Jakeman / Voinov / Rizzoli Environmental Modelling, Software and Decision Support

State of the Art and New Perspective
1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-0-08-091530-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 384 Seiten, Web PDF

The complex and multidisciplinary nature of environmental problems requires that they are dealt with in an integrated manner. Modeling and software have become key instruments used to promote sustainability and improve environmental decision processes, especially through systematic integration of various knowledge and data and their ability to foster learning and help make predictions. This book presents the current state-of-the-art in environmental modeling and software and identifies the future challenges in the field.
* State-of-the-art in environmental modeling and software theory and practice for integrated assessment and management serves as a starting point for researchers
* Identifies the areas of research and practice required for advancing the requisite knowledge base and tools, and their wider usage
* Best practices of environmental modeling enables the reader to select appropriate software and gives the reader tools to integrate natural system dynamics with human dimensions

Autoren/Hrsg.

Jakeman, Anthony J.

Voinov, Alexey A.

Rizzoli, Andrea E.

Chen, Serena H.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front cover;1
2;Environmental Modelling, Software and Decision Support;4
3;Copyright page;5
4;Preface;6
5;Contents;8
6;Chapter 1. Modelling and Software as Instruments for Advancing Sustainability;18
6.1;1.1 Introduction;18
6.2;1.2 Aims of the Summit;20
6.3;1.3 The Role of Modelling and Software;21
6.4;1.4 Common Problems in Modelling;23
6.5;1.5 Current State of the Art and Future Challenges in Modelling;25
6.6;1.6 Conclusions;28
6.7;References;29
7;Chapter 2. Good Modelling Practice;32
7.1;2.1 Introduction;33
7.2;2.2 Key Components of Good Modelling Practice;34
7.3;2.3 Model Transparency and Dissemination;42
7.4;2.4 A Definition of Good Modelling Practice;44
7.5;2.5 Progress Towards Good Modelling Practice;44
7.6;2.6 Recommendations;46
7.7;References;46
8;Chapter 3. Bridging the Gaps Between Design and Use: Developing Tools to Support Environmental Management and Policy;50
8.1;3.1 A Gap Between Design and Use?;51
8.2;3.2 Decision and Information Support Tool Review;52
8.3;3.3 Supporting Organisational Decision Making;53
8.4;3.4 Supporting Participatory and Collaborative Decision Making;55
8.5;3.5 The Nature and Extent of the Gap;56
8.6;3.6 Good Practice Guidelines for Involving Users in Development;58
8.7;3.7 Conclusions;61
8.8;Acknowledgements;62
8.9;References;62
9;Chapter 4. Complexity and Uncertainty: Rethinking the Modelling Activity;66
9.1;4.1 Introduction;67
9.2;4.2 Uncertainty: Causes and Manifestations;68
9.3;4.3 A Conceptual Approach to Deal with Uncertainty and Complexity in Modelling;69
9.4;4.4 Examples;74
9.5;4.5 Conclusions;81
9.6;Acknowledgements;83
9.7;References;83
10;Chapter 5. Uncertainty in Environmental Decision Making: Issues, Challenges and Future Directions;86
10.1;5.1 Introduction;86
10.2;5.2 Environmental Decision-making Process;88
10.3;5.3 Sources of Uncertainty;90
10.4;5.4 Progress, Challenges and Future Directions;93
10.5;5.5 Conclusions;98
10.6;References;99
11;Chapter 6. Environmental Policy Aid Under Uncertainty;104
11.1;6.1 Introduction;104
11.2;6.2 Factors Influencing Perceptions of Uncertainty;106
11.3;6.3 Uncertainty in Decision Models;108
11.4;6.4 Uncertainty in Practical Policy Making;111
11.5;6.5 Reducing Uncertainty Through Innovative Policy Interventions;112
11.6;6.6 Discussion and Conclusions;113
11.7;References;114
12;Chapter 7. Integrated Modelling Frameworks for Environmental Assessment and Decision Support;118
12.1;7.1 Introduction;119
12.2;7.2 A Generic Architecture for EIMFs;122
12.3;7.3 Knowledge Representation and Management;124
12.4;7.4 Model Engineering;127
12.5;7.5 Driving and Supporting the Modelling Process;131
12.6;7.6 Conclusions;132
12.7;References;133
13;Chapter 8. Intelligent Environmental Decision Support Systems;136
13.1;8.1 Introduction;137
13.2;8.2 Intelligent Environmental Decision Support Systems (IEDSS);138
13.3;8.3 About Uncertainty Management;142
13.4;8.4 Temporal Reasoning;143
13.5;8.5 Geographic Information and Spatial Reasoning;147
13.6;8.6 Evaluation of IEDSS and Benchmarking;151
13.7;8.7 Conclusions and Future Trends;155
13.8;References;156
14;Chapter 9. Formal Scenario Development for Environmental Impact Assessment Studies;162
14.1;9.1 Introduction;163
14.2;9.2 Terminology and Background;165
