Hutzinger / Lelyveld / Zoeteman Aquatic Pollutants

Transformation and Biological Effects
1. Auflage 2015
ISBN: 978-1-4831-4514-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 534 Seiten, Web PDF

Aquatic Pollutants: Transformation and Biological Effects contains the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Aquatic Pollutants held at Noordwijkerhout (Amsterdam), The Netherlands on September 26-28, 1977. Organized into 47 chapters, this book first describes the aquatic pollutants and their potential biological effects. Subsequent chapters elucidate chemicals with pollution potential; multidetection approach to analysis of organic pollutants in water; volatilization of pollutants from water; microbial transformations of aromatic pollutants; and photochemical transformation of pollutants in water. Other chapters address oxidation of organic compounds in aquatic systems; laboratory microcosms for use in determining pollutant stress; continuous biomonitoring systems for detection of toxic levels of water pollutants; and health aspects of water recycling practices. This book will be useful as a review of existing knowledge in this field. It will also stimulate further thought and research.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hutzinger, O.

Lelyveld, I. H. van

Zoeteman, B. C. J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Aquatic Pollutants: Transformation and Biological Effects;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;10
6;Welcome Speech;12
7;Opening Address;14
8;Chapter 1.
Aquatic Pollutants and their Potential Biological Effects;16
8.1;IMPACT OF AQUATIC POLLUTION ON THE HEALTH OF MAN;16
8.2;IMPACT OF AQUATIC POLLUTION ON AQUATIC LIFE;20
9;Chapter 2.
Chemicals with Pollution Potential;28
9.1;ABSTRACT;28
9.2;INTRODUCTION;28
9.3;WHAT FEATURES MAKE A CHEMICAL COMPOUND A POLLUTANT (CRITERIA);29
9.4;HOW CAN "POLLUTION FEATURES" (CRITERIA) OF CHEMICALS BE MEASURED AND PREDICTED;32
9.5;CORRELATION STRUCTURE - ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES AND TOXICITY: SOME EXPERIMENTAL DATA;39
9.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;44
9.7;REFERENCES;44
10;Chapter 3.
The Environmental Chemicals Data and Information Network (ECDIN) and Related Activities of the European Communities;48
10.1;ABSTRACT;48
10.2;INTRODUCTION;48
10.3;THE SCOPE OF ECDIN;49
10.4;DATA STRUCTURE;49
10.5;SOFTWARE AND RETRIEVAL OF STORED INFORMATION;52
10.6;INFORMATION ON COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS;52
10.7;E.G. ACTIVITIES RELATED TO ECDIN;53
10.8;CONCLUSIONS;53
11;Chapter 4.
Occurrence, Registry, and Classification of Organic Pollutants in Water, with Development of a Master Scheme for their Analysis;54
11.1;ABSTRACT;54
11.2;INTRODUCTION;55
11.3;DATA COMPILATION AND REGISTRY;55
11.4;CLASSIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION;58
11.5;CURRENT DATA GENERATION;78
11.6;PROBLEMS AND FUTURE PROGRAMS IN ANALYSIS;79
11.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;82
11.8;REFERENCES;82
12;Chapter 5. Natural Background of Alkanes in the Aquatic Environment;84
12.1;ABSTRACT;84
12.2;INTRODUCTION;84
12.3;AUTOCHTHONOUS ALKANES OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN;86
12.4;AUTOCHTHONOUS INPUT OF ALKANES OF BIOLOGICAL AND NATURAL ORIGIN;87
12.5;INPUT OF POLLUTANT ALKANES;88
12.6;ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND THEIR EFFECT ON ALKANE PATTERNS;89
12.7;RECOGNITION OF ALKANES OF BIOLOGICAL AND NATURAL ORIGIN AND OF POLLUTANT ORIGIN;90
12.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;91
12.9;REFERENCES;98
13;Chapter 6.
Multidetection Approach to Analysis of Organic Pollutants in Water. Methods and Comments on Results;102
13.1;ABSTRACT;102
13.2;INTRODUCTION;102
13.3;METHODS OF ANALYSIS;103
13.4;COMMENTS ON RESULTS OF SYSTEMATIC SCREENING OF EXTRACTS;111
13.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;114
14;Chapter 7.
Volatile Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Ground and Lake Waters;116
14.1;ABSTRACT;116
14.2;INTRODUCTION;116
14.3;EXPERIMENTAL;118
14.4;GROUND WATERS;120
14.5;LAKE ZURICH;129
14.6;CONCLUSIONS;136
14.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;136
14.8;REFERENCES;137
15;Chapter 8.
