Jones / Kijima Systemic Design

Theory, Methods, and Practice
1. Auflage 2019
ISBN: 978-4-431-55639-8
Verlag: Springer Japan
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 8, 327 Seiten

Reihe: Translational Systems Sciences

This book presents emerging work in the co-evolving fields of design-led systemics, referred to as systemic design to distinguish it from the engineering and hard science epistemologies of system design or systems engineering. There are significant societal forces and organizational demands impelling the requirement for 'better means of change' through integrated design practices of systems and services. Here we call on advanced design to lead programs of strategic scale and higher complexity (e.g., social policy, healthcare, education, urbanization) while adapting systems thinking methods, creatively pushing the boundaries beyond the popular modes of systems dynamics and soft systems. Systemic design is distinguished by its scale, social complexity and integration - it is concerned with higher-order systems that that entail multiple subsystems. By integrating systems thinking and its methods, systemic design brings human-centred design to complex, multi-stakeholder service systems. As designers engage with ever more complex problem areas, it is necessary to draw on a basis other than individual creativity and contemporary 'design thinking' methods. Systems theories can co-evolve with a new school of design theory to resolve informed action on today's highly resilient complex problems and can deal effectively with demanding, contested and high-stakes challenges.

Peter Jones, OCAD University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Kyoichi Kijima, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Decision Science & Techonolgy, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan

Autoren/Hrsg.

