Jansen Governance and Performance in the German Public Research Sector

Disciplinary Differences
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-90-481-9139-0
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 32, 194 Seiten

Reihe: Higher Education Dynamics

2007b: 115 ff.; Jansen 2007c: 236 ff.). 'Governance patterns' here means a chain of interconnected mechanisms which can be observed empirically. 'Governance p- terns' can be roughly de?ned as 'complex regulatory structures coordinating the actions of interdependent actors'. Governance patterns can relate to hierarchical as well as to lateral coordination mechanisms. Enforcement can be based on law, p- fessional norms or informal and implicit norms or customs. Moreover, the regulatory structures or individual mechanisms inside them can be established and sanctioned by public as well as by private actors. There is in fact not necessarily an actor in charge of controlling outcomes as for instance in market competition. In the next section, I will introduce the reader to the changing role of the state in science policy. The third section presents the governance model for the p- lic research sector which was developed by the research group and underlies the 1 contributions in this anthology. The ?nal section gives an overview of the papers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Jansen, Dorothea

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface and Acknowledgements;6
2;Contents;7
3;Contributors;9
4; Governance of Research, Inter-disciplinary Differences and Performance An Introduction to the Research Programme and the Contributions;15
4.1;1 Introduction;15
4.2;2 Changes of Statehood and Governance of the Research System;16
4.3;3 An Integrated Model of Governance of Research;18
4.4;4 Introduction to the Research Programme and the Contributions in This Volume;21
4.5;References;23
5;Part I Effects of Science Law and Science Policy on Performance;27
5.1;1 New Public Management in Science and Incentive-Compatible Resource-Allocation Based on Indicators;28
5.1.1;1.1 Introduction;28
5.1.2;1.2 Characteristics of New Public Management;29
5.1.2.1;1.2.1 New Public Management in the German University Sector;30
5.1.2.2;1.2.2 Effects of New Public Management;30
5.1.3;1.3 Scientific Production;35
5.1.3.1;1.3.1 Hypotheses About the Structure of the Production Process -- Multidimensionality, Interdependencies and Functional Balance;36
5.1.3.2;1.3.2 Linking Micro and Macroperformance;38
5.1.3.3;1.3.3 The Role of Indicator Systems in Increasing Scientific Performance;38
5.1.4;1.4 A Sensible Set of Indicators;39
5.1.5;1.5 Summary;41
5.1.6;References;42
5.2;2 Disciplinary Differences from a Legal Perspective;44
5.2.1;2.1 Introduction;44
5.2.2;2.2 Discipline Formation Affected by the Conditions of Academic Production;45
5.2.3;2.3 Legal Frameworks for the Disciplines and Their Development: An Overview;46
5.2.4;2.4 The Change in Governance: Financing Incentives and Disciplines;50
5.2.5;2.5 Legal Structuring of Financing Incentives in Formula-Based Funding;53
5.2.5.1;2.5.1 Provision of Governmental Funds to Universities;54
5.2.5.2;2.5.2 Resource Allocation Within Universities;56
5.2.5.3;2.5.3 Resource Allocation Within Faculties;57
5.2.6;2.6 Discipline-Specific Effects of Indicator Models;57
5.2.6.1;2.6.1 Problems of Discipline-Specific Performance Enhancement at Research Level;57
5.2.6.2;2.6.2 Problems of Discipline-Specific Performance Measurement;58
5.2.6.3;2.6.3 Level-Specific Formula Models and Their Consequences;59
5.2.7;2.7 Legal Requirements on Formula-Based Funding;60
5.2.8;2.8 Summary;62
5.2.9;References;63
6;Part II New Governance of Research and Effects on Performance;67
6.1;3 Is Nanoscience a Mode 2 Field? Disciplinary Differences in Modes of Knowledge Production;68
6.1.1;3.1 Introduction;68
6.1.2;3.2 Attributes and Characteristics of Mode 2 of Knowledge Production;70
6.1.3;3.3 Nanoscience as a Paradigmatic Field of Knowledge Production Mode 2?;71
6.1.4;3.4 Research Design;73
6.1.5;3.5 Measuring Mode 2 ;75
6.1.5.1;3.5.1 Context of Application;75
6.1.5.2;3.5.2 Trans-/Interdisciplinarity;77
6.1.5.3;3.5.3 Organisational Diversity;79
6.1.5.4;3.5.4 Heterarchical and Transient Organisational Structures?;79
6.1.5.5;3.5.5 Quality Control;82
