Ladewig / Asquith Desalination Concentrate Management

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-3-642-24852-8
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 57 Seiten

Reihe: SpringerBriefs in Green Chemistry for Sustainability

This book examines five methods used for concentrate management, namely; disposal to surface water, disposal to sewerage, deep well injection, land applications and evaporation ponds. In particular, the book focuses on the design, siting, cost, and environmental impacts of these methods. While these methods are widely practiced in a variety of settings already, there are many limitations that restrict the use of certain disposal options in particular locations.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ladewig, Bradley

Asquith, Benjamin

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Acknowledgments;5
2;Contents;6
3;1 Introduction;8
3.1;References;10
4;2 Characteristics of Membrane Concentrate;11
4.1;Abstract;11
4.2;2.1…Source Water;11
4.3;2.2…Recovery Rate and Concentrate TDS;13
4.3.1;2.2.1 Case Example;15
4.4;2.3…Chemical Treatment and Additional Discharge Streams;16
4.4.1;2.3.1 Pretreatment;16
4.4.1.1;2.3.1.1 Biofouling Control and Dechlorination;16
4.4.1.2;2.3.1.2 Acid treatment;17
4.4.1.3;2.3.1.3 Coagulation/Flocculation;17
4.4.1.4;2.3.1.4 Antiscalants;18
4.4.1.5;2.3.1.5 Filtration;18
4.4.1.6;2.3.1.6 Membrane Pretreatment;18
4.4.2;2.3.2 Membrane Cleaning;19
4.4.3;2.3.3 Other Discharges;20
4.5;References;20
5;3 Process Feasibility;22
5.1;Abstract;22
5.2;3.1…Process Selection;22
5.3;3.2…General Concentrate Management Costs;23
5.4;3.3…Regulations;24
5.5;3.4…Environmental Impacts;24
5.6;References;24
6;4 Disposal to Surface Water;25
6.1;Abstract;25
6.2;4.1…Site Selection;25
6.3;4.2…Design;26
6.3.1;4.2.1 Concentrate Transport;26
6.3.2;4.2.2 Outfall Structure;27
6.4;4.3…Costs;28
6.5;4.4…Environmental Concerns;29
6.5.1;4.4.1 Increased Salinity;29
6.5.2;4.4.2 Pretreatment Chemicals;30
6.5.3;4.4.3 Cleaning Chemicals;30
6.5.4;4.4.4 Heavy Metals4.5…Concentrate Blending;30
6.5.5;4.4.5 Dissolved Gases;31
6.6;4.5…Concentrate Blending;31
6.6.1;4.5.1 Blending with Sewage and Wastewater;32
6.6.2;4.5.2 Blending with Power Plant Cooling Water;32
6.7;4.6…Regulations;33
6.8;References;33
7;5 Deep Well Injection;35
7.1;Abstract;35
7.2;5.1…Design;35
7.3;5.2…Site Selection;37
7.3.1;5.2.1 Confinement Conditions;37
7.3.2;5.2.2 Receptor Zones;38
7.3.3;5.2.3 Subsurface Hydrodynamics;38
7.4;5.3…Cost;38
7.4.1;5.3.1 Well Drilling and Formation;38
7.4.2;5.3.2 Surface Equipment;39
7.4.3;5.3.3 Operation and Monitoring;39
7.5;5.4…Environmental Concerns;41
7.6;References;43
8;6 Spray Irrigation;44
8.1;Abstract;44
8.2;6.1…Crop Irrigation;44
8.2.1;6.1.1 Halophyte Crop Irrigation;45
8.2.2;6.1.2 Conventional Crop Irrigation;46
8.3;6.2…Costs;47
8.4;6.3…Environmental Concerns;48
8.5;References;49
9;7 Evaporation Ponds;51
9.1;Abstract;51
9.2;7.1…Design;51
9.2.1;7.1.1 Pond Area;51
9.2.2;7.1.2 Pond Depth;52
9.2.3;7.1.3 Evaporation Rate;53
9.2.4;7.1.4 Pond Liners;54
9.2.5;7.1.5 Pond Banks;55
9.3;7.2…Pond Costs;56
9.4;7.3…Environmental Concerns;57
9.5;7.4…Social Impacts;58
9.6;References;58