Hoskins / Janmaat Education, Democracy and Inequality

Political Engagement and Citizenship Education in Europe
1. Auflage 2019
ISBN: 978-1-137-48976-0
Verlag: Palgrave Macmillan UK
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 249 Seiten

Reihe: Education, Economy and Society

This book posits that national education systems are enhancing socioeconomic inequalities in political engagement. While the democratic ideal is social equality in political engagement, the authors demonstrate that the English education system is recreating and enhancing entrenched democratic inequalities. In Europe, the UK has the strongest correlation between social background and voting behaviours. Examining the role of the school and the education system in the potential reproduction of these inequalities, the authors draw upon the theories of Bourdieu and Bernstein and compare the English school system to other European countries to analyse barriers that are put along the way to political engagement. In times of political disaffection, frustration and polarisation, it is particularly important to uncover why young people from disadvantaged backgrounds are less likely to engage politically, and to help inspire future generations to use their voice. This timely book will be of interest and value to students and scholars of educational inequality and political engagement.


Bryony Hoskins is Professor of Comparative Social Science at the University of Roehampton, UK. She is an internationally renowned scholar who has conducted groundbreaking research in the field of measuring active citizenship, civic competence and the learning of political engagement. She regularly contributes to policy on Citizenship for a wide range of international organisations.
Jan Germen Janmaat is Reader in Comparative Social Science at the UCL Institute of Education, UK. He is interested in the ways in which education, broadly conceived, can promote civic values and social cohesion, and has published widely on these topics. Currently he is co-editor of Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hoskins, Bryony

Janmaat, Jan Germen

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;7
2;Acknowledgements;9
3;Contents;10
4;List of Figures;12
5;List of Tables;14
6;1: Introduction;16
6.1;Why This Book and Why Now?;16
6.2;What’s New in This Book?;20
6.3;Who Will Be Interested in Reading This Book?;24
6.4;Structure of the Book;25
6.5;References;26
7;2: Learning Political Engagement;29
7.1;Education Levels are Simply a Measure for Social Class;31
7.2;The Positional Thesis: Education Only has an Indirect Effect;34
7.3;Theories of Learning Political Engagement;35
7.4;Participatory Learning Theories;37
7.5;How Can Schools Facilitate the Learning of Political Engagement?;44
7.5.1;An Open Climate of Classroom Discussion;44
7.5.2;Political Activities in the School;45
7.5.3;Citizenship Education;45
7.6;Political Engagement;47
7.7;Conclusions;51
7.8;References;52
8;3: Access to Forms of Political Learning;58
8.1;Education, Social Reproduction and the Labour Market;59
8.2;Socialisation in the Family;60
8.3;Access to Learning in Schools;63
8.4;Young People’s Agency;67
8.5;Voluntary and Compulsory Political Learning;69
8.6;Access;69
8.7;Differential Learning Effects for Different Social Groups;72
8.8;Education, the Labour Market and Political Engagement;73
8.9;Conclusion;74
8.10;References;75
9;4: Social Gaps in the Forms of Learning and Political Engagement: 11–16-Year-Olds in England;81
9.1;Social Gaps in Political Engagement: Access to Learning Opportunities and Differential Effects;82
9.1.1;Access to Learning Political Engagement at School;86
9.1.2;Mitigation Effects;86
9.2;Data;86
9.3;Measures of Political Engagement;87
9.4;Key Independent Variables;89
9.5;Methods;92
9.5.1;Access;92
9.5.2;Mitigating Effects;93
9.6;Results;94
9.6.1;Access;94
9.6.2;Mitigating Effects;98
9.7;Discussion and Conclusion;101
9.8;References;106
10;5: England in a Comparative Light: Lower Secondary;110
10.1;Data and Measures;112
10.1.1;Data Source;112
10.1.2;Measures;112
10.1.2.1;Political Engagement Outcomes;112
10.1.2.2;Learning Opportunities;114
10.1.2.3;Socioeconomic Status and Other Control Variables;116
10.2;Part I. England Compared to Other European States;117
10.2.1;Selected Countries;117
10.2.2;Levels of Political Engagement;120
10.2.3;The Link Between Learning Opportunities and Political Engagement;125
10.2.4;Social Inequalities in Learning Opportunities and Political Participation;127
10.2.5;Learning Opportunities: Can They Compensate for Social Disadvantage?;132
10.3;Part II. Comprehensive Versus Early Selection Systems;137
10.3.1;The Argument About Early Selection and Inequalities in Political Engagement;137
10.3.2;Early Selection and Inequalities of Political Engagement: What Do the Data Say?;138
10.3.3;A Closer Look at the Early Selection States;144
10.4;Conclusion;158
10.5;Appendix: ICCS Items Used in the Analyses;162
10.6;References;165
11;6: Learning Political Engagement in Further and Higher Education in England;169
11.1;Three Perspectives on the Impact of Educational Pathways on Political Engagement;172
11.1.1;Assessing the Effect of Education;173
11.2;Education Pathways in England;174
11.3;Data Source, Measures and Methods of Analysis;176
11.3.1;Data Source;176
11.3.2;Measures;176
11.3.2.1;Dependent Variables;176
11.3.2.2;Independent Variables;178
11.3.2.3;Control Variables;179
11.3.3;Method of Analysis;180
11.4;Results: Effects of Pathways in Secondary Education;180
11.4.1;Descriptive Statistics;180
11.4.2;The Effect of Education Pathway on Political Engagement for Upper Secondary Education;181
11.4.2.1;Voting;181
11.4.2.2;Peaceful Protest;183
11.4.2.3;Violent Protest;187
11.4.2.4;Political Party;189
11.5;Results: Higher Education 19–23;190
11.5.1;Descriptive Statistics;190
11.5.2;The Effect of HE Education Pathway on Political Engagement Among Young Adults;192
11.6;Discussion;192
11.6.1;Social Reproduction of Levels of Political Engagement;194
11.6.2;Explanations;195
11.7;References;196
12;7: The Influence of Post-16 Education on Political Engagement: England Compared to Other States;200
12.1;England in a Comparative Light: The Effect of Track on Political Engagement in Upper Secondary;202
12.2;The Effect of Higher and Adult Education on Political Engagement;205
12.3;Data and Measures;209
12.4;Results;212
12.4.1;Social Gaps in Participation Among 14-year-olds and Young Adults;212
12.4.2;System Characteristics and Inequality of Engagement;216
12.5;Conclusion;220
12.6;References;221
13;8: Conclusions and Implications for Policy and Practice;225
13.1;Implications for Policy and Practice;234
13.2;References;238
14;Correction to: Education, Democracy and Inequality;240
15;Author Index;241
16;Subject Index;246