Jonah / Rao Radiation Chemistry

Present Status and Future Trends
1. Auflage 2001
ISBN: 978-0-08-054021-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 776 Seiten, Web PDF

During the twentieth century, radiation chemistry emerged as a multi-faceted field encompassing all areas of science. Radiation chemical techniques are becoming increasingly popular and are being routinely used not only by chemists but also by biologists, polymer scientists, etc.
'Radiation Chemistry: Present Status and Future Trends' presents an overall view of the different aspects of the subject. The chapters review the current status of the field and present the future opportunities in utilizing radiation chemical techniques. This will be of interest to chemists in general and in particular to radiation chemists, chemical kineticists, photochemists, physical-organic chemists and spectroscopists.
In view of the diverse nature of the field, the book is a multi-authored effort by several experts in their particular areas of research. Six main areas, both basic and applied, were identified and the book is organized around them. The topics were selected in terms of their relative importance and the contribution of radiation chemistry to the general areas of chemistry, biology and physics. The topics covered are as diverse as gas phase radiation chemistry, the use of radiation chemical techniques, the treatment of water pollutants, the chemical basis of radiation biology, and muonium chemistry. The book also contains an update of the next generation electron accelerators.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Jonah, C. D.

Rao, B. S. M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Table of Contents;8
3;Preface;17
4;List of Authors;19
5;Chapter 1. Radiation chemistry: from the early days to the next millennium;22
5.1;Introduction;22
5.2;Theory;22
5.3;Instrumentation;26
5.4;Homogeneous systems;30
5.5;Organized assemblies and heterogeneous systems;33
5.6;Applications;35
5.7;Conclusions;36
5.8;References;36
6;Chapter 2. Accelerators for ultrafast phenomena;42
6.1;Introduction;42
6.2;Acceleration methods for ultrafast studies;43
6.3;Beam transport and pulse compression techniques;47
6.4;Pulse width determination;49
6.5;Experimental detection methods;51
6.6;Conclusion;53
6.7;References;54
7;Chapter 3. Ion-beam radiation chemistry;58
7.1;Introduction;58
7.2;Energy deposition processes;59
7.3;Experimental techniques;64
7.4;Water and aqueous solutions;70
7.5;Organic liquids;74
7.6;Polymeric systems;78
7.7;References;82
8;Chapter 4. Radiation chemistry under magnetic fields – Spin coherence effects;88
8.1;Introduction;88
8.2;Singlet-correlated radical ion pairs in irradiated alkanes;89
8.3;Stationary effects, mary-spectroscopy;90
8.4;Time-resolved effects, quantum beats;93
8.5;Conclusion;101
8.6;References;102
9;Chapter 5. Muonium chemistry;104
9.1;Introduction;104
9.2;The muon, an end-of-track probe;106
9.3;Muonium reactions and kinetic isotope effects;114
9.4;Solvation and diffusion of water hydrogen isotopes in water;117
9.5;Muonium-Substituted Free Radicals;120
9.6;Potential and future prospects;124
9.7;References;125
10;Chapter 6. Fundamental processes in gas-phase radiation chemistry;128
10.1;Introduction;128
10.2;The physical stage;129
10.3;Physico-chemical stage;131
10.4;Electron thermalization;134
10.5;The chemical stage;137
10.6;Detection techniques;137
10.7;Ion-ion recombination;146
10.8;Xe2+/SF6 ionic recombination;148
10.9;Xe2+/Br- ionic recombination;152
10.10;Absolute excitation and emission yields;157
10.11;Applications of gas phase radiation chemistry;161
10.12;References;163
11;Chapter 7. High temperature water radiolysis;166
11.1;Introduction;166
11.2;Scheme for the radiolysis of water;167
11.3;Measurement of g-values;168
11.4;Measurement of rate constants of spur reactions;170
11.5;Modelling of spur and track processes up to 300°C;177
11.6;Non-linear arrhenius behaviour of rate constants;179
11.7;Concluding remarks;182
11.8;References;183
12;Chapter 8. Radiation chemistry of concentrated inorganic aqueous solutions;184
12.1;Direct & indirect action of radiation in aqueous solutions;184
12.2;Nitric acid and nitrate solutions;186
12.3;Sulfuric acid and sulfate solutions;189
12.4;Phosphoric acid and phosphate solutions;190
12.5;Perchloric acid and perchlorate solutions;191
12.6;Other solutions;191
12.7;References;193
13;Chapter 9. Radiation chemistry of organic liquids: saturated hydrocarbons;196
13.1;Introduction;196
13.2;Solvent holes with anomalously high mobility;199
13.3;Single-pair and multiple-pair spurs;214
13.4;Generation of solvent and solute excited states;222
13.5;Concluding remarks;233
13.6;References;235
14;Chapter 10. Radiation chemistry of organic halides in aqueous solutions;244
14.1;Introduction;244
14.2;Formation of transient species;247
14.3;Oxidation potential of solute radical cations;266
14.4;Conclusions;266
