Jameson / Walters Chemistry for Toxicity Testing

1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4831-9182-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 246 Seiten, Web PDF

Chemistry for Toxicity Testing presents the chemical requirements for external toxicity studies. This book is organized into four parts encompassing 18 chapters that discuss the basic chemistry considerations for toxicity testing program. It also describes the structure-activity prediction of the carcinogenicity of chemicals and the development of methods for mixing chemicals in rodent feed. Some of the topics covered in the book are the formulations of insoluble and immiscible test agents in liquid medium for toxicity testing; problems of testing commercial-grade chemicals; analysis of dosed feed samples; determination of chemical and vehicle mixtures stability; and the toxicity of inhaled chemicals. Other parts explore the methods for generation of test atmosphere and the monitoring of vapor concentration in test atmosphere. An evaluation of dosage analysis data from a problem-solving point of view is provided. The discussion then shifts to the effects of good laboratory practices on chemistry requirements for toxicity testing. The final part is devoted to the monitoring of aerosol chemicals inhalation in chambers. The book can provide useful information to chemists, toxicologists, students, and researchers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Jameson, C. W.

Walters, Douglas B.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Chemistry for Toxicity Testing;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Dedication;6
5;Table of Contents;8
6;THE EDITORS;10
7;THE CONTRIBUTORS;12
8;PREFACE;14
9;PART I: General Chemistry Considerations;16
9.1;CHAPTER 1. Analytical Chemistry Requirements for Toxicity Testing of Environmental Chemicals;18
9.1.1;PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT;19
9.1.2;CHEMICAL PROCUREMENT;19
9.1.3;CHEMICAL ANALYSIS;20
9.1.4;CONCLUSION;29
9.1.5;REFERENCES;29
9.2;CHAPTER 2. Structure-Activity Prediction of the Carcinogenicity of Chemicals;30
9.2.1;RATIONALE;31
9.2.2;METHODOLOGY;32
9.2.3;PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS;35
9.2.4;FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;41
9.2.5;SUMMARY;42
9.2.6;REFERENCES;42
9.3;CHAPTER 3. Problems of Testing Commercial-Grade Chemicals;46
9.3.1;CHEMICAL PROCUREMENT;46
9.3.2;CHEMICAL ANALYSIS;47
9.3.3;PROBLEMS IN CHEMICAL ANALYSES;48
9.3.4;CONCLUSION;64
9.4;CHAPTER 4. Chemical/Vehicle Mixing and Analysis Problems at a Bioassay Laboratory;66
9.4.1;DOSAGE PREPARATION;66
9.4.2;PERSONNEL;70
9.4.3;SUMMARY;71
10;PART II: Dosage Mixing and Analysis;72
10.1;CHAPTER 5. Methods Development for Mixing Chemicals in Rodent Feed;74
10.1.1;FACTORS AFFECTING FEED BLEND HOMOGENEITY;74
10.1.2;PRELIMINARY MIXING STUDIES;79
10.1.3;HOMOGENEITY EVALUATION;89
10.1.4;EXTENDED MIXING STUDIES;93
10.1.5;DISCUSSION;93
10.1.6;CONCLUSION;96
10.2;CHAPTER 6. Formulations of Insoluble and Immiscible Test Agents in Liquid Vehicles for Toxicity Testing;98
10.2.1;DISCUSSION;99
10.2.2;CONCLUSION;104
10.2.3;REFERENCES;105
10.3;CHAPTER 7. Analysis of Dosed Feed Samples;106
10.3.1;GENERAL COMMENTS CONCERNING THE CHEMICAL/FEED MIX;107
