4;Results;34
4.5.5;Discussion unfavorable outcome. In contrast, PAR impairment;36
4.5.6;References;36
4.6;Traumatic brain edema in di¤use and focal injury: cellular or vasogenic?;37
4.6.1;Introduction;37
4.6.2;Results;38
4.6.3;Discussion;40
4.6.4;Conclusion;42
4.6.5;Acknowledgments;42
4.6.6;References of severe brain injury. Acta Radiol 42: 365–369;42
4.7;CT prediction of contusion evolution after closed head injury: the role of pericontusional edema;43
4.7.1;Materials and methods;43
4.7.2;Introduction;43
4.7.3;Results;43
4.7.4;Discussion;44
4.7.5;References;45
4.8;Organ dysfunction assessment score for severe head injury patients during brain hypothermia;46
4.8.1;Introduction;46
4.8.2;Results cooling phase, the neurological outcome was independently;47
4.8.3;Discussion;47
4.8.4;Conclusion;49
4.8.5;References;49
4.9;Importance of cerebral perfusion pressure management using cerebrospinal drainage in severe traumatic brain injury;50
4.9.1;Materials and methods;50
4.9.2;Introduction;50
4.9.3;Results;51
4.9.4;Conclusion;52
4.10;Acute hemispheric swelling associated with thin subdural hematomas: pathophysiology of repetitive head injury in sports;53
4.10.1;Materials and methods;53
4.10.2;Results;53
4.10.3;Introduction;53
4.10.4;Discussion;54
4.10.5;References;55
4.11;Rewarming following accidental hypothermia in patients with acute subdural hematoma: case report;57
4.11.1;Case history;57
4.11.2;Introduction;57
4.11.3;Discussion;59
4.11.4;Conclusion;60
4.12;Clinical characteristics of postoperative contralateral intracranial hematoma after traumatic brain injury;61
4.12.1;Summary however, have described the clinical characteristics of;61
4.12.2;Materials and methods;61
4.12.3;Introduction;61
4.12.4;Results Discussion;62
4.12.5;References;63
4.12.6;Conclusions;63
5;Human Intracranial Hemorrhage;64
5.1;Diagnostic impact of the spectrum of ischemic cerebral blood flow thresholds in sedated subarachnoid hemorrhage patients;65
5.1.1;Introduction;65
5.1.2;Materials and methods;65
5.1.3;Discussion;66
5.1.4;Results;66
5.1.5;References;68
5.2;Pharmacological brain cooling with indomethacin in acute hemorrhagic stroke: antiinflammatory cytokines and antioxidative e¤ects;69
5.2.1;Introduction;69
5.2.2;Materials and methods;70
5.2.3;Results;70
5.2.4;Discussion .ndings indicate that PBC improves outcomes and;71
5.2.5;Conclusion;72
5.2.6;Acknowledgments;72
5.2.7;References in cultured human vascular endothelial cells. Neurol Res;72
5.3;The significance of crossovers after randomization in the STICH trial;73
5.3.1;Materials and methods;73
5.3.2;Results;73
5.3.3;Introduction;73
5.3.4;Discussion;75
5.3.5;References;76
5.3.6;Conclusions;76
5.4;Intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: results from the STICH trial;77
5.4.1;Materials and methods;77
5.4.2;Introduction;77
5.4.3;Results Outcome;78
5.4.4;References;79
5.4.5;Discussion;79
5.5;Changes in coagulative and .brinolytic activities in patients with intracranial hemorrhage;81
5.5.1;Summary host responses have been found to be closely;81
5.5.2;Materials and methods;81
5.5.3;Introduction;81
5.5.4;Results;82
5.5.5;Discussion;82
5.5.6;Conclusions;84
5.6;The effect of hematoma removal for reducing the development of brain edema in cases of putaminal hemorrhage;86
5.6.1;Summary perform surgical treatment for ICH in Western countries.;86
5.6.2;Introduction;86
5.6.3;Materials and methods;87
5.6.4;Results;87
5.6.5;Discussion;87
5.6.6;References;89
5.7;Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in humans: hematoma enlargement, clot lysis, and brain edema;90
5.7.1;Materials and methods;90
5.7.2;Introduction;90
5.7.3;Results patients. Hematoma enlargement occurred in 4 of 17;91
