Karlsson / Andersson / Cheshire New Directions in Regional Economic Development

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-3-642-01017-0
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 415 Seiten

Reihe: Advances in Spatial Science

This book examines emerging hypotheses, new methods and theoretic developments in regional economic development. It offers a diverse set of case studies, ranging from a focus on Europe, Central and East Asia and North America.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Karlsson, Charlie

Andersson, Ake E.

Cheshire, Paul C.

Stough, Roger R.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contributors;5
3;Chapter 1: Innovation, Dynamic Regions and Regional Dynamics;12
3.1;Introduction;12
3.2;Innovations and Innovation Networks;13
3.2.1;Innovation Networks;15
3.2.2;Knowledge ``Sources´´ and Knowledge ``Sinks´´;16
3.2.3;Cost and Innovation of Product Characteristics;19
3.2.4;Innovation at the Industry Level;20
3.3;Regional Specialization;21
3.3.1;The Infrastructure as a Set of Durable Location Attributes;22
3.3.2;Regional Economic Milieus and the Economic Specialization of Regions;23
3.3.3;Spatial Transaction Costs and Endogenous Specialization;25
3.3.4;Combining Resource-Based and Scale-Based Models of Regional Specialization;27
3.3.5;Economic Specialization in Small and Large Regions;29
3.4;Regional Dynamics;32
3.4.1;Location Dynamics in a System of Functional Urban Regions;33
3.4.2;Lead-Lag Models;36
3.5;Content;37
3.5.1;Theoretical Contributions;37
3.5.2;Empirical Contributions;38
3.6;References;40
4;Chapter 2: The Pure Theory of Spatial Markets;45
4.1;Introduction;45
4.2;The Transportation Problem of Linear Programming;46
4.3;Braess´s Paradox;48
4.4;Relaxation;48
4.4.1;Flexible Demand;49
4.5;Uniform Pricing;52
4.6;Heterogeneous Products;54
4.7;Innovation;55
4.7.1;Demand;55
4.7.2;Supply;55
4.7.3;Distribution;56
4.8;References;56
5;Chapter 3: Smith-Ricardo Specialization in the Presence of Tiring Effects;57
5.1;Introduction;57
5.2;The Individual;58
5.3;Two Individuals;61
5.3.1;Work Sharing Vs. Specialization;61
5.3.2;Maximizing Labor Income;61
5.4;Two Identical Individuals;62
5.5;Two Asymmetric Individuals;63
5.6;References;67
6;Chapter 4: Dynamics of Innovation Fields with Endogenous Heterogeneity of People;68
6.1;Introduction: Towards the New Economic Geography in the Brain Power Society;68
6.1.1;Welcome to the Brain Power Society;68
6.1.2;The New Economic Geography and Its Future: Incorporating Dual Linkages in Economic and Knowledge Fields;69
6.1.3;Dynamics of Innovation Fields Through the Endogenous Heterogeneity of Brains;71
6.2;The Model;73
6.3;Equilibrium Dynamics;77
6.3.1;The General Framework;77
6.4;Conclusion;86
6.5;References;87
7;Chapter 5: Economics of Creativity;88
7.1;Division of Labor by Comparative Advantage or Creativity;88
7.2;Mechanisms of Creativity;89
7.2.1;Creative Capacity: Acquired or Inherited?;91
7.3;Creative Personalities;92
7.4;Different Capacities of the Creative Mind;93
7.5;The Pecuniary Rewards of Creativity;93
7.6;Variable Probabilities and the Importance of Stars;94
7.6.1;Lining up Behind Giants;97
7.7;Syndication;100
7.7.1;Integration by Syndication;102
7.7.2;Global Creative Networks or Big Is Interactive;102
7.8;Conclusions;103
7.9;References;103
8;Chapter 6: Simple Memes and Complex Cultural Dynamics;105
8.1;Introduction;105
8.2;Cui Bono?;107
8.3;Genes, Memes and Replicators;108
8.4;Vignette Number One;109
8.5;Vignette Number Two;110
8.6;Vignette Number Three;111
8.7;Vignette Number Four;111
8.8;Concluding Remarks;112
8.9;References;113
9;Chapter 7: The Fashioning of Dynamic Competitive Advantage of Entrepreneurial Cities: Role of Social and Political Entrepreneur;114
9.1;Introduction and Overview;114
9.2;Social Entrepreneurs in Urban Development and Regeneration;117
9.2.1;Public Entrepreneurs´ Roles in Urban Development/Regeneration;121
9.3;Complementarities Between Urban Social and Political Entrepreneurs;123
