Karachalios Erich Hückel (1896-1980)

From Physics to Quantum Chemistry
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-90-481-3560-8
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 200 Seiten

Autoren/Hrsg.

Karachalios, Andreas

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Acknowledgments;6
2;Contents;7
3;Introduction;9
4;1 Erich Hckels Education and Scientific Awakening: The Path to Quantum Chemistry;16
4.1;1.1 The Hckel Family;16
4.2;1.2 The First Years in Gttingen: Childhood, Elementary and Preparatory Schooling;19
4.3;1.3 Beginnings at the University of Gttingen and the War Years;21
4.4;1.4 Continued Studies at Gttingen;23
4.5;1.5 Hckels Doctorate in Experimental Physics;24
4.6;1.6 Excursion: First Collaboration with His Brother Walter;29
4.7;1.7 Intermediate Stops;30
4.7.1;1.7.1 David Hilbert's Auxiliary Assistant;30
4.7.2;1.7.2 Assistant to Max Born;33
4.8;1.8 Assistantship Under Peter Debye in Zurich and Habilitation Thesis on the Theory of Strong Electrolytes;38
4.9;1.9 From the Theory of Strong Electrolytes to the Quantum Theory of Double Bonding;44
4.9.1;1.9.1 New Ambitions and Separation from Peter Debye;44
4.9.2;1.9.2 Fellowship from the International Education Board in London with Frederick Donnan: New Research Orientation;48
4.9.3;1.9.3 Visit at Niels Bohr's Institute in Copenhagen: The Beginnings of the Quantum Theory of Double Bonding;55
4.9.4;1.9.4 Fellowship from the Notgemeinschaft at the Leipzig Institute of Theoretical Physics;60
5;2 Erich Hckels Research Agenda During the 1930s: Underpinning Organic Chemistry with Quantum Theory;64
5.1;2.1 The Quantum Theory of Double Bonding;64
5.1.1;2.1.1 Prehistory;64
5.1.2;2.1.2 The Beginnings of H'ckel's Quantum-Theoretical Interpretation of Double Bonding;69
5.1.3;2.1.3 Excursion: H'ckel's Physicochemical Experiments on the Stability of Cis and Trans Isomers;72
5.1.4;2.1.4 The Quantum-Mechanical Interpretation of Double Bonding;76
5.1.5;2.1.5 The Response to H'ckel's Quantum Theory of Double Bonding;84
5.1.5.1;2.1.5.1 Hermann Mark's Interest in H'ckel's Quantum Theory of Double Bonding;85
5.1.5.2;2.1.5.2 Friedrich Ebel's Dissemination of H'ckel's Quantum Theory of Double Bonding;87
5.1.6;2.1.6 Lecturer of --Chemical Physics-- in Stuttgart: 1930--1937;89
5.2;2.2 Quantum Theory of Aromaticity: Symmetry and Electronic Shell Completion;92
5.2.1;2.2.1 Prehistory and H'ckel's Point of Departure;93
5.2.2;2.2.2 Quantum-Mechanical Interpretation of the Electronic Configuration of Benzene and Related Aromatic Compounds;96
5.2.2.1;2.2.2.1 H'ckel's Two Approximative Statements;96
5.2.2.2;2.2.2.2 Conclusions;103
5.2.3;2.2.3 H'ckel's Model of Benzene and Friedrich Hund's Localization Conditions;109
5.2.4;2.2.4 The Quantum-Theoretical Basis of the Chemical Behavior of Substituted Benzene Derivatives;113
5.2.5;2.2.5 First Reactions to H'ckel's Papers on Aromatic Compounds;119
6;3 The Controversy Between Erich Hckel and Linus Pauling over the Benzene Problem;129
6.1;3.1 Introduction: Calculating Perturbations with Spin Invariants and the Valence-Line Diagram in Chemistry;130
6.2;3.2 The First Critical Exchanges;141
6.3;3.3 Special Portion of Energy Versus Resonance Energy;146
7;4 Linus Paulings Breakthrough to the Theory of Aromatic Compounds and Hckels Reaction;154
7.1;4.1 Introduction;154
7.2;4.2 Avowal of the Molecular Orbital Method;155
7.3;4.3 A New Concept for Describing Aromaticity;158
8;5 Hckels Efforts to Disseminate His Theory and Its Reception;163
9;6 Hckels Professional Career in National Socialist Germany;172
9.1;6.1 Membership in the National Socialist Welfare and German Workers Party;173
9.2;6.2 Extraordinary Professorship in Theoretical Physics at Marburg;174
10;7 The Postwar Years;181
11;8 Summary and Concluding Remarks;184
12;Appendix;187
12.1;Abbreviations Used for Frequently Cited Journals;187
12.2;Archives;187
13;Bibliography;189
14;Index;203