Hong / Wu / Kim Landscape Ecology in Asian Cultures

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-4-431-87799-8
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 331 Seiten

Cultural landscapes are a product of the interactions between humans and natural settings. They are landscapes and seascapes that are shaped by human history and land use. Socioeconomic processes especially, but also environmental changes and natural disturbances, are some of the forces that make up landscape dynamics. To understand and manage such complex landscapes, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches are necessary, emphasizing the integration of natural and social sciences and considering multiple landscape functions. The spatial patterns of Asian landscapes are strongly related to human activities and their impacts. Anthropogenic patterns and processes have created numerous traditional cultural landscapes throughout the region, and understanding them requires indigenous knowledge. Cultural landscape ecology from a uniquely Asian perspective is explored in this book, as are the management of landscapes and land-use policies. Human-dominated landscapes with long traditions, such as those described herein, provide useful information for all ecologists, not only in Asia, to better understand the human–environmental relationship and landscape sustainability.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hong, Sun-Kee

Wu, Jianguo

Kim, Jae-Eun

Nakagoshi, Nobukazu

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Hong_FM_O.pdf;1
2;Hong_Part1_O.pdf;19
2.1;Chap1;19
2.1.1;Part IUnderstanding Asian Cultural Landscapes;19
3;Hong_Ch01_O.pdf;20
3.1;Chapter 1: Historical Perspectives on the Relationships between Humanity and Nature in Japan;20
3.1.1;1.1 Introduction;20
3.1.1.1;1.1.1 Human Activities and Vegetation in Pre-History;21
3.1.2;1.2 Forests in Historical Period;22
3.1.3;1.3 Forest Commodities and the Appearance of Grass-Covered Mountains;23
3.1.4;1.4 Logging and the Wilderness in the Deep Mountains;25
3.1.5;1.5 Conclusion;26
3.1.6;References;27
4;Hong_Ch02_O.pdf;28
4.1;Chapter 2: Eco-Cultural Diversity in Island and Coastal Landscapes: Conservation and Development;28
4.1.1;2.1 Introduction;28
4.1.1.1;2.1.1 The Necessity of Eco-Tourism in Island and Coastal Areas;30
4.1.2;2.2 Development of Eco-Tourism Resources;32
4.1.2.1;2.2.1 The Link Between Historical–Cultural–Ecological Resources Along the Southwest Coast in Korea;32
4.1.2.2;2.2.2 Securing Resources;35
4.1.3;2.3 Investigation of the Social and Cultural Infrastructure;38
4.1.3.1;2.3.1 Case Study;40
4.1.3.1.1;2.3.1.1 Outline of the Case Study Area;40
4.1.3.1.2;2.3.1.2 Survey Method;40
4.1.3.1.3;2.3.1.3 The Results of the Case Survey;40
4.1.4;2.4 Conclusions;43
4.1.5;References;44
5;Hong_Ch03_O.pdf;46
5.1;Chapter 3: Ethnic Culture and Nature: Interactionsin the Hani Terrace Landscape;46
5.1.1;3.1 Culture, Nature, and Landscape;46
5.1.2;3.2 Semi-Directive Interview Methods;48
5.1.3;3.3 Nature and the Hani Terrace Landscape;48
5.1.3.1;3.3.1 Location;48
5.1.3.2;3.3.2 Topography and the Hani Terraces;49
5.1.3.3;3.3.3 The Subtropical Monsoon Climate and the HaniPaddy Terraces;49