9.4;Concluding Comments;126
9.5;References;127
10;Chapter 8: The Social Capital of Regional Dynamics: A Policy Perspective;128
10.1;Introduction;128
10.2;Innovations and Social Capital;130
10.2.1;New and Old Concepts;130
10.2.2;From the Lonely Genius to Innovation Nodes;132
10.2.3;Why Care About Social Links?;135
10.3;Social Capital on Three Levels;136
10.3.1;Organizations and Their Social Capital;137
10.3.2;Social Capital of the Individual;140
10.3.3;Society´s Social Capital;141
10.4;Public Policies for Economic and Social Innovations;143
10.4.1;Policies on Different Spatial Levels;143
10.4.2;Three Swedish Examples;145
10.5;Concluding Remarks;146
10.6;References;146
11;Chapter 9: Hidden Order in Traffic Flows Using Approximate Entropy: An Illustration;149
11.1;Introduction;149
11.2;Level of Service;149
11.3;Kolmogorov´s Entropy and Traffic Flow;151
11.4;Randomness and Order in Traffic Patterns;154
11.5;Approximate Entropy;159
11.6;Illustration;160
11.7;Conclusion and Future Research;162
11.8;Appendix;163
11.9;References;164
12;Chapter 10: Regional Input-Output with Endogenous Internal and External Network Flows;166
12.1;Introduction;166
12.2;Multi-regional I-O Model with Endogenous Internal and External Component Flows;169
12.3;Basic Definitions and I-O Relations;169
12.4;Fundamental Relationships to Be Satisfied;170
12.5;Addition of Discretionary Information via Constraints;172
12.6;Formulation of the Objective Functions;173
12.6.1;Entropy Related to the Productive Capacity;173
12.6.2;Entropy for External Imports;175
12.6.3;Coordination of the Two Models;176
12.7;Use of Models for Projection;176
12.8;An Adjustment from Information Theory;177
12.8.1;What if We Do Not Have Sector Output Capacity Data?;177
12.9;Conclusions;179
12.10;References;180
13;Chapter 11: Regional Unemployment and Welfare Effects of the EU Transport Policies: Recent Results from an Applied General Equi;182
13.1;Introduction;182
13.2;The Basic Model;183
13.3;Introducing Wage Rigidity and Factor Mobility;185
13.4;Welfare Measurement;187
13.5;Data Sources and Model Calibration;188
13.6;Experiment Description and Main Results;189
13.7;Conclusions;191
13.8;Annex A: Formal Description of the General Equilibrium Model;192
13.8.1;Households;192
13.8.2;Firms;192
13.8.3;Factor Markets;193
13.8.4;Trade Costs and the Market for Tradables;194
13.9;Annex B: Results of Literature Survey;195
13.10;Annex C: Modelling Results;196
13.11;References;200
14;Chapter 12: Infrastructure Productivity with a Long Persistent Effect;202
14.1;Introduction;202
14.1.1;Production Function Approach;202
14.1.2;Long Persistent Productivity of Infrastructure;203
14.1.3;Time-Series Model with a Long Persistent Effect;204
14.2;Long Persistent Model;205
14.2.1;ARFIMA Model with Exogenous Variables;205
14.2.2;Specification of Production Function with a Long Persistent Effect;208
14.2.3;Diagnostic Tests;211
14.3;Empirical Measurement of Infrastructure Productivity;213
14.3.1;Data;213
14.3.2;Results of Estimation;213
14.3.3;Statistical Tests for Long Persistent Specification;216
14.3.4;Average Growth of Technological Innovation;218
14.3.5;Infrastructure Productivity;218
14.4;Conclusions;222
14.5;References;223
15;Chapter 13: Science Parks and Local Knowledge Creation: A Conceptual Approach and an Empirical Analysis in Two Italian Realitie;225
15.1;Introduction;225
15.2;Science Parks and Local Knowledge;226
15.2.1;Science Parks: A Definition;226
15.2.2;Science Parks and Learning Processes;228
15.2.3;Effectiveness of Science Parks: An Overview of Propositions;233
15.3;Database and Methodology;235
15.3.1;The Sample;235
15.3.2;Description of Variables;237
15.4;The Bridging and Networking Functions of Science Parks: Some Descriptive Results;239
15.5;Science Parks and Knowledge Transfers: Interpretative Results;239
15.5.1;The Determinants of Firms´ Innovativeness: The Role of Science Parks;239
15.5.2;Firm Size, Relational Capital and Absorptive Capacity in Science Park´s Processes of Knowledge Socialization;243
