Jaeck Primary and Secondary Lead Processing

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Primary and Secondary Lead Processing, Halifax, Nova Scotia, August 20-24, 1989
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8714-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 319 Seiten, Web PDF

The lead smelting industry has been experiencing increasing pressures on several fronts - pressure to reduce energy usage, to reduce overall cost of production, to improve environmental conditions associated with production, to improve recycling of waste lead products and to develop new markets and applications. These pressures have resulted in the development of new low cost, energy efficient processes achieving new standards of process emissions.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Jaeck, Michael L.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Primary and Secondary Lead Processing;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Session Chairmen;6
5;Forword;8
6;Table of Contents;10
7;PART I: NEW LEAD EXTRACTION PROCESSES;12
7.1;Chapter 1. Process and Technological Aspects of the First Four Commercial QSL Plants;14
7.1.1;QSL LEAD SMELTING TECHNOLOGY;14
7.1.2;REALIZED QSL PLANTS;16
7.1.3;OUTLOOK;24
7.2;Chapter 2. Performance of the KSS Lead Smelter in a Portovesme, Italy;26
7.2.1;1. INTRODUCTION;26
7.2.2;2. THE KIVCET PROCESS;27
7.2.3;3. PERFORMANCE OF THE KSS PLANT;33
7.2.4;4. INVESTMENT COSTS;36
7.2.5;References;37
7.3;Chapter 3. Kinetics of Lead Concentrate Oxidation in a Stagnant Gas;38
7.3.1;Introduction;38
7.3.2;Experimental;38
7.3.3;Results;39
7.3.4;Mathematical Modelling;41
7.3.5;Model Development;41
7.3.6;Model Formulation;41
7.3.7;Model Operation;45
7.3.8;Model Verification and Discussion;45
7.3.9;Summary;47
7.3.10;Acknowledgment;47
7.3.11;Nomenclature;47
7.3.12;References;49
7.4;Chapter 4. Lead Blast Furnace Slag Fuming via the Flame Reactor Process;50
7.4.1;Background;50
7.4.2;Program Description;55
7.4.3;Test Results;57
7.4.4;Projected Economics;60
7.4.5;Conclusions and Plans;63
7.5;Chapter 5. Refractories for Lead Metal Industries;64
7.5.1;INTRODUCTION;64
7.5.2;GENERAL DISCUSSION;64
7.5.3;REFRACTORY-LEAD SLAG INTERACTIONS;66
7.5.4;SUMMARY;75
7.6;Chapter 6. Electric Furnace Reduction of Lead Slags;76
7.6.1;ABSTRACT;76
8;PART II: PRIMARY LEAD SMELTING;78
8.1;Chapter 7. Environmental Evaluation of a Primary Lead Smelter (Abstract);80
8.1.1;ABSTRACT;80
8.2;Chapter 8. Achievement in Lead Smelting During a Quarter Century at Mitsubishi - Cominco's Naoshima Smelter;82
8.2.1;INTRODUCTION;82
8.2.2;PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES OF THE SMELTER;83
8.2.3;REVIEW OF THE PAST OPERATING IMPROVEMENTS;87
8.2.4;IMPROVEMENTS OF SAFETY AND HYGIENE;94
8.2.5;IMPROVEMENTS OF PRODUCTIVITY;96
8.2.6;CONCLUSION;97
8.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;97
8.2.8;REFERENCES;97
8.3;Chapter 9. Mathematical Model of the Stack Region of a Lead Blast Furnace (Abstract);98
8.3.1;ABSTRACT;98
8.4;Chapter 10. Mechanism and Kinetics Study of the Roast Reaction of Lead Sulphides;100
8.4.1;INTRODUCTION;100
8.4.2;EXPERIMENTAL;101
8.4.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS;103
8.4.4;CONCUSIONS;112
8.4.5;REFERENCES;112
8.5;Chapter 11. Antimonial and Arsenical Lead Production at Cominco Trail Operations;114
8.5.1;Introduction;114
8.5.2;Oxygen Softening Process;115
8.5.3;Silver Refining Process;116
8.5.4;Production of Antimonial Lead and Arsenical Lead;116
8.5.5;Acknowledgement;120
8.5.6;References;120
9;PART III: SECONDARY LEAD PROCESSING;122
9.1;Chapter 12. Battery Recycling — A Solution in Peril;124
9.2;Chapter 13. Improved Technology in Secondary Lead Processing—ENGITEC Lead Acid Battery Recycling System;130
9.2.1;INTRODUCTION;130
9.2.2;BACKGROUND;130
9.2.3;PROCESS DESCRIPTION;131
9.2.4;PROCESS DESIGN;134
9.2.5;PROCESS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS;134
9.2.6;GENERAL ECONOMICS;135
9.2.7;FUTURE RESEARCH AND APPLICATION;136
9.2.8;SUMMARY;137
9.2.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;137
9.2.10;REFERENCES;137
9.3;Chapter 14. Sulphur Dioxide Emissons from Soda Ash Smelting of Scrap Lead Acid Battery Residues;144
9.3.1;ABSTRACT;144
