Li Nonlinear Optics

Principles and Applications
1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-981-10-1488-8
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 399 Seiten

This book reflects the latest advances in nonlinear optics. Besides the simple, strict mathematical deduction, it also discusses the experimental verification and possible future applications, such as the all-optical switches. It consistently uses the practical unit system throughout. It employs simple physical images, such as 'light waves' and 'photons' to systematically explain the main principles of nonlinear optical effects. It uses the first-order nonlinear wave equation in frequency domain under the condition of 'slowly varying amplitude approximation' and the classical model of the interaction between the light and electric dipole. At the same time, it also uses the rate equations based on the energy-level transition of particle systems excited by photons and the energy and momentum conservation principles to explain the nonlinear optical phenomenon. The book is intended for researchers, engineers and graduate students in the field of optics, optoelectronics, fiber communication, information technology and materials etc.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Li, Chunfei

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;8
3;About the Author;14
4;Abstract;16
5;1 Introduction;17
5.1;1.1 Importance of Nonlinear Optics;17
5.1.1;1.1.1 Status of Nonlinear Optics in Modern Physics;17
5.1.2;1.1.2 Status of Nonlinear Optics in Modern Optics;18
5.1.3;1.1.3 Nonlinear Optics Is a Basis of Photonic Technology;19
5.2;1.2 Physical Meaning of Nonlinear Optics;21
5.2.1;1.2.1 Phenomenon Related with High-Order Polarization;21
5.2.2;1.2.2 Nonlinear Response of Medium to the Optical Field;22
5.2.3;1.2.3 Parameters of Medium Are Function of Optical Field;23
5.3;1.3 Research Content of Nonlinear Optics;24
5.3.1;1.3.1 Typical Nonlinear Optical Effects;24
5.3.2;1.3.2 Two Kinds of Nonlinear Optical Effects;29
5.3.3;1.3.3 Nonlinear Optical Materials;30
5.4;1.4 Development History of Nonlinear Optics;31
5.4.1;1.4.1 Brief History of Nonlinear Optics;31
5.4.2;1.4.2 Development Tendency of Nonlinear Optics;32
5.5;1.5 Applications of Nonlinear Optics;33
5.5.1;1.5.1 Application in Laser Technology;34
5.5.2;1.5.2 Application in Information Technology;34
5.5.3;1.5.3 Application in Material Technology;35
5.6;References;37
6;2 Polarization Theory of Nonlinear Medium;39
6.1;2.1 Wave Equations of Nonlinear Medium;39
6.1.1;2.1.1 Maxwell’s Equations for Nonlinear Medium;39
6.1.2;2.1.2 Time-Domain Wave Equation in Anisotropic Nonlinear Medium;41
6.1.3;2.1.3 Time-Domain Wave Equation in Isotropic Nonlinear Medium;42
6.1.4;2.1.4 Frequency-Domain Wave Equation in Anisotropic Nonlinear Medium;44
6.1.5;2.1.5 Frequency-Domain Wave Equation in Isotopic Nonlinear Medium;44
6.2;2.2 Polarization and Susceptibility of Nonlinear Medium;46
6.2.1;2.2.1 Frequency-Domain Expressions of Polarization and Susceptibility;46
6.2.2;2.2.2 Degeneration Factor of Polarization;50
6.2.3;2.2.3 Symmetry of Susceptibility Tensor;53
6.3;2.3 Real Part and Imaginary Part of Susceptibility;56
6.3.1;2.3.1 Relation Between Real Part and Imaginary Part of Susceptibility (K–K Relation);56
6.3.2;2.3.2 Physical Significance of Real Part and Imaginary Part of Susceptibility;57
6.3.3;2.3.3 Relation Between Nonlinear Refractive Index and Nonlinear Absorption Coefficient;61
6.4;Appendix A: Derivation of K–K Relation [9, 10];62
6.5;Appendix B: Two Systems of Units [11];64
6.5.1;I. Fundamental Formula;65
6.5.2;II. Conversion of Two Unit Systems;65
6.6;References;65
7;3 Optical Three-Wave Coupling Processes;67
7.1;3.1 Three-Wave Coupled Equations;67
7.1.1;3.1.1 Review of Second-Order Nonlinear Optics Effects in Isotopic Medium;67
