Lewis Physics and Chemistry of the Solar System

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-1413-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 566 Seiten, Web PDF

Physics and Chemistry of the Solar System is a broad survey of the Solar System. The book discusses the general properties and environment of our planetary system, including the astronomical perspective, the general description of the solar system and of the sun and the solar nebula). The text also describes the solar system beyond mars, including the major planets; pluto and the icy satellites of the outer planets; the comets and meteors; and the meteorites and asteroids. The inner solar system, including the airless rocky bodies; mars, venus, and earth; and planets and life about other stars, is also encompassed. Mathematicians, chemists, physicists, geologists, astronomers, meteorologists, and biologists will find the book useful.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Lewis, John S.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Physics and Chemistry of the Solar System;4
3;Copyrigh Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;10
6;Chapter I. Introduction;12
6.1;Nature and Scope of Planetary Science;12
6.2;Guide to the Literature;14
7;Chapter II. Astronomical Perspective;16
7.1;Introduction;16
7.2;Distance Scales in the Universe;16
7.3;The Big Bang;19
7.4;Limitations on Big Bang Nucleosynthesis;22
7.5;Galaxy and Star Formation;24
7.6;Structure and Classification of Galaxies;24
7.7;Classification of Stars;27
7.8;Star Clusters;35
7.9;Stellar Origins;38
7.10;Outline of Star Formation;41
7.11;Stellar Explosions and Nucleosynthesis;42
7.12;Nuclear Cosmochronology;51
8;Chapter III. General Description of the Solar System;55
8.1;Introduction;55
8.2;The Sun;55
8.3;Orbits of the Planets;56
8.4;Properties of the Planets;61
8.5;Mass and Angular Momentum Distribution;64
8.6;Satellites;68
8.7;Asteroids;70
8.8;Comets;72
8.9;Meteors;73
8.10;Meteorites;73
8.11;Cosmic Dust;75
8.12;Cosmic Rays;76
8.13;Planetary Science in the Space Age;76
8.14;Summary;76
8.15;Chapter IV. The Sun and the Solar Nebula;77
8.15.1;Introduction;77
8.15.2;Energy Production in the Sun;77
8.15.3;Energy Transport in the Sun;79
8.15.4;Internal Structure of the Sun;82
8.15.5;Surface of the Sun;83
8.15.6;The Chromosphere;86
8.15.7;The Corona;87
8.15.8;Discovery of the Solar Wind;89
8.15.9;Radio Wave Propagation in Space Plasmas;90
8.15.10;The Solar Wind;91
8.15.11;Chemistry of Solar Material;94
8.15.12;Ionization;95
8.15.13;Dissociation and Molecule Formation;97
8.15.14;Hydrogen and the Rare Gases;98
8.15.15;Oxygen, Carbon, and Nitrogen;100
8.15.16;Magnesium and Silicon;102
8.15.17;Sulfur;104
8.15.18;Aluminum and Calcium;105
8.15.19;Sodium and Potassium;106
8.15.20;Nickel and Cobalt;107
8.15.21;Phosphorus and the Halogens;108
8.15.22;The Chemistry of Rapid Accretion;112
8.15.23;Kinetic Inhibition;114
8.15.24;Mass and Density of the Solar Nebula;115
8.15.25;Thermal Opacity in the Solar Nebula;118
8.15.26;Dust Opacity;125
8.15.27;Thermal Structure of the Nebula;127
8.15.28;Turbulence and Dust Sedimentation;129
8.15.29;Accretion of Rocks, Planetesimals, and Planets;131
8.15.30;Gas Capture from the Solar Nebula;133
8.15.31;The T-Tauri Phase;135
8.15.32;Thermal History of the Early Solar System;137
8.16;Chapter V. The Major Planets;140
8.16.1;Introduction;140
8.16.2;Interiors of Jupiter and Saturn: Data;141
8.16.3;Isothermal Interior Models of Jupiter and Saturn;144
8.16.4;Thermal Models of Jupiter and Saturn;147
8.16.5;The Atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn: Observed Composition;148