5.7.4;Discussion may be related to erythrocyte lysis, because infusion of;91
5.7.5;References;92
5.8;Evaluation of acute perihematomal regional apparent diffcusion coeffcient abnormalities by diffusion-weighted imaging;93
5.8.1;Introduction;93
5.8.2;Materials and methods;93
5.8.3;Discussion;95
5.8.4;Results perihemorrhagic rADC values were elevated, suggesting;95
5.8.5;References there a perihemorrhagic penumbra? Stroke 34: 1674–1680;96
5.9;Reperfusion of low attenuation areas complicating subarachnoid hemorrhage;97
5.9.1;Summary over time of the regional cerebral blood .ow;97
5.9.2;Materials and methods;97
5.9.3;Introduction;97
5.9.4;Results;98
5.9.5;Discussion;99
5.9.6;References;99
6;Human Cerebral Ischemia;100
6.1;Stroke in the young: relationship of active cocaine use with stroke mechanism and outcome;101
6.1.1;Materials and methods;101
6.1.2;Introduction;101
6.1.3;Results;101
6.1.4;Discussion;104
6.1.5;References;105
6.2;Brain oxygen metabolism may relate to the temperature gradient between the jugular vein and pulmonary artery after cardiopulmonary resuscitation;107
6.2.1;Summary;107
6.2.2;Materials and methods;107
6.2.3;Introduction;107
6.2.4;Results;108
6.2.5;Discussion;108
6.2.6;References;109
6.2.7;Conclusion;109
7;Imaging/Monitoring;110
7.1;Intracranial pressure monitoring: modeling cerebrovascular pressure transmission;111
7.1.1;M. L. Daley1, C. W. Le¿er2, M. Czosnyka3, and J. D. Pickard3;111
7.1.2;Summary when pressure regulation of cerebral blood;111
7.1.3;Introduction;111
7.1.4;Materials and methods;112
7.1.5;Results;112
7.1.6;Discussion;113
7.1.7;References;115
7.2;Use of ICMBsoftware for on-line analysis of intracranial and arterial pressures in head-injured patients;116
7.2.1;Introduction;116
7.2.2;Materials and methods;117
7.2.3;Discussion;117
7.2.4;Conclusion;120
7.2.5;Acknowledgments;120
7.3;Monitoring and interpretation of intracranial pressure after head injury;122
7.3.1;M. Czosnyka, P. J. Hutchinson, M. Balestreri, M. Hiler, P. Smielewski, and J. D. Pickard;122
7.3.2;Summary to prevent potentially life-threatening cerebral hypoperfusion.;122
7.3.3;Patients and methods;122
7.3.4;Introduction;122
7.3.5;Results;123
7.3.6;Discussion;125
7.3.7;Conclusion;125
7.3.8;Acknowledgments;125
7.3.9;References;126
8;Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury;127
8.1;The temporal profile of edema formation differs between male and female rats ollowing diffuse traumatic brain injury;128
8.1.1;Summary;128
8.1.2;Introduction;128
8.1.3;Materials and methods;128
8.1.4;Results;129
8.1.5;Discussion;130
8.1.6;References;130
8.2;The effect of intravenous fluid replacement on the response to mannitol in experimental cerebral edema: an analysis of intracranial pressure, serum osmolality, serum electrolytes, and brain water content;132
8.2.1;Summary;132
8.2.2;Materials and methods;132
8.2.3;Introduction;132
8.2.4;Results;134
8.2.5;Discussion;134
8.2.6;References;135
8.3;Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is associated with blood-brain barrier opening and brain edema formation after cortical contusion in rats;137
8.3.1;Summary;137
8.3.2;Materials and methods;137
8.3.3;Introduction;137
8.3.4;Results;138
8.3.5;Discussion;139
8.3.6;References;140
8.4;Delayed precursor cell marker response in hippocampus following cold injury-induced brain edema;141
8.4.1;Summary;141
8.4.2;Materials and methods;141
8.4.3;Introduction;141
8.4.4;Results;142
8.4.5;Discussion;144
8.4.6;Acknowledgments;145
8.4.7;References;145
8.5;Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor does not a¤ect contusion size, brain edema or cerebrospinal .uid glutamate concentrations in rats following controlled cortical impact;146
8.5.1;Summary;146