5.1.3.4;3.3.4 Soil and the Formation of Hani Terraces;50
5.1.3.5;3.3.5 Forests and the Maintenance of Hani Terraces;50
5.1.4;3.4 The Hani Culture and Terraced Landscapes;50
5.1.4.1;3.4.1 Culture and the Cultural Landscapes of Hani Terraces;50
5.1.4.2;3.4.2 The Components and Spatial Structure of Hani Terrace Landscapes;51
5.1.4.3;3.4.3 The Function of the Hani Terraced Landscape;52
5.1.4.4;3.4.4 The Traditional “Village Division Measure” of Hani Ethnic Groups;52
5.1.5;3.5 The Conflict Between Hani Culture and Nature;53
5.1.5.1;3.5.1 The Obstruction of Nature and Culture;53
5.1.5.2;3.5.2 Low Productivity;53
5.1.5.3;3.5.3 Tension of Human–Land Relationships;53
5.1.6;3.6 Interactions of Hani Culture and Nature;54
5.1.7;3.7 Conclusion;55
5.1.8;References;56
6;Hong_Ch04_O.pdf;58
6.1;Chapter 4: The Characteristics of the Cultural Landscape in Malaysia: Concept and Perspective;58
6.1.1;4.1 Introduction;58
6.1.2;4.2 Cultural Landscapes in Malaysia: Concept and Perspective;60
6.1.3;4.3 Merbok Estuary: A Coastal Cultural Landscape;63
6.1.3.1;4.3.1 Traditional Features;65
6.1.3.2;4.3.2 Historical Features;67
6.1.3.3;4.3.3 Non-Traditional Features;67
6.1.4;4.4 Conclusion;67
6.1.5;References;69
7;Hong_Ch05_O.pdf;71
7.1;Chapter 5: Introducing Geo-Cultural Landscapes in Iran;71
7.1.1;5.1 Introduction;71
7.1.2;5.2 Geo-Cultural Landscape Character;72
7.1.3;5.3 Cultural Landscapes in Iran;72
7.1.4;5.4 History of Takht-e Soleyman;73
7.1.5;5.5 The Takht-e Soleyman Area;74
7.1.5.1;5.5.1 Takht-e Soleyman;74
7.1.5.2;5.5.2 Zendan-e Soleyman;77
7.1.5.3;5.5.3 Belqeis Fortress;79
7.1.5.4;5.5.4 Fire Temples;80
7.1.5.4.1;5.5.4.1 West Temple;81
7.1.5.5;5.5.5 Stone Dragon;82
7.1.6;5.6 Takht-e Soleyman as a Geo-Cultural Landscape;82
7.1.7;5.7 Concluding Remarks;83
7.1.8;References;83
8;Hong_Ch06_O.pdf;85
8.1;Chapter 6: Cultural Landscapes of the Tengger Highland, East Java;85
8.1.1;6.1 Introduction;85
8.1.2;6.2 Biodiversity and Local People;87
8.1.3;6.3 The Ecology of Rural and Upland Farming;90
8.1.4;6.4 Landscapes in Danger;93
8.1.5;6.5 Tourism in Cultural Landscapes;94
8.1.6;6.6 Concluding Remarks;96
8.1.7;References;97
9;Hong_Ch07_O.pdf;99
9.1;Chapter 7: Traditional Forests in Villages Linking Humans and Natural Landscapes;99
9.1.1;7.1 Introduction;99
9.1.1.1;7.1.1 Types of Village Forest;101
9.1.1.2;7.1.2 The Ecological Characteristics of Traditional Forests;102
9.1.1.2.1;7.1.2.1 Dangsannim (Sacred Forest);102
9.1.1.2.2;7.1.2.2 Bangpungnim (Windbreak Forest);105
9.1.1.2.3;7.1.2.3 Hoannim;107
9.1.1.2.4;7.1.2.4 Pungchirim;108
9.1.1.2.5;7.1.2.5 Haksulrim;109
9.1.2;7.2 Conservation of Traditional Village Forests;110
9.1.3;References;112
10;Hong_Ch08_O.pdf;114
10.1;Chapter 8: “Cho-bun”, An Anthropogeneous Landscape in Haui Island, Southwestern Korea;114
10.1.1;8.1 Introduction;114
10.1.2;8.2 Funeral and Cho-bun Practice of Haui Island;115
10.1.2.1;8.2.1 Seeing the Death (Imjong);116
10.1.2.2;8.2.2 Calling the Ghost and Setting the Table for the Dead Person (Sajasang);116
10.1.2.3;8.2.3 Seup and Yeom;117
10.1.2.4;8.2.4 Funeral Ceremony and Outing (Chulsang) Preparation;118
10.1.2.5;8.2.5 Balin (Carrying a Coffin Out of the House);119
10.1.2.6;8.2.6 Jangji (Burial Site);119
