Levin / Nosov Physics of Tsunamis

1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-1-4020-8856-8
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 327 Seiten

Till the very end of the twentieth century tsunami waves (or ‘waves in a harbour’, translated from Japanese) were considered an extremely rare and exotic natural p- nomenon, originating in the ocean and unexpectedly falling upon the seaside as gigantic waves. The 26th of December 2004, when tsunami waves wiped out, in a single day, more than 250,000 human lives, mourned in many countries, turned out to be a tragic date for all mankind. The authors of this book, who have studied tsunami waves for many years, - tended it to be a systematic exposition of modern ideas concerning • The mechanisms of tsunami wave generation • The peculiarities of tsunami wave propagation in the open ocean and of how waves run-up beaches • Methods for tsunami wave registration and the operation of a tsunami warning system • The mechanisms of other catastrophic processes in the ocean related to the se- mic activity of our planet The authors considered their main goal to be the creation of book prese- ing modern knowledge of tsunami waves and of other catastrophes in the ocean to scienti?c researchers and specialists in geophysics, oceanography, seismology, hydroacoustics, geology, geomorphology, civil and seaside engineering, postgr- uate students and students of relevant professions.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Levin, Boris

Nosov, Mikhail

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;9
3;1 General Information on TsunamiWaves, Seaquakes and Other Catastrophic Phenomena in the Ocean;12
3.1;1.1 Tsunami: Definition of Concepts;13
3.2;1.2 Manifestations of TsunamiWaves on Coasts;16
3.3;1.3 Tsunami Magnitude and Intensity;21
3.4;1.4 TsunamiWarning Service: Principles and Methods;26
3.5;1.5 Databases and Tsunami Statistics;28
3.6;1.6 Seaquakes: General Ideas;31
3.7;1.7 Hydroacoustic Signals in the Case of Underwater Earthquakes;33
3.8;1.8 Killer Waves in the Ocean;35
3.9;References;38
4;2 Physical Processes at the Source of a Tsunami of Seismotectonic Origin;41
4.1;2.1 Seismotectonic Source of a Tsunami: The Main Parameters and Secondary Effects;42
4.2;2.2 General Solution of the Problem of Excitation of Gravitational Waves in a Layer of Incompressible Liquid by Deformations of the Basin Bottom;59
4.3;2.3 Plane Problems of Tsunami Excitation by Deformations of the Basin Bottom;66
4.4;2.4 Generation of TsunamiWaves and Peculiarities of the Motion of Ocean Bottom at the Source;92
4.5;References;104
5;3 Role of the Compressibility ofWater and of Non- linear Effects in the Formation of TsunamiWaves;108
5.1;3.1 Excitation of TsunamiWaves with Account of the Compressibility of Water;109
5.2;3.2 Non-linear Mechanism of Tsunami Generation;141
5.3;References;159
6;4 The Physics of Tsunami Formation by Sources of Nonseismic Origin;162
6.1;4.1 Tsunami Generation by Landslides;163
6.2;4.2 Tsunami Excitation Related to Volcanic Eruptions;174
6.3;4.3 Meteotsunamis;180
6.4;4.4 Cosmogenic Tsunamis;192
6.5;References;202
7;5 Propagation of a Tsunami in the Ocean and Its Interaction with the Coast;205
7.1;5.1 Traditional Ideas Concerning the Problem of Tsunami Propagation;206
7.2;5.2 Numerical Models of Tsunami Propagation;221
7.3;5.3 Tsunami Run-up on the Coast;231
7.4;References;237
8;6 Methods of TsunamiWave Registration;241
8.1;6.1 Coastal and Deep-water Measurements of Sea Level;242
8.2;6.2 Geomorphological Consequences of Tsunami: Deposits of Paleotsunamis;249
8.3;6.3 Tsunami Detection in the Open Ocean by Satellite Altimetry;255
8.4;References;262
9;7 Seaquakes: Analysis of Phenomena and Modelling;264
9.1;7.1 Manifestations of Seaquakes: Descriptions byWitnesses and Instrumental Observations;266
9.2;7.2 Estimation of the Possibility of Stable Stratification Disruption in the Ocean Due to an Underwater Earthquake;290
9.3;7.3 Parametric Generation of SurfaceWaves in the Case of an Underwater Earthquake;300
9.4;7.4 Experimental Study ofWave Structures and of Stable Stratification Transformation in a Liquid in the Case of Bottom Oscillations;304
9.5;References;312
10;Colour Plate Section;315
11;Index;331