7.1.2;3.1.2 Approximate Description of Second-Order Nonlinear Optics Effect in Anisotropic Medium;69
7.1.3;3.1.3 Three-Wave Coupled Equations in Anisotropic Medium;71
7.2;3.2 Optical Second-Harmonic Generation;73
7.2.1;3.2.1 Small Signal Approximation;74
7.2.2;3.2.2 High Fundamental Wave Consumption;77
7.2.3;3.2.3 Phase Matching Technology;80
7.2.4;3.2.4 Experimental Facilities for Second Harmonic Generation;85
7.3;3.3 Optical Sum Frequency, Difference Frequency and Parameter Amplification;87
7.3.1;3.3.1 Optical Sum Frequency and Frequency Up-Conversion;87
7.3.2;3.3.2 Optical Difference Frequency and Frequency Down-Conversion;91
7.3.3;3.3.3 Optical Parametric Amplification;94
7.3.4;3.3.4 Comparison of Four Kinds of Three-Wave Mixing Processes and Experimental Facilities;95
7.4;3.4 Optical Parametric Oscillator;97
7.4.1;3.4.1 Threshold Value Equations of Optical Parametric Oscillation;97
7.4.2;3.4.2 Double Resonant Parametric Oscillator;99
7.4.3;3.4.3 Singly Resonant Parametric Oscillator;101
7.5;References;104
8;4 Optical Four-Wave Coupling Process;105
8.1;4.1 Introduction to Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Effects;105
8.2;4.2 Optical Third Harmonic and Optical Four-Wave Mixing;107
8.2.1;4.2.1 Optical Third Harmonic;107
8.2.2;4.2.2 Optical Four-Wave Mixing;110
8.2.3;4.2.3 Degenerated Four-Wave Mixing;111
8.3;4.3 Optical Phase Conjugation;113
8.3.1;4.3.1 Definition and Characteristic of Optical Phase Conjugation;113
8.3.2;4.3.2 Optical Phase Conjugation in Four-Wave Mixing Process;115
8.3.3;4.3.3 Application of Optical Phase Conjugation;121
8.4;References;123
9;5 Optical Kerr Effect and Self-focusing;124
9.1;5.1 Optical Kerr Effect;124
9.1.1;5.1.1 Self-phase Modulation Optical Kerr Effect;126
9.1.2;5.1.2 Cross-Phase Modulation Optical Kerr Effect;129
9.1.3;5.1.3 Optical-Kerr-Effect Induced Birefringence;131
9.2;5.2 Self-focusing of Light Beam;134
9.2.1;5.2.1 Steady State Self-focusing;134
9.2.2;5.2.2 Dynamic State Self-focusing;142
9.2.3;5.2.3 Self-phase Modulation Based on Self-focusing;147
9.3;5.3 Z-scan Measurement of Nonlinear Optical Parameter;150
9.3.1;5.3.1 Experimental Method of Z-scan Measurement;150
9.3.2;5.3.2 Theoretical Calculation of Z-scan Measurement [23];153
9.3.3;5.3.3 Other Z-scan Technologies;158
9.4;References;161
10;6 Nonlinear Stimulated Scattering;163
10.1;6.1 Introduction to Light Scattering;163
10.1.1;6.1.1 Classification of Light Scattering;163
10.1.2;6.1.2 Stimulated Radiation Light Scattering Characteristics;165
10.2;6.2 Stimulated Raman Scattering;166
10.2.1;6.2.1 Physical Picture of Stimulated Raman Scattering;166
10.2.2;6.2.2 Classical Theory of Stimulated Raman Scattering;171
10.2.3;6.2.3 Experiments of Stimulated Raman Scattering;177
10.3;6.3 Stimulated Brillouin Scattering;178
10.3.1;6.3.1 Physical Picture of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering;178
10.3.2;6.3.2 Classical Theory of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering;181
10.3.3;6.3.3 Experiments of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering;186
10.4;References;189
11;7 Nonlinear Absorption and Refraction of Light;190
11.1;7.1 Single-Photon Absorption and Two-Photon Absorption;190
11.1.1;7.1.1 Light-Intensity Transmission Equations;190
11.1.2;7.1.2 Single-Photon Nonlinear Absorption and Refraction;193
11.1.3;7.1.3 General Theory of Two-Photon Absorption;196
11.1.4;7.1.4 Two-Photon Absorption and Refraction in Semiconductor;199
11.2;7.2 Saturable Absorption and Reverse Saturable Absorption;206
11.2.1;7.2.1 Molecular-Energy-Level Model of Saturable Absorption;206
11.2.2;7.2.2 Relation Between Saturable Absorption and Three-Order Nonlinear Absorption;212
11.2.3;7.2.3 Molecular-Energy-Level Mode of Reverse Saturable Absorption;213
