Karachalios Erich Hückel (1896-1980)

From Physics to Quantum Chemistry
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-90-481-3560-8
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 200 Seiten

This comprehensive account of Huckel's career examines his scientific work and his key role in the emergence of quantum chemistry as an independent discipline. It also covers his clash with Linus Pauling over the properties of the benzene molecule.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Karachalios, Andreas

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Acknowledgments;6
2;Contents;7
3;Introduction;9
4;1 Erich Hckels Education and Scientific Awakening: The Path to Quantum Chemistry;16
4.1;1.1 The Hckel Family;16
4.2;1.2 The First Years in Gttingen: Childhood, Elementary and Preparatory Schooling;19
4.3;1.3 Beginnings at the University of Gttingen and the War Years;21
4.4;1.4 Continued Studies at Gttingen;23
4.5;1.5 Hckels Doctorate in Experimental Physics;24
4.6;1.6 Excursion: First Collaboration with His Brother Walter;29
4.7;1.7 Intermediate Stops;30
4.7.1;1.7.1 David Hilbert's Auxiliary Assistant;30
4.7.2;1.7.2 Assistant to Max Born;33
4.8;1.8 Assistantship Under Peter Debye in Zurich and Habilitation Thesis on the Theory of Strong Electrolytes;38
4.9;1.9 From the Theory of Strong Electrolytes to the Quantum Theory of Double Bonding;44
4.9.1;1.9.1 New Ambitions and Separation from Peter Debye;44
4.9.2;1.9.2 Fellowship from the International Education Board in London with Frederick Donnan: New Research Orientation;48
4.9.3;1.9.3 Visit at Niels Bohr's Institute in Copenhagen: The Beginnings of the Quantum Theory of Double Bonding;55
4.9.4;1.9.4 Fellowship from the Notgemeinschaft at the Leipzig Institute of Theoretical Physics;60
5;2 Erich Hckels Research Agenda During the 1930s: Underpinning Organic Chemistry with Quantum Theory;64
5.1;2.1 The Quantum Theory of Double Bonding;64
5.1.1;2.1.1 Prehistory;64
5.1.2;2.1.2 The Beginnings of H'ckel's Quantum-Theoretical Interpretation of Double Bonding;69
5.1.3;2.1.3 Excursion: H'ckel's Physicochemical Experiments on the Stability of Cis and Trans Isomers;72
5.1.4;2.1.4 The Quantum-Mechanical Interpretation of Double Bonding;76
5.1.5;2.1.5 The Response to H'ckel's Quantum Theory of Double Bonding;84
5.1.5.1;2.1.5.1 Hermann Mark's Interest in H'ckel's Quantum Theory of Double Bonding;85
5.1.5.2;2.1.5.2 Friedrich Ebel's Dissemination of H'ckel's Quantum Theory of Double Bonding;87
5.1.6;2.1.6 Lecturer of --Chemical Physics-- in Stuttgart: 1930--1937;89
5.2;2.2 Quantum Theory of Aromaticity: Symmetry and Electronic Shell Completion;92
5.2.1;2.2.1 Prehistory and H'ckel's Point of Departure;93
5.2.2;2.2.2 Quantum-Mechanical Interpretation of the Electronic Configuration of Benzene and Related Aromatic Compounds;96
5.2.2.1;2.2.2.1 H'ckel's Two Approximative Statements;96
5.2.2.2;2.2.2.2 Conclusions;103
5.2.3;2.2.3 H'ckel's Model of Benzene and Friedrich Hund's Localization Conditions;109
5.2.4;2.2.4 The Quantum-Theoretical Basis of the Chemical Behavior of Substituted Benzene Derivatives;113
5.2.5;2.2.5 First Reactions to H'ckel's Papers on Aromatic Compounds;119
6;3 The Controversy Between Erich Hckel and Linus Pauling over the Benzene Problem;129
6.1;3.1 Introduction: Calculating Perturbations with Spin Invariants and the Valence-Line Diagram in Chemistry;130
6.2;3.2 The First Critical Exchanges;141
6.3;3.3 Special Portion of Energy Versus Resonance Energy;146
7;4 Linus Paulings Breakthrough to the Theory of Aromatic Compounds and Hckels Reaction;154
7.1;4.1 Introduction;154
7.2;4.2 Avowal of the Molecular Orbital Method;155
7.3;4.3 A New Concept for Describing Aromaticity;158
8;5 Hckels Efforts to Disseminate His Theory and Its Reception;163
9;6 Hckels Professional Career in National Socialist Germany;172
9.1;6.1 Membership in the National Socialist Welfare and German Workers Party;173
9.2;6.2 Extraordinary Professorship in Theoretical Physics at Marburg;174
10;7 The Postwar Years;181
11;8 Summary and Concluding Remarks;184
12;Appendix;187
12.1;Abbreviations Used for Frequently Cited Journals;187
12.2;Archives;187
13;Bibliography;189
14;Index;203