Kües / Fischer Growth, Differentiation and Sexuality

2. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-3-540-28135-1
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 449 Seiten

Since publication of the first edition of Volume I in 1994, the field of fungal biology has developed tremendously, mainly through the advancement of various molecular techniques and international fungal genome projects. To accommodate these developments, the second edition has been completely updated. Six chapters have been revised by former authors, others by newly recruited experts, and also novel subjects, emerged in more recent years, have been added to the book. Leading scientists in the field have compiled comprehensive overviews as well as latest results obtained from cytological, genetic and molecular studies. Topics include: cellular and colony growth of fungi, cellular fusion and incompatibility, senescence and programmed cell death, environmental and physiological signalling in differentiation processes, asexual and sexual reproduction, mitosis and meiosis of various types of fungi. Both parallels and differences become visible between individual fungi as well as between fungal classes.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kües, Ursula

Fischer, Reinhard

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Series Preface;7
2;Addendum to the Series Preface;10
3;Volume Preface to the First Edition;11
4;Volume Preface to the Second Edition;13
5;Contents;15
6;List of Contributors;17
7;Vegetative Processes and Growth;20
7.1;1 Morphogenesis: Control of Cell Types and Shape;21
7.1.1;I. Introduction Cell Types and Cell Shapes: a Diverse Array of Form;21
7.1.2;II. Polarity;21
7.1.3;III. Septation;35
7.1.4;IV. Conclusions;35
7.1.5;References;35
7.2;2 Organelle Inheritance in Yeasts and Other Fungi;39
7.2.1;I. Introduction;39
7.2.2;II. Cytoskeletal Organization and Function in Organelle Movement and Inheritance;40
7.2.3;III. Nuclear Migration in Fungi;42
7.2.4;IV. Organelle-Speci.c Inheritance in Fungi;43
7.2.5;V. Conclusions;50
7.2.6;References;50
7.3;3 Mitosis in Filamentous Fungi;55
7.3.1;I. Introduction;55
7.3.2;II. Fungal Mitosis;55
7.3.3;III. Regulation of Mitotic Entry;57
7.3.4;IV. Regulation of Mitotic Exit;59
7.3.5;V. Mitotic and Post-Mitotic Functions of Motor Proteins;61
7.3.6;VI. Coordination of Mitotic Events in a Multinucleate Hyphal Cell;62
7.3.7;VII. Coordination of Mitosis with Branch Formation;63
7.3.8;VIII. Regulation of Mitosis in Response to DNA Damage and Replication Stress;63
7.3.9;IX. Regulation of Mitosis in Response to Spindle Damage;65
7.3.10;X. Future Challenges;65
7.3.11;References;66
7.4;4 ApicalWallBiogenesis;70
7.4.1;I. Introduction;70
7.4.2;II. General Overview of Apical Growth;70
7.4.3;III. Chemical Composition of Fungal Walls;72
7.4.4;IV. Biosynthesis of Fungal Walls;73
7.4.5;V. Wall Modi.cations During Wall Expansion;77
7.4.6;VI. Apical Gradient in Wall Synthesis;79
7.4.7;VII. Passage of Proteins Through the Hyphal Wall;81
7.4.8;VIII. Conclusion;83
7.4.9;References;84
7.5;5 The Fungal Cell Wall;90
7.5.1;I. Introduction;90
7.5.2;II. Cell Wall: Composition and Organisation;91
7.5.3;III. Polysaccharide Biosynthesis;97
7.5.4;IV. Polysaccharide Remodelling;104
7.5.5;V. Cell Wall Biosynthesis, Environmental Stress and Signal Transduction Pathways;106
7.5.6;VI. Perspectives;111
7.5.7;References;112
7.6;6 Septation and Cytokinesis in Fungi;122
7.6.1;I. Introduction;122
7.6.2;II. Selecting Sites of Septation;123
7.6.3;III. Protein Complexes at Septal Sites;127
7.6.4;IV. Dynamic Contraction of the Acto- Myosin Ring and Chitin Synthesis Lead to Septum Formation;130
7.6.5;V. Coordination of the End of Mitosis with Cytokinesis;133
7.6.6;VI. Conclusions;133
7.6.7;References;134
7.7;7 Re-Wiring the Network: Understanding the Mechanism and Function of Anastomosis in Filamentous Ascomycete Fungi;139
7.7.1;I. Introduction;139
7.7.2;II. Germling Fusion;141
7.7.3;III. Hyphal Fusion;141
7.7.4;IV. Mechanistic Aspects of Anastomosis;142
7.7.5;V. Anastomosis Mutants in Filamentous Fungi of Unknown Function;149
7.7.6;VI. Physiological and Morphogenetic Consequences of Anastomosis;150
7.7.7;VII. Conclusion;151
7.7.8;References;151
7.8;8 Heterogenic Incompatibility in Fungi;156
7.8.1;I. Introduction;156