8.5.2;Introduction;146
8.5.3;Methods;146
8.5.4;Results;148
8.5.5;Discussion hours following injury. Error-bars indicate;148
8.5.6;References;149
8.5.7;Conclusion;149
8.6;Unilateral spatial neglect and memory de.cit associated with abnormal in Mongolian gerbils;151
8.6.1;Summary;151
8.6.2;Introduction;151
8.6.3;Materials and methods;151
8.6.4;Results;152
8.6.5;Discussion;153
8.7;Alteration of gap junction proteins (connexins) following lateral fluid percussion injury in rats;155
8.7.1;Summary;155
8.7.2;Introduction;155
8.7.3;Results;156
8.7.4;Discussion;157
8.7.5;References;157
8.8;Zinc protoporphyrin IX attenuates closed head injury-induced edema formation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and serotonin levels in the rat;158
8.8.1;Summary;158
8.8.2;Introduction;158
8.8.3;Materials and methods;159
8.8.4;Results;159
8.8.5;Conclusion;161
8.8.6;Acknowledgments;161
8.8.7;References;161
8.9;A novel neuroprotective compound FR901459 with dual inhibition of calcineurin and cyclophilins;164
8.9.1;Summary;164
8.9.2;Introduction;164
8.9.3;Results;165
8.9.4;Materials and methods;165
8.9.5;Discussion;166
8.9.6;References;168
8.10;Search for novel gene markers of traumatic brain injury by time differential microarray analysis;170
8.10.1;Summary;170
8.10.2;Introduction;170
8.10.3;Results and discussion;171
8.10.4;Reference;174
8.10.5;Conclusion;174
8.11;Diffusion tensor feature in vasogenic brain edema in cats;175
8.11.1;Summary;175
8.11.2;Materials and methods;175
8.11.3;Introduction;175
8.11.4;Results;176
8.11.5;Discussion;176
8.11.6;References;177
8.12;Bolus tracer delivery measured by MRI confirms edema without blood-brain barrier permeability in di¤use traumatic brain injury;178
8.12.1;Summary;178
8.12.2;Introduction;178
8.12.3;Materials and methods;179
8.12.4;Results;179
8.12.5;Conclusions;181
8.12.6;References;181
9;Experimental Intracranial Hemorrhage;182
9.1;Delayed profound local brain hypothermia markedly reduces interleukin-1b gene expression and vasogenic edema development in a porcine model of intracerebral hemorrhage;183
9.1.1;Summary;183
9.1.2;Introduction;183
9.1.3;Materials and methods;184
9.1.4;Results;185
9.1.5;Discussion;185
9.1.6;Acknowledgments;186
9.1.7;References;186
9.2;Alterations in intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury in the iron deficient rat;189
9.2.1;J. Shao1, G. Xi2, Y. Hua2, T. Schallert2,3, and B. T. Felt4;189
9.2.2;Summary Recent studies suggest that iron and oxidative stress;189
9.2.3;Introduction;189
9.2.4;Materials and methods;190
9.2.5;Results;190
9.2.6;Discussion;191
9.2.7;References;192
9.3;Neuroprotective effect of hyperbaric oxygen in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage;194
9.3.1;Summary a multi-component system including cytoplasmic subunits:;194
9.3.2;Introduction;194
9.3.3;Materials and methods;195
9.3.4;Results;195
9.3.5;Discussion;197
9.3.6;References;198
9.4;Iron-induced oxidative brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage;200
9.4.1;Summary;200
9.4.2;Materials and methods;200
9.4.3;Introduction;200
9.4.4;Results ;201
9.4.5;Discussion;203
9.4.6;Conclusion;203
9.4.7;References;203
9.5;Deferoxamine reduces CSF free iron levels following intracerebral hemorrhage;205
9.5.1;Summary;205
9.5.2;Materials and methods;205
9.5.3;Introduction;205
9.5.4;Results;206
9.5.5;Discussion;207
9.5.6;Acknowledgments;208
9.5.7;References;208
9.6;Up-regulation of brain ceruloplasmin in thrombin preconditioning;209
9.6.1;Summary;209
9.6.2;Introduction;209
9.6.3;Results;210
9.6.4;Discussion;210
9.6.5;Acknowledgments;212
9.6.6;References;212
9.7;Hydrocephalus in a rat model of intraventricular hemorrhage;213
9.7.1;Summary;213
9.7.2;Introduction;213