Jones, Peter

Kijima, Kyoichi

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Dedication;6
2;Preface: Taking Stock and Flow of Systemic Design;8
2.1;Relating Systems Thinking and Design;10
2.2;Significance of the Collection;12
2.3;Acknowledgements;16
2.4;References;16
3;Contents;18
4;Part I: Integrative Practices;20
4.1;Contexts of Co-creation: Designing with System Stakeholders;21
4.1.1;Introduction;21
4.1.2;Background and Contexts;23
4.1.3;Recreating Co-creation;24
4.1.3.1;Co-creation as Theory of Value;25
4.1.3.2;Co-creation as Design Method;26
4.1.3.3;Co-creation Systems;27
4.1.3.4;Design Co-creation;28
4.1.3.5;Co-creation in Design Process;30
4.1.3.6;Co-creation and Co-design;32
4.1.3.7;Co-creation in Social Systems;32
4.1.4;Framework Development;33
4.1.4.1;Application to Dialogic Design Practice;34
4.1.4.2;A Process for Advancing Science as Reflective Practice;35
4.1.4.3;DoSM Model and Design;36
4.1.4.4;Translation to Collective Design Contexts;38
4.1.5;Systemic Design Framework;42
4.1.5.1;Process of Model Development;42
4.1.5.2;Co-creation System Model;45
4.1.5.2.1;Foundation Domain;49
4.1.5.2.1.1;Foundation: Axioms;49
4.1.5.2.1.2;Foundation: Definitions;50
4.1.5.2.2;Theory Domain;51
4.1.5.2.2.1;Theory: Principles;51
4.1.5.2.2.2;Dialogic Design Principles;51
4.1.5.2.2.3;Systemic Design Principles;52
4.1.5.2.2.4;Theory: Context Theory;53
4.1.5.2.2.5;Theory: Ontological Variety in Participation;55
4.1.5.2.2.6;Theory: Theory of Action Intervention;56
4.1.5.2.3;Methodology Domain;57
4.1.5.2.3.1;Methodology: Roles and Controls;57
4.1.5.2.3.2;Methodology: Workshop Process Staging;58
4.1.5.2.3.3;Methodology: Modes of Inquiry;59
4.1.5.2.3.4;Methodology: Modes of Design;59
4.1.5.2.3.5;Methodology: Modes of Anticipation;60
4.1.5.2.3.6;Methodology: Representation Methods;60
4.1.5.2.4;Application Domain;61
4.1.5.2.4.1;Application: Co-creation Workshop—Dialogic Design Co-laboratory (Arena);61
4.1.5.2.4.2;Application: Co-creation Conference—Strategic Dialogue (Arena);61
4.1.5.2.4.3;Application: Civic Inquiry (Agora);61
4.1.5.2.4.4;Application: Observatorium (Agora);62
4.1.5.2.5;Summary;62
4.1.6;Discussion and Recommendations;62
4.1.6.1;Evaluating Process Models;64
4.1.6.2;Conclusion;66
4.1.7;References;67
4.2;A Framework for Complex Design: Lessons from Synthetic Biology;71
4.2.1;Introduction;71
4.2.2;Complex Design Problems and Practices;72
4.2.2.1;Background to Synthetic Biology;74
4.2.3;Method and Participants;75
4.2.3.1;Procedure;75
4.2.3.2;Participants;76
4.2.4;Descriptions of Complex Design Practice;77
4.2.4.1;Characterizations of Complexity;77
4.2.4.2;Design Objectives;79
4.2.4.3;Design Approaches;80
4.2.5;Illustration with Designing Out Crime;81
4.2.6;Summary and Conclusions;83
4.2.7;References;84
4.3;Inclusive Systemic Design for Health System Flourishment;86
4.3.1;Introduction;86
4.3.2;Framework Synthesis;88
4.3.2.1;A Transactional Sensemaking Perspective;88
4.3.2.2;Inclusive Eudaimonic Systemic Design Framing of Flourishment Cycle Specifications;90
4.3.2.3;A Registry of Personal Records of Eudaimonic Flourishment and Enhanced Resilience (PREFER);92
4.3.2.4;PREFER Registry Design Elements;94
4.3.3;Application of the Framework;97
4.3.4;Conclusion;100
4.3.5;References;100
5;Part II: Theoretical Foundations;103
5.1;Systems Design Thinking: Theoretical, Methodological, and Methodical Considerations. A German Narrative;104
5.1.1;Introduction;104
5.1.1.1;Motivation;105
5.1.1.2;Overview;105
5.1.2;Systems Design Thinking in Germany;106
5.1.3;The Basic Problems of Complexity and Uncertainty/Control and Prediction;109
5.1.3.1;The Problem of Control (Irreducible Complexity);109
5.1.3.2;The Problem of Prediction (Multiple Evolutionary Futures);110
5.1.4;Systemic Phases, Levels, and Structures;111
5.1.4.1;Changing Design Contexts and Conditions;111
5.1.4.2;Levels of the Design Process;112
5.1.4.3;Levels of Reality (Observation and Explanation);113
5.1.5;The Concept of the Inquiring/Design System;114
5.1.6;Facts and Values: Epistemic Democracy and RTD;115
5.1.7;The Relation to Design Methodology;119
5.1.7.1;Design Process Models, RTD as a Model of Systems Design Research;119
5.1.7.2;The Relevant Systems in RTD: The Problem of Control;119
5.1.7.3;Relating RTD to a Generic Scenario Model: The Problem of Prediction;121
5.1.8;Methodologies and Methods for Analysis and Projection;122