10.1.2.7;8.2.7 Banhonje and Talsang;120
10.1.2.8;8.2.8 Cho-bun;120
10.1.3;8.3 Change and Preservation of the Cho-bun Systemin Haui Island;121
10.1.4;8.4 Conclusion;123
10.1.5;References;124
11;Hong_Ch09_O.pdf;125
11.1;Chapter 9: Human Impact on Coastal Sand Dune Ecosystems in Korea;125
11.1.1;9.1 Introduction;125
11.1.2;9.2 Research Contents and Methodology;127
11.1.2.1;9.2.1 Study Areas;127
11.1.2.2;9.2.2 Land-Use Map and Landscape Analysis;128
11.1.3;9.3 Results and Discussions;131
11.1.4;9.4 Conclusion;139
11.1.5;References;140
12;Hong_Ch10_O.pdf;142
12.1;Chapter 10: Have Ecological Human Rights Been Globally Lost? A Conflict of Ecological Spatial Requirements and Cultural Landsca;142
12.1.1;10.1 Introduction;142
12.1.2;10.2 Quantifying the Natural Space Requirements of Homo sapiens;143
12.1.3;10.3 Possible Consequences of the Violated Ecological Right for Space in Humans;146
12.1.4;10.4 Discussion: How Was the Major Ecological Right of Humans Lost?;147
12.1.5;References;149
13;Hong_Part2_O.pdf;151
13.1;Chap2;151
13.1.1;Part II Measuring and Managing Patterns and Processes of Cultural Landscapes;151
14;Hong_Ch11_O.pdf;152
14.1;Chapter 11: A Methodological Framework to Quantify Anthropogenic Effects on Landscape Patterns;152
14.1.1;11.1 Introduction: Spatial Pattern and Its Effects on the Ecological Processes in Landscapes;152
14.1.2;11.2 Fragmentation, Diversity and Entropy: Related Concepts;156
14.1.3;11.3 Edge Effects: Measuring the Impact of Anthropogenic Effects on Landscape Pattern;159
14.1.3.1;11.3.1 Importance and Assessment of Potential Edge Effects;160
14.1.3.2;11.3.2 Quantification of Edge Effects for Single Patches;161
14.1.4;11.4 Fractal Dimension as an Indicator of Anthropogenic Effects on Spatial Pattern;163
14.1.5;11.5 Landscape Transformation Processes and Anthropogenic Landscape Change;167
14.1.6;11.6 Conclusions;170
14.1.7;11.7 Appendix;171
14.1.7.1;11.7.1 Calculation of the Interior-to-Edge Breakpoint Distance Using PatchCalc;171
14.1.8;References;174
15;Hong_Ch12_O.pdf;179
15.1;Chapter 12: Analysis of Factors Affecting the Landscape Dynamics of Islands in Western Japan;179
15.1.1;12.1 Introduction;179
15.1.2;12.2 Seto Inland Sea;180
15.1.3;12.3 Landscape Characteristics and Changes at Three Scales;181
15.1.3.1;12.3.1 Landscape Changes at the Regional Scale;181
15.1.3.2;12.3.2 Landscape Changes at the Municipal Scale;185
15.1.3.3;12.3.3 Landscape Changes at the District Scale;188
15.1.4;12.4 Influence of Landscape Changes on the Regional Ecosystem;190
15.1.5;12.5 Conclusions;192
15.1.6;References;194
16;Hong_Ch13_O.pdf;196
16.1;Chapter 13: Creating Pondscapes for Avian Communities: An Artificial Neural Network Experience Beyond Urban Regions;196
16.1.1;13.1 Introduction;196
16.1.2;13.2 Materials and Methods;197
16.1.2.1;13.2.1 Pondscape Analysis;197
16.1.2.2;13.2.2 Study Areas;200
16.1.2.3;13.2.3 Survey Method;201
16.1.2.4;13.2.4 Data Mining;202
16.1.3;13.3 Results;203
16.1.3.1;13.3.1 Avian Grouping;203
16.1.3.2;13.3.2 Modeling Formation;204
16.1.3.3;13.3.3 Modeling Application;204
16.1.3.4;13.3.4 Modeling Scenarios;206
16.1.4;13.4 Conclusion;207
16.1.5;References;208
17;Hong_Ch14_O.pdf;210