Occurrence of Carcinogens in Surface Water and Drinking Water;140
15.1;Introduction;140
15.2;General aspects of carcinogenesis;140
15.3;Volatile chlorinated Hydrocarbons;145
15.4;PCB;145
15.5;Nitrosamines;146
15.6;Metals and metalloides;146
15.7;Abstract;147
16;Chapter 9. Occurrence and Origin of Non-Biodegradable Contaminants in Surface Waters of The Netherlands;150
16.1;ABSTRACT;150
16.2;INTRODUCTION;150
16.3;PROCEDURE;150
16.4;DISCHARGES FROM MAJOR INDUSTRIES;151
16.5;DISCHARGES FROM THE REMAINING INDUSTRIES;152
16.6;TOTAL INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES;153
16.7;COMPARISON WITH THE INFLUX VIA THE RHINE AND THE MAAS;154
17;Chapter 10.
Contribution of Different Sources to Contamination of Surface Waters with Specific Persistent Organic Pollutants;156
17.1;ABSTRACT;156
17.2;INTRODUCTION;156
17.3;FACTORS AFFECTING THE OCCURRENCE OF ORGANIC MICROPOLLUTANTS IN SURFACE WATERS;157
17.4;'BLACK-LISTS' OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;168
17.5;CASE STUDIES;168
17.6;CONCLUSIONS;172
17.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;173
17.8;REFERENCES;173
17.9;APPENDIX A: MAJOR ORGANIC CHEMICALS PRODUCED IN THE U.S.A.(15) AND CONCENTRATIONS MEASURED IN VARIOUS WATERS(11);175
17.10;APPENDIX B: SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS NORMALLY EASILY BIODEGRADED DURING BIOLOGICAL SEWAGE TREATMENT (17) AMD CPMCENTRATIONS MEASURED IN VARIOUS WATERS (11);179
17.11;APPENDIX C: SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS UNLIKELY TO BE REMOVED DURING BIOLOGICAL SEWAGE TREATMENT(17) AND CONCENTRATIONS MEASURED IN VARIOUS WATERS(11);180
17.12;APPENDIX D: SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS WHICH SHOULD BE DEGRADED BY BIOLOGICAL SEWAGE TREATMENT AFTER A SUITABLE ACCLIMATIZATION PERIOD(17) AND CONCENTRATIONS MEASURED IN VARIOUS WATEBS(11);181
18;Chapter 11.
Pollution Abatement; An Industry's Point of View;184
18.1;INTRODUCTORY REMARKS;184
18.2;ANALYTICAL PART;186
18.3;GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS;188
18.4;FINAL PART;189
19;Chapter 12.
Volatilization of Pollutants from Water;190
19.1;ABSTRACT;190
19.2;INTRODUCTION;190
19.3;MECHANISM OF VOLATILIZATION;191
19.4;THE LIQUID PHASE MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT KL;195
19.5;THE GAS PHASE MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT KG;196
19.6;HENRY'S LAW CONSTANT H;196
19.7;SURFACE FILMS;197
19.8;MODELLING;198
19.9;CONCLUSIONS;198
19.10;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;199
19.11;REFERENCES;199
20;Chapter 13.
Microbial Transformations of Aromatic Pollutants;202
20.1;ABSTRACT;202
20.2;INTRODUCTION;202
20.3;GENERAL FEATURES OF AROMATIC METABOLISM;203
20.4;PREPARATION FOR RING FISSION;205
20.5;RING FISSION;208
20.6;DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC POLLUTANTS;212
20.7;DEGRADATION OF CHLORINATED BIPHENYLS;212
20.8;DEGRADATION OF CHLORINATED BENZOIC ACIDS;214
20.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;216
20.10;REFERENCES;216
21;Chapter 14.
Photochemical Trans formation of Pollutants in Water;220
21.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;234
21.2;REFERENCES;234
22;Chapter 15.
Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Aquatic Systems: The Free Radical Oxidation of Cumene;238
22.1;INTRODUCTION;238
22.2;ENVIRONMENTAL OXIDATION PROCESSES;239
22.3;OXIDATION OF CUMENE IN WATER;241
22.4;CONCLUSIONS;250
22.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;250
22.6;REFERENCES;250
23;Chapter 16.
Prediction of Photochemical Transformation of Pollutants in the Aquatic Environment;252
23.1;ABSTRACT;252
23.2;INTRODUCTION;253
23.3;PATHWAYS FOR PHOTOLYSIS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS;254
23.4;LIGHT ATTENUATION AND PARTITIONING;267
23.5;OUTDOOR VERIFICATION;271
23.6;CONCLUSION;272
23.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;272
23.8;REFERENCES;273
24;Chapter 17.