14.3;9.3 A Formal Approach to Scenario Development;170
14.4;9.4 Monitoring and Post-audits;174
14.5;9.5 Discussions and Future Directions;175
14.6;Acknowledgements;177
14.7;References;178
15;Chapter 10. Free and Open Source Geospatial Tools for Environmental Modelling and Management;180
15.1;10.1 Introduction;181
15.2;10.2 Platform;182
15.3;10.3 Software Stack;184
15.4;10.4 Workflows for Environmental Modelling and Management;190
15.5;10.5 Discussion;195
15.6;10.6 Conclusion;196
15.7;Acknowledgements;196
15.8;References;196
16;Chapter 11. Modelling and Monitoring Environmental Outcomes in Adaptive Management;198
16.1;11.1 Adaptive Management and Feedback Control;198
16.2;11.2 Shared and Distinct Features of the Management and Control Problems;200
16.3;11.3 Adaptivity;203
16.4;11.4 Problems in Adaptive Management and Some Tools from Other Fields;205
16.5;11.5 Open Challenges for Adaptive Management;213
16.6;11.6 Conclusions Preceding the Workshop;215
16.7;Acknowledgements;216
16.8;Appendix A: Summary of Workshop Discussion;216
16.9;References;219
17;Chapter 12. Data Mining for Environmental Systems;222
17.1;12.1 Introduction;222
17.2;12.2 Data Mining Techniques;227
17.3;12.3 Guidelines for Good Data Mining Practice;233
17.4;12.4 Software - Existing and Under Development;237
17.5;12.5 Conclusions and Challenges for Data Mining of Environmental Systems;240
17.6;Acknowledgement;241
17.7;References;241
18;Chapter 13. Generic Simulation Models for Facilitating Stakeholder Involvement in Water Resources Planning and Management: A Comparison, Evaluation, and Identification of Future Needs;246
18.1;13.1 Introduction;247
18.2;13.2 Model Characteristics and Comparisons;248
18.3;13.3 Stakeholder Involvement;255
18.4;13.4 Enhancing Non-expert Modelling Accessibility;255
18.5;13.5 Reaching Out to Younger Generations;256
18.6;13.6 The Current State of the Art - Results of Workshop Discussion;257
18.7;13.7 Overall Conclusion;261
18.8;Acknowledgements;262
18.9;References;262
19;Chapter 14. Computational Air Quality Modelling;264
19.1;14.1 Introduction;264
19.2;14.2 The Purpose of Air Quality Modelling;268
19.3;14.3 Urban Air Quality Information and Forecasting Systems;269
19.4;14.4 Integrated Modelling;271
19.5;14.5 Air Quality Modelling for Environment and Health Risk Assessments;272
19.6;14.6 Air Quality Modelling as a Natural Part of Climate Change Modelling;272
19.7;14.7 Scales of Processes/Models and Scale-interaction Aspects;273
19.8;14.8 Chemical Schemes and Aerosol Treatment;274
19.9;14.9 Real-time Air Quality Modelling;277
19.10;14.10 Internet and Information Technologies for Air Quality Modelling;278
19.11;14.11 Application Category Examples;279
19.12;References;281
20;Chapter 15. Identification, Resolution and Apportionment of Contamination Sources;286
20.1;15.1 Introduction;286
20.2;15.2 Data Sets;287
20.3;15.3 Models and Methods;288
20.4;15.4 Some Applications;296
20.5;15.5 Conclusions;298
20.6;References;298
21;Chapter 16. Regional Models of Intermediate Complexity (REMICs) - A New Direction in Integrated Landscape Modelling;302
21.1;16.1 Why Do We Need Better Models on a Landscape Scale?;302
21.2;16.2 The Way Forward;304
21.3;16.3 Landscape Models;305
21.4;16.4 A Sample Modelling Tool;308
21.5;16.5 Conclusions;310
21.6;References;311
22;Challenges in Earth System Modelling: Approaches and Applications;314
22.1;16.7 Introduction;314
22.2;16.8 Key Challenges (1);315
22.3;16.9 Key Challenges (2);319
22.4;16.10 Conclusions;322
22.5;References;322
23;Chapter 18. Uncertainty and Sensitivity Issues in Process-based Models of Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles in Terrestrial Ecosystems;324
23.1;18.1 Introduction;325
23.2;18.2 Uncertainty;325
23.3;18.3 Model Validation;337
23.4;18.4 Sensitivity Analysis;339
23.5;18.5 Conclusions;339
23.6;Acknowledgements;341
23.7;References;341
24;Chapter 19. Model-Data Fusion in Studies of the Terrestrial Carbon Sink;346
24.1;19.1 Introduction;347
24.2;19.2 The Major Obstacles;348
24.3;19.3 The Solutions;349
24.4;19.4 The Way Forward;357
24.5;Acknowledgements;358
24.6;References;358
25;Chapter 20. Building a Community Modelling and Information Sharing Culture;362
25.1;20.1 Introduction;362
25.2;20.2 Open Source and Hacker Culture;364
25.3;20.3 Knowledge Sharing and Intellectual Property Rights;367
25.4;20.4 Software Development and Collaborative Research;369
25.5;20.5 Open Source Software vs. Community Modelling;370
25.6;20.6 Pros and Cons of Open-Source Modelling;374
25.7;20.7 Open Data;377
25.8;20.8 Teaching;378
25.9;20.9 Conclusions and Recommendations;379
25.10;References;382
26;INDEX;384