5.1.8.1;Sensitivity Modelling (Vester);122
5.1.8.2;Intuitive Scenarios (Schwartz);123
5.1.8.3;Model-Based Scenarios (Gausemeier et al.);124
5.1.8.4;Synthesis;125
5.1.9;Conclusion;126
5.1.9.1;Systems Design Thinking As the Model of Transdisciplinary/Transformative Science;126
5.1.10;References;129
5.2;Wicked Problems in Design and Ethics;133
5.2.1;Introduction;133
5.2.2;Wicked Problems;135
5.2.3;Conversation and Design;138
5.2.4;Wicked Problems and Ethical Dilemmas;141
5.2.5;No Way to Be Right, No Right to Be Wrong;145
5.2.6;Implicit Ethical Questioning;147
5.2.7;Conclusion;152
5.2.8;References;153
5.3;On the Resilience of Sociotechnical Systems;158
5.3.1;Introduction;158
5.3.1.1;Background;159
5.3.1.2;The Concept of Resilience;160
5.3.1.3;A Systems Approach to Resilience;161
5.3.1.4;Relating Resilience to System Attributes;162
5.3.2;Method and Participants;165
5.3.2.1;Sample;165
5.3.2.2;Data Collection and Analysis;166
5.3.2.3;Developing a Diagrammatic Framework for Resilience;167
5.3.2.3.1;System Structure;167
5.3.2.3.2;System Function;168
5.3.2.3.3;Combined Framework;169
5.3.3;How People Talk About Resilience;170
5.3.3.1;Resisting Influences (R1);171
5.3.3.2;Recovering from Influences (R2);172
5.3.3.3;Changing to Accommodate Influences (R3);173
5.3.4;How to Structure a Discussion About Resilience;175
5.3.4.1;System Boundary;175
5.3.4.2;System Purpose;176
5.3.4.3;Level of System Abstraction;177
5.3.5;Summary and Conclusions;178
5.3.6;References;180
5.4;Towards a (Socio-ecological) Science of Settlement: Relational Dynamics as a Basis for Place;185
5.4.1;Introduction;185
5.4.2;Cities: Sustainability;190
5.4.3;Cities as Tension;191
5.4.4;Cities as Targets;197
5.4.5;Cities as Traction;199
5.4.6;Cities as Embodiment;203
5.4.7;Settlements as Dwelling;208
5.4.8;Systems Dynamics as a Basis for Place;216
5.4.8.1;The Social, the Ecological, the Constructed;217
5.4.8.2;Integrated Essence;220
5.4.8.3;Form, Matter, Process, Meaning;224
5.4.9;Emergent Engagement;230
5.4.10;Conclusion;235
5.4.11;References;240
6;Part III: Method and Practice;253
6.1;Visualizing Complex Design: The Evolution of Gigamaps;254
6.1.1;Introduction;254
6.1.2;Design on the Move;256
6.1.3;Systems and Design;258
6.1.3.1;Interdisciplines;260
6.1.4;A Knowledge Framework;261
6.1.4.1;Myriadic Quality of Gigamaps;263
6.1.4.2;Managing Map Complexity;264
6.1.5;Ruptures;266
6.1.5.1;Stakeholders and Actors;266
6.1.6;The Gigamap as Bridging Device;268
6.1.6.1;New Developments in Bridging;271
6.1.7;The Sense Sharing Model;273
6.1.7.1;Sense of Field;275
6.1.7.2;Sense of Gestalt;276
6.1.7.3;Sense of Degree of Complexity;276
6.1.7.4;Sense of Timing and Dynamics;276
6.1.7.5;Sense of Required Effort;276
6.1.7.6;Sense of Resistance;277
6.1.7.7;How to Practise the Sense Sharing Model;277
6.1.8;Conclusion;278
6.1.9;References;278
6.2;Local Ruralism: Systemic Design for Economic Development;281
6.2.1;Introduction;281
6.2.2;Methodology;282
6.2.3;Theoretical Background;284
6.2.4;Action Case Accounts;285
6.2.4.1;EN.FA.SI. Project;286
6.2.4.1.1;Analysis;287
6.2.4.1.2;Project;287
6.2.4.1.3;Actions;287
6.2.4.1.4;Conclusion;289
6.2.4.2;Ahuehuetla Project;289
6.2.4.2.1;Analysis;289
6.2.4.2.2;Project;290
6.2.4.2.3;Action;290
6.2.4.2.4;Conclusion;291
6.2.4.3;Azaro Project;292
6.2.4.3.1;Analysis;292
6.2.4.3.2;Project;292
6.2.4.3.3;Action;293
6.2.4.3.4;Conclusion;294
6.2.4.4;Summary of Findings;294
6.2.4.5;Framework;296
6.2.5;Conclusion;298
6.2.6;References;300
6.3;Permaculture as a Systemic Design Practice;302
6.3.1;Introduction;302
6.3.2;History and Context;303
6.3.3;Permaculture Practitioners as Systemic Designers;306
6.3.4;Contributions of Permaculture Design;307
6.3.4.1;Ethics;308
6.3.4.2;Design Principles and Vocabulary;309
6.3.4.3;Permaculture Design Methods;311
6.3.4.3.1;Need Discovery;312
6.3.4.3.2;Setting and Sector Discovery;312
6.3.4.3.3;Function to Element Mapping;313
6.3.4.3.4;Element Discovery;313
6.3.4.3.5;Sector, Zone, and Cost Feasibility;313
6.3.4.3.6;Work and Waste Analysis;313
6.3.4.3.7;Element Input-Output Needs Analysis;314
6.3.4.3.8;Arrangement Discovery;314
6.3.4.3.9;Arrangement Search;315
6.3.4.4;A Permaculture Design Process;315
6.3.4.5;Ecological Design;316
6.3.4.6;Socioeconomic Practices;317
6.3.5;Systemic Challenges to Permaculture;318
6.3.6;Recent Developments;323
6.3.7;Further Work;324
6.3.8;Conclusion;325
6.3.9;References;325