17.1;Chapter 14: Integrating Geographic Information into Scenic Assessments of Middle Landscapes;210
17.1.1;14.1 Introduction;210
17.1.2;14.2 Method;211
17.1.2.1;14.2.1 Site Description;211
17.1.2.2;14.2.2 Land Use and View-Shed Area;211
17.1.2.3;14.2.3 Aesthetic Assessment of the Scenes from the Bridges;213
17.1.2.4;14.2.4 Analysis Framework;215
17.1.3;14.3 Results;215
17.1.3.1;14.3.1 Typical Middle Landscapes;215
17.1.3.1.1;14.3.1.1 Type;215
17.1.3.1.2;14.3.1.2 Location and Direction;216
17.1.3.2;14.3.2 Landscape Type and Assessment;216
17.1.4;14.4 Concluding Remarks;218
17.1.5;References;218
18;Hong_Ch15_O.pdf;220
18.1;Chapter 15: Sustainable Management of Satoyama Bamboo Landscapes in Japan;220
18.1.1;15.1 Introduction;220
18.1.2;15.2 Methods;221
18.1.3;15.3 History of Bamboo and Its Use in Japan;222
18.1.4;15.4 Trends in Bamboo Grove Expansion;224
18.1.5;15.5 Ecological Impacts of Bamboo Grove Expansion;226
18.1.6;15.6 Discussion;227
18.1.7;References;228
19;Hong_Ch16_O.pdf;230
19.1;Chapter 16: Characteristics of the Spatial Distribution, Vegetation Structure, and Management Systems of Shrine/Temple Forests ;230
19.1.1;16.1 Introduction;230
19.1.2;16.2 Kitakyushu City;231
19.1.3;16.3 Spatial Distribution;232
19.1.4;16.4 Managements of the S/T Forests;234
19.1.5;16.5 Vegetation Structure;235
19.1.6;16.6 Concluding Remarks;238
19.1.7;16.7 Appendix;239
19.1.8;References;240
20;Hong_Ch17_O.pdf;243
20.1;Chapter 17: Conservation and Management of the Coastal Pine Forest as a Cultural Landscape;243
20.1.1;17.1 Introduction;243
20.1.2;17.2 Method;244
20.1.2.1;17.2.1 Site Description;244
20.1.2.2;17.2.2 Land Use and Landscape Structure;245
20.1.2.3;17.2.3 Management of Coastal Pine Forest After Pine Wilt Disease;245
20.1.2.4;17.2.4 Maintenance Management Including Coastal Sand Vegetation;245
20.1.3;17.3 Results;246
20.1.3.1;17.3.1 Relationship Between Land Use and LandscapeStructure;246
20.1.3.2;17.3.2 Management of Coastal Pine Forest After Pine Wilt Disease;247
20.1.3.2.1;17.3.2.1 Historical Change in the Relationship BetweenCoastal Forests and Residents;247
20.1.3.2.2;17.3.2.2 Form of Pine Trees;249
20.1.3.2.3;17.3.2.3 Density and Distressed Condition of Pine Trees;250
20.1.3.2.4;17.3.2.4 Growth Rates of Coastal Pine Trees;250
20.1.3.2.5;17.3.2.5 Habitat for Pine Seedlings;253
20.1.3.3;17.3.3 Maintenance Management Including Coastal Sand Vegetation;254
20.1.4;17.4 Concluding Remarks;255
20.1.5;References;255
21;Hong_Ch18_O.pdf;257
21.1;Chapter 18: How to Conserve Japanese Cultural Landscapes: The Registration System for Cultural Landscapes;257
21.1.1;18.1 Introduction;257
21.1.2;18.2 Background and Requirements of the Research;258
21.1.2.1;18.2.1 Background;259
21.1.2.1.1;18.2.1.1 Academic Research into Cultural Landscapes;259
21.1.2.1.2;18.2.1.2 Public Demand for Conservation of Cultural Landscapes;259
21.1.2.1.3;18.2.1.3 Action Taken by the Agency for Cultural Affairs;260
21.1.3;18.3 Research Processes for Cultural Landscapes;261
21.1.3.1;18.3.1 Definition of a Cultural Landscape;262
21.1.3.2;18.3.2 Early Stages of the Research;262
21.1.3.2.1;18.3.2.1 Categorization and Selection of Important Areas;262
21.1.3.2.2;18.3.2.2 Viewpoints for Selection;263