8.16.6;Tropospheric Composition and Structure: Theory;151
8.16.7;Cloud Condensation in the NH3-H2O-H2S System;157
8.16.8;Cloud Physics on the Jovian Planets;165
8.16.9;Ion Production in the Jovian Atmosphere;170
8.16.10;Visible and Infrared Radiative Transfer;172
8.16.11;Horizontal Structure and Atmospheric Circulation;175
8.16.12;Photochemistry and Aeronomy;188
8.16.13;The Jovian Thermosphere;204
8.16.14;Radiophysics and Magnetospheres of Jupiter and Saturn;205
8.16.15;The Interiors of Uranus and Neptune;217
8.16.16;Atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune;224
8.16.17;Perspectives;231
9;Chapter VI. Pluto andthe Icy Satellites of the Outer Planets;233
9.1;Introduction;233
9.2;Surfaces of Icy Satellites;234
9.3;Surface Temperatures;238
9.4;Surface Morphology of the Galilean Satellites;240
9.5;Density and Composition of Icy Satellites;245
9.6;Internal Thermal Structure of Galilean Satellites;248
9.7;Dynamical Interactions of the Galilean Satellites;252
9.8;Thermal and Tectonic Evolution of Icy Satellites;254
9.9;Minor Satellites of Jupiter;257
9.10;Planetary Rings;258
9.11;The Intermediate-Sized Saturnian Satellites;271
9.12;Minor Satellites of Saturn;275
9.13;Satellites of Uranus;276
9.14;Satellites of Neptune;281
9.15;The Pluto-Charon System;285
9.16;The Neptune-Pluto Resonance;287
9.17;Spacecraft Exploration;287
9.18;Chapter VII. Comets and Meteors;289
9.18.1;Historical Perspectives;289
9.18.2;The Nature of Comets;290
9.18.3;Cometary Orbits;292
9.18.4;Heating by Passing Stars;296
9.18.5;Evaporation and Nongravitational Forces;297
9.18.6;The Nucleus and Coma of P/Halley;298
9.18.7;Chemistry and Photochemistry of Water;299
9.18.8;Further Chemical Processes in the Coma and Tail;302
9.18.9;Behavior of Small Particles;303
9.18.10;Dynamical Behavior of Dust in Space;304
9.18.11;Meteors;306
9.18.12;Cometary Fireballs;312
10;Cometary Impacts on Jupiter;313
11;Chapter VIII. Meteorites and Asteroids;315
11.1;Introduction;315
11.2;Introduction to Meteorites;315
11.3;Meteorite Orbits;318
11.4;Phenomena of Fall;319
11.5;Physical Properties of Meteorites;322
11.6;Meteorite Minerals;325
11.7;Composition of Chondrites;327
11.8;Composition of Achondrites;332
11.9;Composition of Stony-Irons;334
11.10;Composition of Irons;334
11.11;Isotopic Composition of Meteorites;336
11.12;Genetic Relationships between Meteorite Classes;344
11.13;Introduction to Asteroids;345
11.14;Asteroid Orbits;347
11.15;Stability of Trojan Orbits;348
11.16;Sizes, Shapes, and Albedos of Asteroids;350
11.17;Masses and Densities of Asteroids;351
11.18;Photometry and Spectroscopy of Asteroids;353
11.19;Thermal Evolution of Asteroids;358
11.20;Dynamical Evolution of the Asteroid Belt;362
11.21;Relationships among Asteroids, Meteorites, and Comets;365
11.22;Asteroid Resources;368
12;Chapter IX. The Airless Rocky Bodies: lo, Phobos, Deimos, the Moon, and Mercury;372
12.1;Introduction;372
12.2;Orbits and Physical Structure of Phobos and Deimos;374
12.3;lo: General Properties;376
12.4;lo: Surface Processes;377
12.5;lo: Internal Energy Sources;377
12.6;lo: Atmospheric and Volcanic Gases;383
12.7;lo: Escape and the Plasma Torus;385
12.8;lo: Genetic Relationships;385
12.9;Impact Cratering;385
12.10;Motions of the Moon;391
12.11;Physical Properties of the Moon;392
12.12;Composition of the Moon;393
12.13;Lunar Rock Types;394
12.14;Lunar Minerals;394
12.15;Lunar Elemental Abundance Patterns;396
12.16;Geology of the Moon;396
12.17;Geophysics of the Moon;397
12.18;History of the Earth-Moon System;401
