Huang Introduction to Statistical Physics, Second Edition

2. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-1-4398-7813-2
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 334 Seiten

Written by a world-renowned theoretical physicist, Introduction to Statistical Physics, Second Edition clarifies the properties of matter collectively in terms of the physical laws governing atomic motion. This second edition expands upon the original to include many additional exercises and more pedagogically oriented discussions that fully explain the concepts and applications.

The book first covers the classical ensembles of statistical mechanics and stochastic processes, including Brownian motion, probability theory, and the Fokker–Planck and Langevin equations. To illustrate the use of statistical methods beyond the theory of matter, the author discusses entropy in information theory, Brownian motion in the stock market, and the Monte Carlo method in computer simulations. The next several chapters emphasize the difference between quantum mechanics and classical mechanics—the quantum phase. Applications covered include Fermi statistics and semiconductors and Bose statistics and Bose–Einstein condensation. The book concludes with advanced topics, focusing on the Ginsburg–Landau theory of the order parameter and the special kind of quantum order found in superfluidity and superconductivity.

Assuming some background knowledge of classical and quantum physics, this textbook thoroughly familiarizes advanced undergraduate students with the different aspects of statistical physics. This updated edition continues to provide the tools needed to understand and work with random processes.

Zielgruppe

Undergraduate students and researchers in statistical physics, statistical mechanics, and thermodynamics.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Huang, Kerson

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Physik Thermodynamik
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Physikalische Chemie
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Physik Allgemein

Inhaltsverzeichnis

A Macroscopic View of Matter
Viewing the World at Different Scales

Thermodynamics

The Thermodynamic Limit

Thermodynamic Transformations
Classic Ideal Gas

First Law of Thermodynamics

Magnetic Systems
Heat and Entropy
The Heat Equations

Applications to Ideal Gas

Carnot Cycle

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Absolute Temperature

Temperature as Integrating Factor

Entropy
Entropy of Ideal Gas

The Limits of Thermodynamics
Using Thermodynamics
The Energy Equation
Some Measurable Coefficients

Entropy and Loss

TS Diagram

Condition for Equilibrium

Helmholtz Free Energy
Gibbs Potential

Maxwell Relations

Chemical Potential
Phase Transitions
First-Order Phase Transition

Condition for Phase Coexistence

Clapeyron Equation

Van der Waals Equation of State
Virial Expansion
Critical Point

Maxwell Construction
Scaling

Nucleation and Spinodal Decomposition
The Statistical Approach
The Atomic View
Random Walk

Phase Space

Distribution Function

Ergodic Hypothesis

Statistical Ensemble

Microcanonical Ensemble

Correct Boltzmann Counting
Distribution Entropy: Boltzmann’s H

The Most Probable Distribution

Information Theory: Shannon Entropy
Maxwell–Boltzmann Distribution
Determining the Parameters

Pressure of Ideal Gas
Equipartition of Energy

Distribution of Speed

Entropy
Derivation of Thermodynamics

Fluctuations

The Boltzmann Factor
Time’s Arrow
Transport Phenomena
Collisionless and Hydrodynamic Regimes

Maxwell’s Demon

Nonviscous Hydrodynamics
Sound Wave

Diffusion

Heat Conduction

Viscosity

Navier–Stokes Equation
Canonical Ensemble
Review of the Microcanonical Ensemble

Classical Canonical Ensemble

The Partition Function

Connection with Thermodynamics

Energy Fluctuations

Minimization of Free Energy

Classical Ideal Gas
Grand Canonical Ensemble
The Particle Reservoir

Grand Partition Function

Number Fluctuations

Connection with Thermodynamics

Parametric Equation of State and Virial Expansion

Critical Fluctuations
Pair Creation
Noise
Thermal Fluctuations

Nyquist Noise

Brownian Motion

Einstein’s Theory

Diffusion

Einstein’s Relation

Molecular Reality

Fluctuation and Dissipation

Brownian Motion of the Stock Market
Stochastic Processes
Randomness and Probability

Binomial Distribution

Poisson Distribution
Gaussian Distribution

Central Limit Theorem

Shot Noise
Time-Series Analysis
Ensemble of Paths
Ensemble Average

Power Spectrum and Correlation Function

Signal and Noise

Transition Probabilities

Markov Process

Fokker–Planck Equation

The Monte Carlo Method

Simulation of the Ising Model
The Langevin Equation
The Equation and Solution
Energy Balance

Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem

Diffusion Coefficient and Einstein’s Relation
Transition Probability: Fokker–Planck Equation

Heating by Stirring: Forced Oscillator in Medium
Quantum Statistics
Thermal Wavelength

Identical Particles

Occupation Numbers

Spin

Microcanonical Ensemble
Fermi Statistics

Bose Statistics

Determining the Parameters

Pressure

Entropy

Free Energy

Equation of State

Classical Limit
Quantum Ensembles

Incoherent Superposition of States

Density Matrix

Canonical Ensemble (Quantum-Mechanical)

Grand Canonical Ensemble (Quantum-Mechanical)
Occupation Number Fluctuations

Photon Bunching
The Fermi Gas

Fermi Energy

Ground State

Fermi Temperature

Low-Temperature Properties

Particles and Holes

Electrons in Solids

Semiconductors
The Bose Gas

Photons

Bose Enhancement

Phonons
Debye Specific Heat

Electronic Specific Heat

Conservation of Particle Number
Bose–Einstein Condensation

Macroscopic Occupation

The Condensate

Equation of State

Specific Heat

How a Phase Is Formed

Liquid Helium
The Order Parameter

The Essence of Phase Transitions

Ginsburg–Landau Theory

Relation to Microscopic Theory

Functional Integration and Differentiation
Second-Order Phase Transition

Mean-Field Theory

Critical Exponents

The Correlation Length

First-Order Phase Transition

Cahn–Hilliard Equation
Superfluidity
Condensate Wave Function
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking

Mean-Field Theory

Observation of Bose–Einstein Condensation
Quantum Phase Coherence

Superfluid Flow
Phonons: Goldstone Mode
Superconductivity

Meissner Effect

Magnetic Flux Quantum

Josephson Junction
DC Josephson Effect

AC Josephson Effect

Time-Dependent Vector Potential

The SQUID

Broken Symmetry
Appendix
Index
Problems appear at the end of each chapter.

Über Autor(innen)

Kerson Huang is Professor of Physics, Emeritus at MIT. Since retiring from active teaching, Dr. Huang has been engaged in biophysics research.