Behaviour of Persistent Organic Compounds in Bank-filtrated Rhine Water;280
24.1;ABSTRACT;280
24.2;INTRODUCTION;280
24.3;DESCRIPTION OF WATER WORKS;281
24.4;CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC MATTER;282
24.5;ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS;283
24.6;ORGANOFLUORINE COMPOUNDS;284
24.7;CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS;285
24.8;AROMATIC AMINES;287
24.9;CONCLUSIONS;288
24.10;REFERENCES;288
25;Chapter 18. Behaviour of Degradable Chemicals in the River Trent;290
25.1;INTRODUCTION;290
25.2;ORGANIC CARBON IN THE TRENT SYSTEM;290
25.3;SOURCES OF SOLUBLE ORGANIC CARBON AND RELATIONSHIP TO CARBONACEOUS BOD;291
25.4;MINOR CONSTITUENTS OF THE ORGANIC LOAD;293
25.5;NITROGENOUS AND CARBONACEOUS OXYGEN DEMANDS;294
25.6;CONCLUSIONS;295
25.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;295
25.8;REFERENCES;295
26;Chapter 19.
The Scientific Aspects of the Chemical Substances Control Law in Japan;298
26.1;A. An Outline of the Chemical Substances Control Law in Japan;298
26.2;B. The test of new or existing chemicals;298
26.3;C. The relations of the major tendencies on biodegradability of tested chemicals with their structures;302
26.4;D. The relations of the major tendencies on bioaccumulativity of tested chemicals with their structures;302
26.5;E. One way of thinking about the bioaccumulativity of polymers;303
26.6;F. Conclusion;306
27;Chapter 20.
Metabolism: Detoxification or Toxification;314
27.1;INTRODUCTION;314
27.2;METABOLISM OF CHLORINATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY AQUATIC ORGANISMS;315
27.3;THE ROLE OF ARYL HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE IN METABOLISM OF CHLORINATED AROMATICS;317
27.4;CONCLUSION;321
27.5;REFERENCES;321
28;Chapter 21.
Laboratory Microcosms for Use in Determining Pollutant Stress;324
28.1;INTRODUCTION;324
28.2;MICROCOSMS;327
28.3;SUMMARY;333
28.4;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;334
28.5;REFERENCES;334
29;Chapter 22.
European Regulatory Actions Relating to Aquatic Pollutants;338
29.1;CHEMICAL CONVENTION;351
30;Chapter 23. Continuous Biomonitoring Systems for Detection of Toxic LeveL of Water Pollutants;354
30.1;ABSTRACT;354
30.2;INTRODUCTION;354
30.3;CONTINUOUS BIOMONITORING SYSTEMS;355
30.4;THE INDICATOR VALUE OF THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS BIOMONITORING SYSTEMS;356
30.5;NEWER DEVELOPMENTS IN CONTINUOUS BIOMONITORING SYSTEMS;358
30.6;REFERENCES;360
31;Chapter 24.
Feral Aquatic Organisms as Indicators of Waterborne Environmental Carcinogens;364
31.1;ABSTRACT;364
31.2;INTRODUCTION;364
31.3;ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE OF NEOPLASMS IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS;365
31.4;BIOCONCENTRATION OF AQUATIC POLLUTENTS BY AQUATIC ORGANISMS;367
31.5;ENZYME INDUCTION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS;368
31.6;AQUATIC ORGANISMS AS LABORATORY TEST ANIMALS;368
31.7;DISCUSSION;368
31.8;REFERENCES;370
32;Chapter 25.
Sensorily Perceptible Organic Pollutants in Drinking Water;374
32.1;ABSTRACT;374
32.2;INTRODUCTION;374
32.3;CONSUMER ATTITUDE AND SENSORY WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT;375
32.4;SENSORY ASSESSMENT BY A PANEL OF 20 TYPES OF DRINKING WATER;376
32.5;CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS DETECTED IN 20 TYPES OF DRINKING WATER;377
32.6;SELECTION OF TASTE IMPAIRING COMPOUNDS;381
32.7;REFERENCES;382
33;Chapter 26.
Bioassays on Water Micropollutants;384
33.1;ABSTRACT;384
33.2;INTRODUCTION;384
33.3;MATERIAL AND METHODS;385
33.4;RESULTS;385
33.5;DISCUSSION;394
33.6;REFERENCES;396
34;Chapter 27. Research in the United Kingdom on Health Aspects of Wastezvater Reuse for Potable Supply;398
34.1;ABSTRACT;398
34.2;INTRODUCTION;398
34.3;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;408
34.4;REFERENCES;408
35;Chapter 28.