6.1.6;3.6 Nanoscience as a Mode 2 Field?;84
6.1.7;3.7 Policy Instruments Promoting Mode 2 ;85
6.1.8;3.8 Effects of Mode 2 Policy: The Fostering of Science--Industry Relations as an Example;87
6.1.9;3.9 Conclusion;90
6.1.10;References;23
6.2;4 Effects of New Governance on Research in the Humanities -- The Example of Medieval History;95
6.2.1;4.1 Introduction;95
6.2.2;4.2 A Comparative Analysis of Research Funding and Academic Staff in the Humanities;96
6.2.3;4.3 Medieval History: A Case Study;99
6.2.3.1;4.3.1 Perceptions of the Institutional Environment;100
6.2.3.1.1;4.3.1.1 English Cases;100
6.2.3.1.2;4.3.1.2 Dutch Cases;100
6.2.3.1.3;4.3.1.3 Austrian Cases;101
6.2.3.1.4;4.3.1.4 German Cases;101
6.2.3.2;4.3.2 Research Practices and Responses;102
6.2.3.2.1;4.3.2.1 Problem Choice;102
6.2.3.2.2;4.3.2.2 Relationships Between ``Mainstream'' and ``Risky'' Research;103
6.2.3.2.3;4.3.2.3 Output Preferences;105
6.2.3.2.4;4.3.2.4 Teaching-Research Nexus;106
6.2.4;4.4 Conclusions: The Effects of Managerial Governance on Research in Medieval History Compared;107
6.2.5;References;110
7;Part III New Governance of PhD Education and Effects on Performance;113
7.1;5 The Performance of German Research Training Groups in Different Disciplinary Fields An Empirical Assessment;114
7.1.1;5.1 German Research Training Groups: Profile and Goals;114
7.1.2;5.2 Data and Measures;115
7.1.3;5.3 Descriptives;116
7.1.3.1;5.3.1 Doctoral Degrees;116
7.1.3.2;5.3.2 Scientific Visibility;117
7.1.3.2.1;5.3.2.1 Publications;118
7.1.3.2.2;5.3.2.2 Presentations;120
7.1.3.2.3;5.3.2.3 Summary;121
7.1.4;5.4 The Relative Efficiency of RTGs: The Results of a Data Envelopment Analysis;122
7.1.4.1;5.4.1 The DEA Model;122
7.1.4.2;5.4.2 The Input--Output Structure of the DEA Model;124
7.1.4.3;5.4.3 DEA Results and Implications;125
7.1.4.3.1;5.4.3.1 Humanities and Social Sciences;125
7.1.4.3.2;5.4.3.2 Natural and Life Sciences;126
7.1.5;5.5 Conclusions;126
7.1.6;References;127
7.2;6 Success and Failure of PhD Programmes: An Empirical Study of the Interplay Between Interests, Resources and Organisation;128
7.2.1;6.1 Introduction;128
7.2.2;6.2 Linking Organisational Characteristics to PhD Education;130
7.2.2.1;6.2.1 Goals and Interests;130
7.2.2.2;6.2.2 Resources and Organisational Conditions;130
7.2.3;6.3 Empirical Patterns;132
7.2.3.1;6.3.1 The Method: Exploiting Case Study Evidence by QCA Analysis;132
7.2.3.2;6.3.2 Variables;133
7.2.3.2.1;6.3.2.1 Outcome Variable: PhD Placement Success;133
7.2.3.2.2;6.3.2.2 Input Variables: Organisational Conditions;134
7.2.4;6.4 Results;137
7.2.4.1;6.4.1 Conditions for Placement Success;137
7.2.4.2;6.4.2 Conditions for Placement Failure;139
7.2.5;6.5 Conclusions;140
7.2.6;References;142
7.3;Summary and Conclusions;145
7.3.1; References;155
8;Appendix Disciplinary Differences in Four Research Fields: The Cases of Astrophysics, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Medical Biotechnology, and Economics;156
8.1;Introduction;157
8.1.1; References;159
9;Appendix A The Research Field of Astrophysics;160
9.1;A.1 Definition of the Research Field and Important Characteristics;160
9.2;A.2 Publication Analysis;162
9.3;A.3 Institutional Structure and Funding Promotion;166
9.4; References;169
10;Appendix B The Research Field of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;170
10.1;B.1 Introduction;170
10.2;B.2 Definition of the Research Field;170
10.2.1;B.2.1 Definition of Nano S&T;170
10.2.2;B.2.2 Application Areas;171
10.2.3;B.2.3 Analysis of Publications and Patent Applications;172
10.2.3.1;B.2.3.1 Results of the Publication Analysis;173
10.2.4;B.2.4 Results of the Patent Analysis;174
10.3;B.3 Institutional Structure and Research Promotion;176
10.4;B.4 Further Information;178
10.5; References;178
11;Appendix C The Research Field of Medical Biotechnology;180
11.1;C.1 Definition of the Research Field;180
11.2;C.2 Publication and Patent Analysis;181
11.3;C.3 Institutional Structures and Research Promotion;185
11.4; References;187
12;Appendix D The Research Field of Economics;188
12.1;D.1 Definition of the Research Field;188
12.2;D.2 Publication Analysis;190
12.3;D.3 Structures and Research Promotion in Germany;193
12.4; References;194
13;About the Authors;196
14;Author Index;201
15;Subject Index;205