9.3.2;INTRODUCTION;144
9.3.3;EXPERIMENTAL;145
9.3.4;CONCLUSIONS;152
9.3.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;152
9.3.6;REFERENCES;152
9.4;Chapter 15. Nova Pb Inc., An Environmental Resource (Abstract);154
9.4.1;ABSTRACT;154
9.5;Chapter 16. Optimizing Matte and Slag Composition in Rotary Furnace Smelting of Leady Residues;156
9.5.1;INTRODUCTION;156
9.5.2;PRODUCTION OF TETRAETHYL LEAD;157
9.5.3;CHARACTERIZATION OF DU PONT PRESS CAKE;158
9.5.4;HISTORICAL PROCESSING OF TEL LEADY WASTE;160
9.5.5;CHEMISTRY OF THE SODA ASH SMELTING OF LEAD ACID-BATTERY SCRAP;161
9.5.6;SODA ASH SMELTING OF UPGRADED LEAD BATTERY SCRAP;166
9.5.7;SMELTING OF PRESS CAKE AT MASTER METALS;172
9.5.8;CONCLUSIONS;185
9.5.9;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;187
9.5.10;REFERENCES;187
9.6;Chapter 17. Secondary Material Processing on an Updraught Sinter Machine;190
9.6.1;INTRODUCTION;190
9.6.2;METHODS AND MATERIALS;194
9.6.3;RESULTS;199
9.6.4;DISCUSSION;200
9.6.5;CONCLUSIONS;205
9.6.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;205
9.6.7;REFERENCES;205
9.7;Chapter 18. The Distribution of Impurities during the Soda Ash Smelting of Battery Residue;206
9.7.1;Abstract;206
9.7.2;Introduction;206
9.7.3;Results and Discussion;208
9.7.4;Experimental;215
9.7.5;Results and Discussion;215
9.7.6;Conclusions;218
9.7.7;Acknovledaements;219
9.7.8;References;220
10;PART IV: LEAD REFINING;222
10.1;Chapter 19. Refining Developments at BHAS, Port Pirie;224
10.1.1;INTRODUCTION;224
10.1.2;DECOPPERISING;224
10.1.3;DISSOLUTION OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM FOR KROLL-BETTERTON DEBISMUTHISING;229
10.1.4;MECHANICAL DROSS REMOVAL FROM LEAD REFINING PANS;233
10.1.5;IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTROLYTIC SILVER REFINING OPERATIONS;236
10.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;238
10.1.7;REFERENCES;238
10.2;Chapter 20. Vacuum De-Zincing of Silver Crusts (Abstract);240
10.2.1;ABSTRACT;240
10.3;Chapter 21. Study of Factors Influencing Dross Formation on Molten Lead;242
10.3.1;Introduction;242
10.3.2;Experimental Aspects;244
10.3.3;Results and Discussion;245
10.3.4;Conclusions;249
10.3.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;249
10.3.6;REFERENCES;249
10.4;Chapter 22. Prediction of Thermodynamic Properties of Pb-Zn-Ag from Binary Data;250
10.4.1;I. Introduction;250
10.4.2;II. Outline of the problem;251
10.4.3;Ill. Thermodynamic Analysis;252
10.4.4;IV. F*A*C*T Interpolation;253
10.4.5;V. Results and Discussion;254
10.4.6;VI. Conclusions;260
10.4.7;VII. Acknowledgement;261
10.4.8;VIII. References;261
10.5;Chapter 23. Analysis of the Betterton-Kroll Process: The Removal of Bismuth from Lead Bullion;264
10.5.1;INTRODUCTION;264
10.5.2;THEORY;265
10.5.3;EXPERIMENTAL;266
10.5.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;267
10.5.5;CONCLUSIONS;270
10.5.6;REFERENCES;270
11;PART V: LEAD APPLICATIONS AND MARKETS;274
11.1;Chapter 24. Overview of Lead Applications and Markets (Abstract);276
11.1.1;ABSTRACT;276
11.2;Chapter 25. Lead for Sound Insulation (Abstract);278
11.2.1;ABSTRACT;278
11.3;Chapter 26. Lead Acid Batteries Operating in Energy Storage Applications for Load Levelling and Peak Shaving;280
11.3.1;INTRODUCTION;280
11.3.2;LEAD-ACID BATTERY STORAGE AT LARGE ELECTRIC UTILITIES;281
11.3.3;LEAD-ACID BATTERY STORAGE AT NON-GENERATING ELECTRIC UTILITIES;285
11.3.4;OTHER LEAD-ACID BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE PLANTS;287
11.3.5;FUTURE PROSPECTS WITH SEALED LEAD-ACID BATTERIES;288
11.3.6;CONCLUSIONS AND RECOiyiMENDATIQNS;291
11.3.7;ACKNCWLEDGEMENTS;292
11.3.8;REFERENCES;292
11.4;Chapter 27. Development of New Applications by the Lead Industry;294
11.4.1;Introduction;294
11.4.2;Lead Stabilizers For Asphalt Pavements;294
11.4.3;Lead Dampers For Earthquake Protection;295
11.4.4;Lead Applications in High-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal;296
11.4.5;Concluding Remarks;297
11.5;Chapter 28. Use of Lead as a Material of Construction in Metallurgical Operations;298
11.5.1;INTRODUCTION;298
11.5.2;DESIGN PROPERTIES;298
11.5.3;FABRICATION PROCESSES USING LEAD;300
11.5.4;GENERIC APPLICATIONS;301
11.5.5;SUMMARY;304
11.5.6;REFERENCES;305