7.8.2;II. Barrage Formation;157
7.8.3;III. Heterogenic Incompatibility in;159
7.8.4;the Ascomycete;159
7.8.5;IV. Further Examples of Heterogenic Incompatibility;162
7.8.6;V. Correlations with Heterogenic Incompatibility in Plants and Animals, with DNA Restriction in Bacteria and with Histo- Incompatibility;172
7.8.7;VI. Conclusions;173
7.8.8;References;174
7.9;9 Programmed Cell Death in Fungi;181
7.9.1;I. Introduction;181
7.9.2;II. Do Fungi Have Apoptosis, the Type I Programmed Cell Death?;182
7.9.3;III. Heterokaryon Incompatibility;186
7.9.4;IV. Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Apoptosis;186
7.9.5;V. Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress, and Regulation of Apoptosis;187
7.9.6;VI. Autophagy and the Type II Programmed Cell Death;192
7.9.7;VII. Meiotic Apoptosis;194
7.9.8;VIII. Conclusion;196
7.9.9;References;196
7.10;10 Senescence and Longevity;202
7.10.1;I. Introduction;202
7.10.2;II. Senescence Syndrome in;202
7.10.3;III. Concluding Remarks;209
7.10.4;References;210
8;Signals in Growth and Development;214
8.1;11 Autoregulatory Signals in Mycelial Fungi;215
8.1.1;I. Introduction;215
8.1.2;II. Germination;216
8.1.3;III. Colony Morphogenesis;217
8.1.4;IV. Asexual Development;219
8.1.5;V. Sexual Development;220
8.1.6;VI. Dimorphism;222
8.1.7;VII. Conclusions;222
8.1.8;References;223
8.2;12 Pheromone Action in the Fungal Groups Chytridiomycota, and Zygomycota, and in the Oomycota;226
8.2.1;I. Introduction;226
8.2.2;II. Recognition and Development;226
8.2.3;III. Conclusions;238
8.2.4;References;239
8.3;13 Photomorphogenesis and Gravitropism in Fungi;243
8.3.1;I. Introduction;243
8.3.2;II. Photomorphogenesis;243
8.3.3;III. Gravitropism;255
8.3.4;IV. Conclusions;262
8.3.5;References;262
9;Reproductive Processes;270
9.1;14 Asexual Sporulation in Mycelial Fungi;271
9.1.1;I. Introduction II. Spore Formation;271
9.1.2;III. Endogenous and Environmental Factors Trigger Spore Formation;274
9.1.3;IV. Genetics of Asexual Spore Formation;276
9.1.4;V. Concluding Remarks;292
9.1.5;References;293
9.2;15 Mating-Type Structure, Evolution, and Function in Euascomycetes;301
9.2.1;I. Introduction;301
9.2.2;II. Sexual Development in Mycelial Euascomycetes;302
9.2.3;III. Description of Mating- Type Structure;303
9.2.4;IV. Evolution of Mating Types;319
9.2.5;V. Functions of Mating-Type Genes;323
9.2.6;VI. Conclusion;328
9.2.7;References;328
9.3;16 Fruiting-Body Development in Ascomycetes;332
9.3.1;I. Introduction;332
9.3.2;II. Physiological Factors In.uencing Fruiting- Body Development;340
9.3.3;III. Signal Transduction Cascades;346
9.3.4;IV. Structural Components Involved in Fruiting- Body Development;352
9.3.5;V. Conclusions;355
9.3.6;References;355
9.4;17 The Mating Type Genes of the Basidiomycetes;363
9.4.1;I. Introduction;363
9.4.2;II. Molecular Analysis of Mating Type Genes;368
9.4.3;III. Downstream Regulation of Development;375
9.4.4;IV. Concluding Remarks;376
9.4.5;References;377
9.5;18 Regulatory and Structural Networks Orchestrating Mating,;381
10;Dimorphism, Cell Shape, and Pathogenesis in;381
10.1;19 The Emergence of Fruiting Bodies in Basidiomycetes;398
10.1.1;I. Introduction;398
10.1.2;II. Development of Emergent Structures;399
10.1.3;III. Regulation of Fruiting-Body Formation;401
10.1.4;IV. Proteins Involved in Fruiting;407
10.1.5;V. Conclusions;412
10.1.6;References;413
10.2;20 Meiosis in Mycelial Fungi;420
10.2.1;I. Introduction;420
10.2.2;II. Entering Meiosis: Mycelial Fungi Devote Signi . cant Resources to Make Sure that the Two Nuclei that Will Fuse Before Entering Meiosis Have Identical Genomes;421
10.2.3;III. Meiotic Recombination;424
10.2.4;IV. Homologue Recognition and Pairing;427
10.2.5;V. The Synaptonemal Complex and Synapsis;430
10.2.6;VI. Meiotic Chromosome Segregation or how to Resolve Sister- Chromatid Cohesion in Two Steps;433
10.2.7;VII. From Meiosis to Sporulation;435
10.2.8;VIII. Concluding Remarks;436
10.2.9;References;437
10.3;I. Introduction;381
10.4;II. Signalling Networks;382
10.5;III. Transcriptional Cascades for Pathogenic Development;387
10.6;IV. Small GTPase Networks for Cytokinesis and Dimorphism;389
10.7;V. Cytoskeletal Networks for Morphology;391
10.8;VI. Concluding Remarks;393
10.9;References;393
11;Biosystematic Index;444
12;Subject Index;448