12.19;Origin and Internal Evolution of the Moon;402
12.20;Solar Wind Interaction with the Moon and Mercury;403
12.21;The Planet Mercury;404
12.22;Motions of Mercury;405
12.23;Composition and Structure of Mercury;406
12.24;Noncrater Geology of Mercury;406
12.25;Geophysics of Mercury;409
12.26;Atmospheres of Mercury and the Moon;411
12.27;Polar Deposits on Mercury and the Moon;412
12.28;Unfinished Business;415
13;Chapter X. The Terrestrial Pianets: Mars, Venus, and Earth;417
13.1;Introduction;417
13.2;Motions of Mars;419
13.3;Density and Figure of Mars;419
13.4;Geophysical Data on Mars;421
13.5;Gravity and Tectonics of Mars;422
13.6;Geology of Mars;422
13.7;Surface Composition;435
13.8;Viking Lander Investigations;438
13.9;The Shergottite, Nakhlite, and Chassignite Meteorites;440
13.10;Atmospheric Structure;441
13.11;Atmospheric Circulation;442
13.12;Atmospheric Composition;443
13.13;Photochemical Stability and Atmospheric Escape;446
13.14;Origin and Evolution of the Atmosphere;451
13.15;Explosive Blowoff;451
13.16;Organic Matter and the Origin of Life;454
13.17;Venus;456
13.18;Motions and Dynamics of Venus;457
13.19;Geophysical Data on Venus;458
13.20;Geology of Venus;459
13.21;Venus: Atmospheric Structure and Motions;465
13.22;Venus: Atmospheric Composition;467
13.23;Venus: Atmosphere-Lithosphere Interactions;470
13.24;Venus: Photochemistry and Aeronomy;473
13.25;Venus: Atmospheric Escape;476
13.26;Venus: Planetary Evolution;479
13.27;Earth;479
13.28;Earth: Motions;480
13.29;Earth: Internal Structure;481
13.30;Earth: Magnetic Field and Magnetosphere;483
13.31;Earth: Surface Geology;483
13.32;Earth: Early Geological History;486
13.33;Earth: Biological History;487
13.34;Earth: Geochemistry and Petrology;491
13.35;Weathering in the Rock Cycle;494
13.36;Earth: Atmospheric Composition and Cycles;496
13.37;Radiocarbon Dating;500
13.38;Photochemistry and Aeronomy;501
13.39;Escape and Infall;503
13.40;Polar Ice, Glaciation, and Ice Ages;505
13.41;Life: Origins;506
13.42;Life: Stability and the Biosphere;511
14;Chapter XI. Planets and Life about Other Stars;513
14.1;Introduction;513
14.2;Chemical and Physical Prerequisites of Life;513
14.3;The Search for Planets of Other Stars;517
14.4;The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence;519
15;Chapter XII. Future Prospects;521
15.1;Introduction;521
15.2;Mercury;523
15.3;Earth's Moon;523
15.4;Mars;524
15.5;Asteroids;525
15.6;Jupiter;525
15.7;Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune;525
15.8;Pluto;526
15.9;Beyond the Solar System;526
15.10;Comets;526
16;Appendix I: Equilibrium Thermodynamics;530
16.1;Heat and Work;530
16.2;Useful Work and the Gibbs Free Energy;532
16.3;Chemical Equilibrium;532
16.4;Exact and Complete Differentials;533
16.5;The Maxwell Relations;534
17;Appendix II: Absorption and Emission of Radiation by Quantum Oscillators;535
18;Appendix III: Exploration of the Solar System;538
19;Appendix IV: Basic Physical Constants;543
20;Suggested Readings;544
20.1;Introduction;544
20.2;Chapter I—Introduction;544
20.3;Chapter II—Astronomical Perspective;544
20.4;Chapter III—General Description of the Solar System;545
20.5;Chapter IV—The Sun and the Solar Nebula;545
20.6;Chapter V—The Major Planets;545
20.7;Chapter VI—Pluto and the Icy Satellites of the Outer Planets;546
20.8;Chapter VII—Comets and Meteors;546
20.9;Chapter VIII—Meteorites and Asteroids;546
20.10;Chapter IX—The Airless Rocky Bodies: lo, Phobos, Deimos, the Moon, and Mercury;546
20.11;Chapter X—The Terrestrial Planets: Mars, Venus, and Earth;547
20.12;Chapter XI—Planets and Life about Other Stars;547
21;Index;549