Kouwenaar / Jorgenson A Basic Needs Policy Model

A General Equilibrium Analysis with Special Reference to Ecuador
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9012-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 427 Seiten, Web PDF

Using recent research on Ecuador, this book discusses a social accounting matrix (SAM)-based model for simulating the effects of basic needs policies on various socio-economic groups. Specific parameter choice and specification of relationships allow the general equilibrium model to capture rigidities and occurrences of non-perfect commodity and factor markets. Basic needs satisfaction is described as an ``output'' resulting from income formation and expenditure, and dynamically linked to the structural processes of household and socio-economic group formation, formation of the labour force and wealth, and labour productivity. Simulations concentrate on the effects of various expenditure, indirect tax and redistributive policies on incomes and basic needs satisfaction.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kouwenaar, A.

Jorgenson, D. W.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;A Basic Needs Policy Model: A General Equilibrium Analysis with Special Reference to Ecuador;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;12
5;Preface;8
6;Acknowledgements;10
7;List of abbreviations and figures;15
8;List of tables;15
9;PART I: BACKGROUNDS AND SKELETON OF THE MODEL;18
9.1;CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION: POLICY MODELLING FOR BASIC NEEDS IN ECUADOR;20
9.1.1;1.1 The basic needs approach;20
9.1.2;1.2 Ecuador: key features of the economy under study;26
9.1.3;Notes;37
9.2;CHAPTER 2. RELEVANCE OF GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELLING FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES;40
9.2.1;2.1 The role of prices and equilibrium in developing countries;40
9.2.2;2.2 Applied general equilibrium modelling with special reference to developing countries;46
9.2.3;2.3 Solution strategies;55
9.2.4;Notes;60
9.3;CHAPTER 3. OUTLINE OF A BASIC NEEDS POLICY SIMULATION MODEL;64
9.3.1;3.1 Objectives and global characteristics;64
9.3.2;3.2 The structure of the model: an overview;68
9.3.3;3.3 Solution and use of the model;71
9.3.4;Notes;80
10;PART II: THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE MODEL;82
10.1;CHAPTER 4. A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM BASIC NEEDS POLICY MODEL, MAIN PART;84
10.1.1;4.1 Production;84
10.1.2;4.2 Employment and value–added;91
10.1.3;4.3 Income distribution;97
10.1.4;4.4 Consumption and intermediate demand;108
10.1.5;4.5 Savings, flow of funds and investment;119
10.1.6;4.6 Exports and excess demand;129
10.1.7;Notes;136
10.2;CHAPTER 5. A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM BASIC NEEDS POLICY MODEL;142
10.2.1;Updating structural characteristics and basic needs satisfaction;142
10.2.2;5.1 Population growth and household formation;142
10.2.3;5.2 Income earners and economically active;152
10.2.4;5.3 The distribution of wealth;161
10.2.5;5.4 Basic needs;168
10.2.6;Notes;194
10.3;CHAPTER 6. THE CALIBRATION OF THE MODEL TO THE BASE YEAR;206
10.3.1;6.1 A social accounting matrix for Ecuador;206
10.3.2;6.2 Data for the model, an overview;213
10.3.3;6.3 Calibration of the model to the base year;216
10.3.4;6.4 Reproduction of the base year economy;238
10.3.5;6.5 The model at work: an illustrative simulation;252
10.3.6;Notes;266
11;PART III: A SELECTION OF POLICY SIMULATIONS;269
11.1;Introduction to Part III;270
11.2;CHAPTER 7. ANALYSIS OF STATIC POLICY SIMULATIONS;271
11.2.1;7.1 Introduction;271
11.2.2;7.2. A government programme for housing;273
11.2.3;7.3 Tax policies;282
11.2.4;7.4 Wage and income policies;303
11.2.5;7.5 Land reform;310
11.2.6;Notes;315
11.3;CHAPTER 8. ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC POLICY SIMULATIONS;319
11.3.1;8.1 Introduction;319
11.3.2;8.2 Exogenous variables and base time path, 1975–1980;320
11.3.3;8.3 Alternative external sector conditions;340
11.3.4;8.4 Tax and employment policies;344
11.3.5;8.5 Redistribution of resources;352
11.3.6;Notes;357
11.4;CHAPTER 9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;359
12;APPENDICES;371
12.1;A4.3.1 Specification of taxes and transfers;371
12.2;A4.3.2 Variance per capita disposable household income;373
12.3;A4.3.3 Expected values: household income, net tax and consumption;373
12.4;A4.4.1 Consumption functions;375
12.5;A4.4.2 Expected household consumption of categories;377
12.6;A4.4.3 Methodology estimation import demand functions;378
12.7;A4.6.1 Estimation of export functions;381
12.8;A5.1.1 Fertility;386
12.9;A5.1.2 Household size;387
12.10;A5.1.3 The proportion of children in the population;389
12.11;A5.1.4 Household size and income;391
12.12;A5.2.1 Derivation of the economically active population;393
12.13;A5.2.2 Derivation of the number of income earners;393
12.14;A5.2.3 Results conditional logit model of occupational choice;394
12.15;A6.1.1 Classifications used in the model;396
13;REFERENCES;399
14;AUTHOR INDEX;417
15;SUBJECT INDEX;421