9.7.3;Results;215
9.7.4;Discussion;216
9.7.5;Acknowledgments;216
9.7.6;References;216
9.8;Early hemostatic therapy using recombinant factor VIIa in a collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage model in rats;218
9.8.1;Summary;218
9.8.2;Introduction;218
9.8.3;Materials and methods;219
9.8.4;Results;220
9.8.5;Discussion;221
9.8.6;References;223
9.9;Effects of endogenous and exogenous estrogen on intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain damage in rats;224
9.9.1;Summary;224
9.9.2;Materials and methods;224
9.9.3;Introduction;224
9.9.4;Results;225
9.9.5;Discussion;226
9.9.6;Acknowledgments;227
9.9.7;References;227
9.10;Dopamine changes in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage;228
9.10.1;Summary;228
9.10.2;Introduction;228
9.10.3;Materials and methods;229
9.10.4;Discussion;229
9.10.5;Acknowledgments;231
9.10.6;References;231
9.11;Intracerebral hemorrhage in complement C3-de.cient mice;233
9.11.1;Summary;233
9.11.2;Introduction;233
9.11.3;Materials and methods;233
9.11.4;Results;234
9.11.5;Discussion;235
9.11.6;Acknowledgments;236
9.11.7;References;236
9.12;Systemic zinc protoporphyrin administration reduces intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury;238
9.12.1;Summary;238
9.12.2;Introduction ;238
9.12.3;Results;239
9.12.4;Discussion;240
9.12.5;Acknowledgments;241
9.12.6;References;241
10;Experimental Cerebral Ischemia;243
10.1;Restitution of ischemic injuries in penumbra of cerebral cortex after temporary ischemia;244
10.2;Inhibition of NaB/HB exchanger isoform 1 attenuates mitochondrial cytochrome C release in cortical neurons following in vitro ischemia;249
10.3;Controlled normothermia during ischemia is important for the induction of neuronal cell death after global ischemia in mouse;254
10.4;Ex vivo measurement of brain tissue viscoelasticity in postischemic brain edema;259
10.4.1;Summary;259
10.4.2;Materials and methods;259
10.4.3;Introduction the animal was allowed to recover from anesthesia; the stroke;259
10.4.4;Results;260
10.4.5;Discussion;261
10.5;Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on blood-brain barrier integrity following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat;263
10.6;Increased substance P immunoreactivity and edema formation following reversible ischemic stroke;268
10.7;Micro-blood-brain barrier openings and cytotoxic fragments of amyloid precursor protein accumulation in white matter after ischemic brain injury in long-lived rats;272
10.8;Time profile of eosinophilic neurons in the cortical layers and cortical atrophy;277
10.9;Forebrain ischemia and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier;281
10.10;Neurological dysfunctions versus apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 abnormality after transient focal cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils;284
10.11;Progressive expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenesis after chronic ischemic hypoperfusion in rat;288
10.12;Intracerebral administration of neuronal nitric oxide synthase antiserum attenuates traumatic brain injury-induced blood-brain barrier permeability, brain edema formation, and sensory motor disturbances in the rat;293
10.13;Effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol on ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier disruption;300
10.14;Long-term cognitive and neuropsychological symptoms after global cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils;304
10.15;Protective e¤ect of the V1a receptor antagonist SR49059 on brain edema formation following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat;308
11;Experimental Spinal Cord Injury;312