21.1.4;18.4 Proposed Cultural Landscapes;264
21.1.4.1;18.4.1 Characteristics and Problems;264
21.1.4.2;18.4.2 Relationships Between Cultural Landscapes and Other Cultural Properties;265
21.1.4.3;18.4.3 Conservation of Cultural Landscapes;266
21.1.4.4;18.4.4 Conservation of Important Areas;270
21.1.4.5;18.4.5 Conservation Management Plan and Utilization Promotion Plan;271
21.1.4.6;18.4.6 Efforts for Promoting an Appreciation of the Value of Cultural Landscapes in Daily Lives;272
21.1.4.7;18.4.7 Utilization and Promotion for Revitalization of the Local Economy;272
21.1.4.8;18.4.8 Lead Operators and Building of Human Resources;273
21.1.5;18.5 Registration of Cultural Landscapes;274
21.1.5.1;18.5.1 Re-Categorization of Cultural Landscapes;274
21.1.5.2;18.5.2 Registration of Important Cultural Landscapes Sites in July 2009;275
21.1.5.3;18.5.3 Problems of Industrial and Urban Cultural Landscapes;280
21.1.6;18.6 Perspectives;280
21.1.6.1;18.6.1 Requirements for Designation;280
21.1.6.2;18.6.2 Current Conclusion in the Registration of Cultural Landscapes;281
21.1.7;References;282
22;Hong_Ch19_O.pdf;284
22.1;Chapter 19: Restoring Central Asian Floodplain Ecosystems as Natural Capital and Cultural Heritage in a Continental Desert Env;284
22.1.1;19.1 Introduction;284
22.1.2;19.2 Study Site;285
22.1.2.1;19.2.1 The Natural Environment;285
22.1.2.2;19.2.2 Ecology of the Key Species;288
22.1.2.2.1;19.2.2.1 Populus euphratica;288
22.1.2.2.2;19.2.2.2 Phragmites australis;289
22.1.2.2.3;19.2.2.3 Apocynum venetum;290
22.1.2.2.4;19.2.2.4 Tamarix sp.;290
22.1.2.3;19.2.3 The Cultural History;290
22.1.2.4;19.2.4 The Socio-Economic Environment of Today;291
22.1.2.5;19.2.5 The Current Situation of the Floodplain Ecosystems;293
22.1.3;19.3 Ecosystem Services and Perspectives for Land Use of the Tugai Vegetation;295
22.1.3.1;19.3.1 Populus euphratica;295
22.1.3.2;19.3.2 Phragmites australis;296
22.1.3.3;19.3.3 Apocynum venetum;297
22.1.3.4;19.3.4 Tamarix ramosissima;297
22.1.4;19.4 Stakeholders;298
22.1.4.1;19.4.1 Governmental Bodies;298
22.1.4.2;19.4.2 Land Users and Entrepreneurs;299
22.1.4.3;19.4.3 Scientists;299
22.1.4.4;19.4.4 Non-Governmental Organizations;299
22.1.5;19.5 Restoration of the Tarim River Floodplain;300
22.1.6;References;301
23;Hong_Part3_O.pdf;305
23.1;Chap3;305
23.1.1;Part III Concluding Remarks;305
24;Hong_Ch20_O.pdf;306
24.1;Chapter 20: Integrating Nature and Culture in Landscape Ecology;306
24.1.1;20.1 Introduction;306
24.1.2;20.2 Evolving Concepts of Landscape and Landscape Ecology;307
24.1.2.1;20.2.1 What is a Landscape?;307
24.1.2.2;20.2.2 What is Landscape Ecology?;309
24.1.3;20.3 Landscape of Culture and Culture of Landscape;312
24.1.3.1;20.3.1 Cultural Landscapes and People–Landscape Relationships;312
24.1.3.2;20.3.2 An Asian Perspective on the Culture–Nature Relationship;316
24.1.4;20.4 Connecting Culture and Nature in Landscape Ecology;318
24.1.4.1;20.4.1 Emphasizing the Cultural Dimension in Landscape Ecology;318
24.1.4.2;20.4.2 Understanding the Diversity of Cultural Landscapes;320
24.1.4.3;20.4.3 Learning About Sustainability from Cultural Landscapes;321
24.1.5;20.5 Conclusions;322
24.1.6;References;324
25;Hong_Index_O.pdf;327
25.1;b978-0-387-78701_4;327