14.5;References;267
15;Chapter 11. Radiation chemistry of fullerenes;274
15.1;Introduction;274
15.2;[60], [70], [76], [78] and [84]fullerenes;275
15.3;Monofunctionalized fullerene derivatives;294
15.4;Multiply functionalized fullerene derivatives;300
15.5;Concluding remarks;304
15.6;References;305
16;Chapter 12. Radiation chemistry of quinones;308
16.1;Introduction;308
16.2;Formation of semiquinones in aqueous solutions;309
16.3;Characteristics of semiquinones;311
16.4;Oxidation of quinones;329
16.5;Triplet excited states;332
16.6;Current scope and future prospects;333
16.7;References;334
17;Chapter 13. Redox chemistry and energetics of radical cations of substituted benzenes;340
17.1;Introduction;340
17.2;Thermochemistry;342
17.3;Experimental techniques;344
17.4;Redox properties;345
17.5;Acidity properties;353
17.6;Reactive side-chains;356
17.7;Concluding remarks;358
17.8;References;359
18;Chapter 14. Heteroatom-centered free radicals: some selected contributions by radiation chemistry;362
18.1;Introduction;362
18.2;Some selected radicals and radical ions from n-organic compounds;364
18.3;S-centered radicals and radical anions;370
18.4;Sulfur- & other heteroatom-centered radical cations;381
18.5;Odd-electron bonds;384
18.6;Concluding remarks and outlook;407
18.7;References;408
19;Chapter 15. Zeolite catalysis studies by radiation chemical methods;416
19.1;Introduction;416
19.2;Spin labeling by ionization;417
19.3;Radiolysis/epr method;420
19.4;Reactions of acyclic olefins on zsm5;421
19.5;Shape selectivity- zsm5 and mordenite;424
19.6;H/D exchange;427
19.7;Conclusion;428
19.8;References;428
20;Chapter 16. Radiation chemistry of nanocolloids and clusters;432
20.1;Introduction;432
20.2;Principles;434
20.3;Metal cluster nucleation and growth;437
20.4;Transient metal cluster reactivity;440
20.5;Synthesis of monometallic nanoclusters;446
20.6;Bimetallic clusters;455
20.7;Catalytic properties of metal clusters;461
20.8;Semiconductor reactivity cluster nucleation and reactivity;463
20.9;Future trends;467
20.10;References;468
21;Chapter 17. Radiation chemical studies of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins;474
21.1;Introduction;474
21.2;Reduction of the porphyrin ligand;476
21.3;Oxidation of the porphyrin ligand;479
21.4;Reduction of the metal center;483
21.5;Oxidation of the metal center;486
21.6;Organometallic chemistry of porphyrins;489
21.7;Concluding remarks;492
21.8;References;493
22;Chapter 18. Carbohydrates;502
22.1;Introduction;502
22.2;Aqueous solutions;503
22.3;Radiolysis in the solid state;520
22.4;References;527
23;Chapter 19. Radiation chemistry of the nucleobases;534
23.1;Introduction;534
23.2;Pyrimidines;536
23.3;Purines;552
23.4;Nucleobase radical cations;561
23.5;References;567
24;Chapter 20. Radiation chemistry of proteins;574
24.1;Radiolysis of proteins in the solid state;574
24.2;Reactions of water primary radicals;576
24.3;Insight into mechanisms: reactions of other free radicals;585
24.4;Thiyl and disulfide free radicals in peptides and proteins;588
24.5;Long range intramolecular electron transfer in proteins;590
24.6;Biological consequences;594
24.7;Conclusion;597
24.8;References;597
25;Chapter 21. Radiation-induced damage in DNA;606
25.1;Introduction;606
25.2;Structure of DNA;608
25.3;Cellular DNA damage induced by ionising radiation;609
25.4;Early processes in radiation-induced DNA damage;613
25.5;Effect of chemical modifiers of DNA damage;631
25.6;Radiation-induced charge transfer in DNA;635
25.7;Clustered DNA damage;637
25.8;References;639
26;Chapter 22. Free radical mechanisms in anti-cancer drug research;644
26.1;Introduction;644
26.2;Redox characteristics of drugs and radicals;645
26.3;Redox characteristics of tumours compared to normal tissues;651
26.4;Drugs enhancing cellular radiosensivity;653
26.5;Drugs selectively toxic towards hypoxic cells;658
26.6;Drugs activated by oxidative reactions;664
26.7;Conclusions;666
26.8;References;666
27;Chapter 23. The chemistry behind the application of ionizing radiation in water-pollution abatement;678
27.1;Introduction;678
27.2;Some examples;681
27.3;Cost-benefit considerations;687
27.4;References;689
28;Chapter 24. High-performance polymeric materials for separation and reaction, prepared by radiation-induced graft polymerization;692
28.1;Radiation-induced graft polymerization has provided commercial products;692
28.2;Porous hollow-fiber membranes enhance convective mass transport;696
28.3;Nonwoven fabrics enable large-scale uranium recovery from seawater;712
28.4;Applications promote new characterization of graft chains;716
28.5;Acknowledgement;718
28.6;References;718
29;Chapter 25. Radiation pasteurization and sterilization of food;726
29.1;Introduction;726
29.2;Fundamental aspects;727
29.3;Major constituents;730
29.4;Wholesomeness implications;741
29.5;Quality implications;751
29.6;Conclusion;755
29.7;References;755
30;Index;760