Kerner Introduction to Modern Traffic Flow Theory and Control

The Long Road to Three-Phase Traffic Theory
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-3-642-02605-8
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 265 Seiten

The understanding of empirical traf?c congestion occurring on unsignalized mul- lane highways and freeways is a key for effective traf?c management, control, or- nization, and other applications of transportation engineering. However, the traf?c ?ow theories and models that dominate up to now in transportation research journals and teaching programs of most universities cannot explain either traf?c breakdown or most features of the resulting congested patterns. These theories are also the - sis of most dynamic traf?c assignment models and freeway traf?c control methods, which therefore are not consistent with features of real traf?c. For this reason, the author introduced an alternative traf?c ?ow theory called three-phase traf?c theory, which can predict and explain the empirical spatiot- poral features of traf?c breakdown and the resulting traf?c congestion. A previous book 'The Physics of Traf?c' (Springer, Berlin, 2004) presented a discussion of the empirical spatiotemporal features of congested traf?c patterns and of three-phase traf?c theory as well as their engineering applications. Rather than a comprehensive analysis of empirical and theoretical results in the ?eld, the present book includes no more empirical and theoretical results than are necessary for the understanding of vehicular traf?c on unsignalized multi-lane roads. The main objectives of the book are to present an 'elementary' traf?c ?ow theory and control methods as well as to show links between three-phase traf?c t- ory and earlier traf?c ?ow theories. The need for such a book follows from many commentsofcolleaguesmadeafterpublicationofthebook'ThePhysicsofTraf?c'.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kerner, Boris S.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;7
3;Acronyms and Symbols;10
4;Introduction;13
4.1;References;17
5;Part I Three-Phase Traffic Theory;19
5.1;Definitions of The Three Traffic Phases ;20
5.1.1;Traffic Variables, Parameters, and Patterns ;20
5.1.2;Free Flow (F) and Congested Traffic;24
5.1.3;Methodology of Three-Phase Traffic Theory ;29
5.1.4;Two Traffic Phases in Congested Traffic: Wide Moving Jam (J) and Synchronized Flow (S);31
5.1.5;Characteristic Parameters of Wide Moving Jam Propagation ;37
5.1.6;Microscopic Criterion for Traffic Phases in Congested Traffic ;41
5.1.7;Motivation for Traffic Phase Definitions ;49
5.1.8;References;50
5.2;Nature of Traffic Breakdown at Bottleneck;52
5.2.1;Induced Traffic Breakdown ;52
5.2.2;Explanation of Nature of Traffic Breakdown at Bottleneck through Fundamental Hypothesis of Three-Phase Traffic Theory ;56
5.2.3;Nucleation Features of Traffic Breakdown at Bottleneck ;68
5.2.4;Dual Role of Lane Changing in Free Flow: Maintenance of Free Flow or Traffic Breakdown ;80
5.2.5;References;83
5.3;Infinite Number of Highway Capacities of Free Flow at Bottleneck;84
5.3.1;Definition of Highway Capacity of Free Flow at Bottleneck ;85
5.3.2;Characteristics of Highway Capacities ;86
5.3.3;References;90
5.4;Nature of Moving Jam Emergence;91
5.4.1;Pinch Effect in Synchronized Flow ;91
5.4.2;Nucleation Features of Wide Moving Jam Emergence in Synchronized Flow ;93
5.4.3;Dual Role of Lane Changing in Synchronized Flow: Maintenance of Synchronized Flow or Wide Moving Jam Emergence ;100
5.4.4;Comparison of FS and SJ Transitions;103
5.4.5;Empirical Double Z-Characteristic for Phase Transitions in Traffic Flow;105
5.4.6;References;108
5.5;Origin of Hypotheses and Terms of Three-Phase Traffic Theory;109
5.5.1;Hypotheses of Three-Phase Traffic Theory as The Result of Empirical Criteria for Traffic Phases ;109
5.5.2;Are Terms of Natural Science used in Three-Phase Traffic Theory Needed for Transportation Engineering? ;110
5.5.3;References;115
5.6;Spatiotemporal Traffic Congested Patterns;117
5.6.1;Simplified Diagram of Congested Patterns at Isolated Bottleneck;117
5.6.2;Variety of Congested Patterns at Isolated Bottleneck ;119
5.6.3;Complex Congested Patterns at Adjacent Bottlenecks ;136
5.6.4;References;145
6;Part II Impact of Three-Phase Traffic Theory on Transportation Engineering;146
6.1;Introduction to Part II: Compendium of Three-Phase Traffic Theory ;147
6.1.1;References;150
6.2;Freeway Traffic Control based on Three-Phase Traffic Theory;151
6.2.1;Reconstruction and Tracking of Congested Patterns ;151
6.2.2;Feedback On-Ramp Metering ;158
6.2.3;Speed Limit Control ;163
6.2.4;Cooperative Driving for Improving of Traffic Flow and Safety ;167
6.2.5;Traffic Control based on Wireless Car Communication ;170
6.2.6;Adaptive Cruise Control ;176
6.2.7;References;178
6.3;Earlier Theoretical Basis of Transportation Engineering: Fundamental Diagram Approach ;181
6.3.1;Traffic Description and Control based on Fundamental Diagram of Traffic Flow;181
6.3.2;Congested Traffic Description in the Framework of Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) Traffic Flow Theory ;185
6.3.3;Traffic Breakdown Description through Free Flow Instability in General Motors (GM) Model Class;190
6.3.4;Common Features of earlier Traffic Flow Models ;208
6.3.5;Empirical Tests of earlier Traffic Flow Models ;211
6.3.6;Applications of Highway Capacity Definitions in Transportation Engineering ;213
6.3.7;Comparison of Feedback On-Ramp Metering Methods ;222
6.3.8;References;224
6.4;Three-Phase Traffic Flow Models ;228
6.4.1;Overview of Three-Phase Traffic Flow Models;228
6.4.2;Deterministic Acceleration Time Delay Three-Phase Traffic Flow Model;229
6.4.3;Stochastic Three-Phase Traffic Flow Model ;236
6.4.4;Cellular Automata Three-Phase Traffic Flow Model ;244
6.4.5;Methodology of Empirical Test ;245
6.4.6;What Three-Phase Traffic Flow Model is better to Use?;246
6.4.7;References;249
6.5;Linking of Three-Phase Traffic Theory and Fundamental Diagram Approach to Traffic Flow Modeling;251
6.5.1;Three-Phase Traffic Models in the Framework of Fundamental Diagram Approach;251
6.5.2;What Features of Three-Phase Traffic Theory are Missing in Earlier Traffic Flow Theories and Models?;255
6.5.3;References;258
6.6;Conclusions and Outlook;259
7;Glossary;261
8;Index;269