11.1;Topical application of dynorphin A (1-17) antibodies attenuates neuronal nitric oxide synthase up-regulation, edema formation, and cell injury following focal trauma to the rat spinal cord;313
11.2;Histamine receptors in.uence blood-spinal cord barrier permeability, edema formation, and spinal cord blood .ow following trauma to the rat spinal cord;320
11.3;Post-injury treatment with a new antioxidant compound H-290/51 attenuates spinal cord trauma-induced c-fos expression, motor dysfunction, edema formation, and cell injury in the rat;326
11.4;Post-traumatic application of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glia-derived neurotrophic factor on the rat spinal cord enhances neuroprotection and improves motor function;333
11.5;Chronic spinal nerve ligation induces microvascular permeability disturbances, astrocytic reaction, and structural changes in the rat spinal cord;339
12;Hydrocephalus;345
12.1;Gravitational valves: relevant di¤erences with di¤erent technical solutions to counteract hydrostatic pressure;346
12.2;Brain tissue water content in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus;351
12.3;Predictors of outcome in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus;355
12.4;On the optimal opening pressure of hydrostatic valves in cases of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: a prospective randomized study with 123 patients;361
12.5;Outcome predictors for normal-pressure hydrocephalus;367
12.6;First clinical experiences in patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus with the adjustable gravity valve manufactured by Aesculap (proGAVAesculap2);371
12.7;Decompressive craniectomy for severe head injury in patients with major extracranial injuries;376
12.8;Clinical outcome of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus three years after shunt implantation;380
12.9;Is it possible to optimize treatment of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus by implanting an adjustable Medos Hakim valve in combination with a Miethke shunt assistant?;384
13;Aquaporins;389
13.1;Increased seizure duration in mice lacking aquaporin-4 water channels;390
13.2;Modulation of AQP4 expression by the protein kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate, decreases ischemia-induced brain edema;394
13.3;Astrocytes co-express aquaporin-1, -4, and vascular endothelial growth factor in brain edema tissue associated with brain contusion;399
13.4;Magnesium restores altered aquaporin-4 immunoreactivity following traumatic brain injury to a pre-injury state;403
14;Neuroprotection and Neurotoxicity;408
14.1;Positive selective brain cooling method: a novel, simple, and selective nasopharyngeal brain cooling method;409
14.2;Mechanism of neuroprotective e¤ect induced by QingKaiLing as an adjuvant drug in rabbits with E. coli bacterial meningitis;413
14.3;Acceleration of chemokine production from endothelial cells in response to lipopolysaccharide in hyperglycemic condition;419
14.4;Photodynamic therapy increases brain edema and intracranial pressure in a rabbit brain tumor model;422
14.5;Whole-body hyperthermia in the rat disrupts the blood-cerebrospinal .uid barrier and induces brain edema;426
15;ICP, CSF, and the Cerebrovasculature;432
15.1;Dynamics of cerebral venous and intracranial pressures;433
15.2;E¤ects of angiopoietin-1 on vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in the mouse brain;436
15.3;In.ammation and brain edema: new insights into the role of chemokines and their receptors;442
15.4;Atrial natriuretic peptide: its putative role in modulating the choroid plexus-CSF system for intracranial pressure regulation;449
16;Author index;455
17;Index of keywords;457