11.2.4;7.2.4 Application of Reverse Saturable Absorption in All-Optical Limiting;219
11.3;7.3 Saturable Refraction and Reverse Saturable Refraction;220
11.3.1;7.3.1 Description of Saturable Refraction and Reverse Saturable Refraction [19, 20];220
11.3.2;7.3.2 Physical Significance of Sign Symbol of Nonlinear Refraction Coefficient;224
11.4;References;227
12;8 Optical Bistability and Its Instability;228
12.1;8.1 Introduction to Optical Bistability;228
12.1.1;8.1.1 Basic Conception of Optical Bistability [1–4];228
12.1.2;8.1.2 Classification of Optical Bistable Device;230
12.2;8.2 Optical Bistable Device;232
12.2.1;8.2.1 Principle of F–P Etalon Intrinsic Optical Bistable Device;232
12.2.2;8.2.2 Principle of Electro-Optical Hybrid Optical Bistable Device;242
12.2.3;8.2.3 Application of Optical Bistable Devices;248
12.3;8.3 Optical Instability of Optical Bistability;250
12.3.1;8.3.1 Stability Analysis of Optical Bistability;250
12.3.2;8.3.2 Instability of Optical Bistability;255
12.4;References;263
13;9 Propagation of Light Pulse in Fiber and Optical Soliton;264
13.1;9.1 Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation [1];264
13.1.1;9.1.1 Helmholtz Equation;265
13.1.2;9.1.2 Derivation of Frequency-Domain Wave Equation in Fiber;268
13.1.3;9.1.3 Derivation of Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation;270
13.2;9.2 Group Velocity Dispersion and Self-phase Modulation [1];273
13.2.1;9.2.1 Pulse Propagation Excluding Dispersion and Nonlinearity;275
13.2.2;9.2.2 Influence of Dispersion to Pulse Propagation;275
13.2.3;9.2.3 Influence of Self-phase Modulation to Pulse Propagation;279
13.2.4;9.2.4 Combined Action of Dispersion and Self-phase Modulation;281
13.3;9.3 Time Soliton and Space Soliton;285
13.3.1;9.3.1 Time Soliton;285
13.3.2;9.3.2 Space Soliton;289
13.4;References;291
14;10 All-Optical Switch Based on Nonlinear Optics;292
14.1;10.1 Summarization of All-Optical Switch;292
14.1.1;10.1.1 Research Direction of All-Optical Switch [1];292
14.1.2;10.1.2 Classification of All-Optical Switch [1];297
14.2;10.2 Nonlinear Optical Coupler All-Optical Switch;302
14.2.1;10.2.1 Symmetric Coupler Under Low Incident Power;303
14.2.2;10.2.2 Symmetric Coupler All-Optical Switch in Self-phase Modulation;306
14.2.3;10.2.3 Asymmetric Coupler All-Optical Switch in Cross-Phase Modulation;309
14.3;10.3 Nonlinear Sagnac Interferometer All-Optical Switch;313
14.3.1;10.3.1 Symmetric Sagnac Interferometer in Low Incident Power;313
14.3.2;10.3.2 Sagnac Interferometer All-Optical Switch with a Non-3 dB Coupler;318
14.3.3;10.3.3 Sagnac Interferometer All-Optical Switch in Cross-Phase Modulation;320
14.3.4;10.3.4 Sagnac Interferometer All-Optical Switch with a Optical Amplifier;322
14.4;10.4 Nonlinear M–Z Interferometer All-Optical Switch;324
14.4.1;10.4.1 M–Z Interferometer All-Optical Switch with Different Arm Materials;324
14.4.2;10.4.2 M–Z Interferometer All-Optical Switch with Different Arm Lengths;326
14.5;10.5 Nonlinear Ring Resonator All-Optical Switch;327
14.5.1;10.5.1 All-Optical Switch in a M–Z Interferometer Coupled with a SCRR;328
14.5.2;10.5.2 All-Optical Switch in a DCRR;334
14.6;10.6 Nonlinear Fiber Grating All-Optical Switch;338
14.6.1;10.6.1 Single Nonlinear FBG All-Optical Switch;339
14.6.2;10.6.2 Single Nonlinear LPFG All-Optical Switch;347
14.6.3;10.6.3 Nonlinear Fiber Connected LPFG-Pair All-Optical Switch;352
14.6.4;10.6.4 Nonlinear Fiber Connected FBG-Pair Optical Bistable Switch;361
14.7;10.7 Nanoscale All-Optical Switches;368
14.7.1;10.7.1 Nano-waveguide Interferometer All-Optical Switches;370
14.7.2;10.7.2 Photonic Crystal All-Optical Switch;376
14.7.3;10.7.3 Surface Plasmon Polariton All-Optical Switch;385
14.7.4;10.7.4 Silicon Nano-waveguide Resonant Cavity All-Optical Switch;395
14.8;References;397