15.6;Conclusions;245
15.7;References;247
16;Chapter 14: The Low Participation of Urban Migrant Entrepreneurs: Reasons and Perceptions of Weak Institutional Embeddedness;250
16.1;Introduction;250
16.2;Ethnic Entrepreneurship;251
16.2.1;Prefatory Remarks;251
16.2.2;Clients;252
16.2.3;Capital and Labor;253
16.2.4;Motivation;253
16.3;Franchising and Other Collaborative Forms;254
16.4;Research Questions;256
16.5;Turkish Entrepreneurs in Amsterdam;257
16.6;Characteristics of the Interviewees;259
16.7;Research Responses and Interpretation;260
16.8;Perceived Grounds for Rejection by Franchise Organizations;262
16.9;Conclusions and Recommendations;264
16.10;References;266
17;Chapter 15: The Location of Industry R&D and the Location of University R&D: How Are They Related?;269
17.1;Introduction;269
17.2;Knowledge and Knowledge Flows;271
17.3;The Spatial Distribution of R&D: Interdependencies Between University and Industrial R&D;274
17.3.1;The Location of University R&D;274
17.3.2;The Location of Industrial R&D;275
17.4;Network Formation, Knowledge Flows and Physical Accessibility;278
17.5;Interdependencies Between University and Industrial R&D: An Assessment Using Swedish Data;281
17.5.1;Data Sources and Variables;281
17.5.2;University and Industrial R&D: Description and Empirical Analysis of Interrelationships on Swedish Data;282
17.6;Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Research;287
17.7;References;288
18;Chapter 16: Growing Urban GDP or Attracting People? Different Causes, Different Consequences;293
18.1;IntroductionThe authors have benefited from many discussions with colleagues as this work has developed but remain responsible;293
18.2;Data and Variables;295
18.3;The Families of Models;299
18.3.1;Results of Modeling Urban Growth Rates: Population Growth;299
18.3.2;Results of Modeling Urban Growth Rates: GDP Percent Growth ;304
18.4;The Contrasts and Similarities: Conclusions;314
18.5;References;316
19;Chapter 17: Urban-Rural Development in Sweden;318
19.1;Introduction;318
19.2;The Swedish City Structure;320
19.3;Empirical Analysis;326
19.4;Conclusions;330
19.5;References;330
20;Chapter 18: Patents, Patent Citations and the Geography of Knowledge Spillovers in Europe;332
20.1;Introduction;332
20.2;Patents and Patent Data;333
20.3;Knowledge Spillovers, Patent Citations and Data;336
20.4;Testing for Geographic Localization;338
20.5;Summary and Conclusions;343
20.6;Annex;344
20.7;References;345
21;Chapter 19: Co-authorship Networks in Development of Solar Cell Technology: International and Regional Knowledge Interaction;347
21.1;Introduction;347
21.1.1;Knowledge Spillovers;348
21.1.2;Science-Based Knowledge Networks;349
21.1.3;Scope of This Study;350
21.2;Nanoscience and Technology in Solar Cell Development;352
21.3;Data and Research Methods;355
21.4;Results;359
21.4.1;Network Structure;359
21.4.2;Co-authorship and Research Collaboration;364
21.5;Conclusions and Discussion;368
21.6;Appendix;369
21.7;References;369
22;Chapter 20: Off-shoring of Work and London´s Sustainability as an International Financial Centre;373
22.1;Introduction;373
22.2;Financial Service Activity and Employment in the City;376
22.3;Decision-Making in the City About Restructuring and Off-shoring;378
22.4;Conclusions;381
22.5;References;384
23;Chapter 21: The Genesis and Evolution of the Stockholm Music Cluster;385
23.1;Introduction;385
23.2;Theoretical Framework and Method;387
23.3;The Swedish Music Industry: Structure and International Position;388
23.4;Cluster Emergence: The Precursors;393
23.4.1;A Broad Basis of Knowledge Base: Schooling, Language and Technological Know-how;394
23.4.2;Culture, ``Path Dependence´´ and the Market;396
23.5;Stockholm: Concentration and Dynamics;397
23.5.1;Proximity and Linkages;397
23.5.2;Cluster Dynamics and Diffusion of Knowledge;398
23.5.3;Degree of Competition;400
23.6;Future Prospects for Regional Music Clusters;401
23.7;Conclusions;403
23.8;Appendix;405
23.9;References;406
24;Index;409