Ibach / Mills Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Surface Vibrations

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-5945-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 378 Seiten, Web PDF

Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Surface Vibrations is devoted to electron energy loss spectroscopy as a probe of the crystal surface. Electrons with energy in the range of a few electron volts sample only a few atomic layers. As they approach or exit from the crystal, they interact with the vibrational modes of the crystal surface, or possibly with other elementary excitations localized there. The energy spectrum of electrons back-reflected from the surface is thus a rich source of information on its dynamics. The book opens with a detailed analysis of the physics that controls the operation of the monochromator, which is the core of the experimental apparatus. Separate chapters follow on the interaction of electrons with vibrational modes of the surface region and with other elementary excitations in the vicinity; the lattice dynamics of clean and adsorbate-covered surfaces, with emphasis on those features of particular relevance to surface vibrational spectroscopy; and selected applications vibration spectroscopy in surface physics and chemistry.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ibach, H.

Mills, D. L.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Surface Vibrations;4
3;Copyrigh Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;PREFACE;10
6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;12
7;CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION;14
7.1;1.1 General Remarks;14
7.2;1.2 A Comparison of Surface Vibration Spectroscopies;17
7.3;1.3 The Electron Energy Loss Method of Surface Vibrational Spectroscopy: Introductory Remarks;22
7.4;References;28
8;CHAPTER 2. INSTRUMENTATION;29
8.1;2.1 Physical Requirements of Spectrometers;30
8.2;2.2 Energy Dispersive Systems;33
8.3;2.3 The Analysis of the Cylindrical Deflector;36
8.4;2.4 Space-Charge Effects;47
8.5;2.5 Space-Charge Effects on the Cylindrical Deflector;53
8.6;2.6 Other Electrostatic Geometries;67
8.7;2.7 Background;70
8.8;2.8 Some Further Technical Aspects;72
8.9;References;75
9;CHAPTER 3. BASIC THEORY OF ELECTRON ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY;76
9.1;3.1 General Remarks;76
9.2;3.2 Small-Angle Inelastic Scattering by Dipole Fields;79
9.3;3.3 Bulk Losses in the Regime of Small-Angle Scattering;89
9.4;3.4 Surface Losses;102
9.5;3.5 The Impact Scattering Regime;115
9.6;3.6 Technical Remarks;133
9.7;References;138
10;CHAPTER 4. VIBRATIONAL MOTION OF MOLECULES ADSORBED ON THE SURFACE;140
10.1;4.1 General Remarks;140
10.2;4.2 Theory of the Vibrational Normal Modes of Adsorbed Molecules;148
10.3;4.3 Elements of Group Theory;165
10.4;4.4 Molecular Vibrations and Surface Point Groups;179
10.5;4.5 Some Principles in Mode Assignment;206
10.6;References;217
11;CHAPTER 5. VIBRATIONS AT CRYSTAL SURFACES; ORDERED ADSORBATE LAYERS AND THE CLEAN SURFACE;219
11.1;5.1 General Remarks;219
11.2;5.2 Formal Description of the Vibrations of Ordered Adsorbate Layers on Crystals;220
11.3;5.3 The Study of Surface Phonons by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy;270
11.4;5.4 Anharmonicity and Double Losses;281
11.5;References;286
12;CHAPTER 6. APPLICATIONS OF VIBRATION SPECTROSCOPY IN SURFACE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY;288
12.1;6.1 General Remarks;288
12.2;6.2 Vibration Spectroscopy and the Determination of Adsorption Sites;289
12.3;6.3 Frequency Shifts;309
12.4;6.4. Overtones and Bond Energy;323
12.5;6.5 Chemical Analysis of Adsorbed Species;327
12.6;References;345
13;CHAPTER 7. OUTLOOK;349
13.1;References;354
14;APPENDIX A: EVALUATION OF THE FUNCTION P(Q||,.) FOR THE TWO-LAYER MODEL;355
14.1;References;358
15;APPENDIX B: VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES OF SELECTED MOLECULES;359
15.1;References;365
16;APPENDIX C: CONVERSION OF FREQUENCY UNITS;366
17;Index;376