10.3.2;DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANALYTICAL METHOD;112
10.3.3;STABILITY ANALYSIS;117
10.3.4;DOSAGE ANALYSIS;118
10.3.5;CONCLUSION;119
10.3.6;REFERENCE;120
10.4;CHAPTER 8. Stability Determinations for Chemical/Vehicle Mixtures;122
10.4.1;ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION;122
10.4.2;CONCLUSION;129
11;PART III: Chemical Inhalation Studies;130
11.1;CHAPTER 9. Inhalation Toxicology: An Overview;132
11.1.1;CHAMBER DESIGN AND OPERATION;132
11.1.2;CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPERIMENTAL ATMOSPHERES;133
11.1.3;HEALTH AND SAFETY OF EMPLOYEES;134
11.1.4;MAINTENANCE OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS;135
11.1.5;EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN;135
11.1.6;ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOGIC EFFECTS;136
11.1.7;QUALITY CONTROL;136
11.1.8;SUMMARY;137
11.2;CHAPTER 10. Methods for Generation of Test Atmospheres;138
11.2.1;BASIC PRINCIPLES;138
11.2.2;TECHNIQUES FOR GENERATION OF VAPORS;143
11.2.3;TECHNIQUES FOR GENERATION OF AEROSOLS;146
11.2.4;SUMMARY;149
11.2.5;REFERENCES;149
11.3;CHAPTER 11. Monitoring Vapor Concentrations in Test Atmospheres;154
11.3.1;SAMPLE COLLECTION;154
11.3.2;SAMPLE ANALYSIS;158
11.3.3;INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION;160
11.3.4;SUMMARY;160
11.3.5;REFERENCES;162
11.4;CHAPTER 12. Chemical Monitoring of Aerosols in Inhalation Chambers;164
11.4.1;FORWARD SCATTER DETECTORS TDA-2DN;165
11.4.2;RAM-1;166
11.4.3;BACK SCATTER DETECTOR RAM-1;169
11.4.4;CASCADE IMPACTOR OPERATION;170
11.4.5;SUMMARY;172
11.4.6;REFERENCES;172
11.5;CHAPTER 13. Detection of Degradation Products in Inhalation Test Atmospheres and Analysis in Combustion Products Toxicology;174
11.5.1;DEGRADATION IN INHALATION TEST ATMOSPHERES;174
11.5.2;COMBUSTION PRODUCTS TOXICOLOGY;180
11.5.3;SUMMARY;183
11.5.4;REFERENCES;183
11.6;CHAPTER 14. Analytical Monitoring for Both Intentional and Unintentional Test Chemical Release during the Conduct of Inhalation Toxicity Studies;184
11.6.1;EQUIPMENT AND METHODS;184
11.6.2;RESULTS;187
11.6.3;CONCLUSION;188
12;PART IV: Chemistry Data Evaluation;190
12.1;CHAPTER 15. Data Evaluation and Management;192
12.1.1;MANAGEMENT CONCERNS;192
12.1.2;DECISION FLOWCHARTS;195
12.1.3;CONTROL CHARTS;195
12.1.4;SUMMARY;204
12.1.5;CONCLUSION;204
12.1.6;REFERENCES;204
12.2;CHAPTER 16. Evaluation of Dosage Analysis Data from a Problem-Solving Point of View;206
12.2.1;ANALYSIS OF PRECISION;206
12.2.2;MEASURE OF ACCURACY;208
12.2.3;COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION;209
12.2.4;SOURCES OF ERROR;212
12.2.5;ANIMAL ROOM SAMPLING;217
12.2.6;CONCLUSION;225
12.2.7;REFERENCES;225
12.3;CHAPTER 17. Management of a Repository for Chemicals Used in Coded Toxicity Testing;228
12.3.1;Data Base Content;229
12.3.2;Data Base Levels;230
12.3.3;Shipping Documents and Procedures;232
12.3.4;Analytical Support;234
12.3.5;Management and Communications;234
12.3.6;REFERENCES;235
12.4;CHAPTER 18. Effects of Good Laboratory Practices on Chemistry Requirements for Toxicity Testing;236
12.4.1;ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS;237
12.4.2;TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS;238
12.4.3;SUMMARY;240
12.4.4;REFERENCES;240
13;INDEX;242