Health Aspects of Water Recycling Practices;410
35.1;ABSTRACT;410
35.2;INTRODUCTION;410
35.3;WHAT CHEMICAL STANDARD APPLY TO WASTEWATER REUSE FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES?;412
35.4;TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF RENOVATED WASTEWATER;413
35.5;BUILDUP OF DISSOLVED SOLIDS IN RECYCLING;414
35.6;EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVALUATION;414
35.7;MONITORING THE REUSE OF WASTEWATER FOR DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION;415
35.8;POLICY CONSIDERATIONS;416
35.9;REFERENCES;417
36;Chapter 29.
In Vitro Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Testing of Residual Organics in Drinking Water;420
36.1;ABSTRACT;420
36.2;INTRODUCTION;420
36.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;420
36.4;RESULTS;424
36.5;DISCUSSION;428
36.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;431
36.7;REFERENCES;431
37;Chapter 30.
Biomedical Aspects of Biorefractories in Water;434
37.1;I. INTRODUCTION;434
37.2;II. ORIGIN OF CARCINOGENS IN WATER;435
37.3;III. IDENTIFICATION, QUANTIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC CARCINOGENS, COCARCINOGENS AND PROMOTERS IN WATER SUPPLIES;438
37.4;IV. IDENTIFICATION OF MUTAGENS IN WATER SUPPLIES;446
37.5;V. ESTABLISHMENT OF RISK FACTORS;448
37.6;VI. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND ASSESSMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES;461
37.7;VII. REINFORCEMENT OF STATISTICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES;463
37.8;VIII. SUMMARY AND ASSESSMENT;464
37.9;Acknowledgements;466
37.10;References;468
38;Chapter 31. A Comparison of the Chlorinated Organic Compounds Present in the Fatty Surface Film of Water and the Water Phase Beneath;476
38.1;REFERENCES;477
39;Chapter 32.
Model Study of Lake Superior Organic Carbon Budget Gives Insight on Water Quality Trends;478
40;Chapter 33. Photochemical Reactions of 2,3,7,8- Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Adsorbed on a Silica Gel Surface;480
40.1;INTRODUCTION;480
40.2;METHODS;481
40.3;RESULTS;481
40.4;REFERENCES;481
41;Chapter 34.
Heavy Metals in Susquehanna River Bottom Sediments ~ Surficial Concentrations, Urban Impacts, and Transport Mechanisms;482
42;Chapter 35.
Nitrification in Rapidly Flowing Streams;486
42.1;References;487
43;Chapter 36. Fate of 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine in the Aquatic Environment;488
43.1;INTRODUCTION;488
43.2;METHODS AND RESULTS;488
43.3;CONCLUSIONS;489
44;Chapter 37. The Uptake, Tissue Distribution and Retention of Hexavalent Chromium by Young Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdnerii);490
44.1;REFERENCES;491
45;Chapter 38.
The Influence of the PH on the Toxicity of Hexavalent Chromium to Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdnerii);492
45.1;REFERENCES;493
46;Chapter 39.
Sublethal Effects of Rhinewater on Rainbow Trout;494
46.1;INTRODUCTION;494
46.2;GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN;494
46.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;494
46.4;REFERENCES;495
46.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;495
47;Chapter 40. Studies on Aquatic Pollutants in Refotion to Neoplastic Disease of Marine Animals;496
47.1;REFERENCE;497
48;Chapter 41.
Partially Induced Hepatic Mixed-Function Oxidase Systems in Individual Members of Certain Marine Species from Coastal Maine and Florida;498
48.1;ABSTRACT;498
48.2;INTRODUCTION;498
48.3;METHODS;499
48.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;499
48.5;CONCLUSIONS;500
48.6;REFERENCES;500
49;Chapter 42.
Organics in Air, Rain, Snow and Lake Surface Water;502
49.1;References;503
50;Chapter 43.
The Significance of Surface Microlayers in Evaluation of Persistent Pollutants with Aquatic Laboratory Model Ecosystems;508
50.1;REFERENCES;509
51;Chapter 44.
Reactions of Ozone with Organic Micro-Pollutants During the Preparation of Drinking Water;510
52;Chapter 45.
Organic Compounds of a Possible Biological Nature Present in Tapwater of The Netherlands;514
52.1;Groundwater and bankinfiltrated water;514
52.2;Reservoir water;514
53;Chapter 46.
Biological Monitoring Based on Fish Respiration for Continuous Water Quality Control;516
53.1;INTRODUCTION;516
53.2;MATERIALS AND METHODS;516
53.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;518
53.4;CONCLUSIONS;518
53.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;519
53.6;REFERENCES;519
54;Chapter 47.
Final Considerations;522
55;Index;524