Lin / Edvinsson National Intellectual Capital

A Comparison of 40 Countries
2011
ISBN: 978-1-4419-7377-1
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 392 Seiten, eBook

Over the past decade, knowledge assets and intellectual capital have been attracting an increasing amount of attention, not only from academics and CEOs, but also from national policy makers. To date, most studies of intellectual capital have focused at the organizational level, with an emphasis on explaining the role of “intangible assets” as a differentiator between accounting value and market value as a possible source of corporate competitive advantage. More recently, pioneers in the field, including the authors of this book, have begun to apply these methodologies to a broader scope, with the objective of comparing the intellectual capital indices at the national or regional level. As a result, an increasing number of world organizations and researchers are commissioned to investigate this future-oriented crucial national issue. Yet, the linkage between the value of intangible assets and how to quantify or benchmark it is still tenuous, not to mention easily misunderstood by a layman for guiding better decision making.

With the belief that numbers talk and statistics hide valuable information, this book serves to present the authors’ research findings, covering 14 years (1995-2008) of intellectual capital information, comprised of human capital, market capital, process capital, renewal capital, and financial capital for 40 countries. The last three chapters go beyond analysis of current intellectual capital factors, and present practical tools for launching initiatives at the national level. The book will serve as an essential resource for researchers, policy makers, and business leaders concerned with issues of economic growth and competitiveness, innovation, and business creation.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Lin, Carol Yeh-Yun

Edvinsson, Leif

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;6
2;Foreword;8
3;Preface;10
4;Preface;12
5;Contents;14
6;Chapter 1: Introduction of National Intellectual Capital;20
6.1;Introduction;20
6.2;Development of National Intellectual Capital;21
6.3;Five Types of Component Capital;22
6.4;Expected Contributions;24
6.5;Chapter Organization of This Book;25
7;Chapter 2: Background of National Intellectual Capital;26
7.1;Motivation for Writing This Book;26
7.2;Current National Intellectual Capital Measurement Models;27
7.2.1;Measurements Proposed by Regional or World Development Organizations;28
7.2.1.1;The World Bank’s Knowledge Assessment Methodology;28
7.2.1.2;OECD Measurement Models;29
7.2.1.3;United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Model;29
7.2.2;National Intellectual Capital Models Proposed by Individual Researchers;30
7.3;Obstacles to the Measurement of National Intellectual Capital;31
7.4;Summary;35
8;Chapter 3: Methods and National Intellectual Capital Ranking of 40 Countries;36
8.1;Proposed National Intellectual Capital Measurement Model;36
8.2;Indicator Selection and Validation;37
8.3;Validation of NICI40 Measurement Model;40
8.4;Methods;40
8.5;National Intellectual Capital Indices for 40 Countries;41
8.6;Appendix 1;46
8.7;Appendix 2;49
9;Chapter 4: National Intellectual Capital of Five Nordic Countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden);51
9.1;Introduction;51
9.2;National Intellectual Capital of Each Individual Country;52
9.3;Comparison of Capital Components of the Five Nordic Countries;58
9.4;Three-Period Progression of National Intellectual Capital Development;62
9.5;General Descriptive Information on the Five Nordic Countries;65
9.6;Summary;78
10;Chapter 5: National Intellectual Capital of Four Larger Western European Countries (France, Germany, Ireland, UK);81
10.1;Introduction;81
10.2;National Intellectual Capital of Each Individual Country;82
10.3;Comparison of Capital Components of the Four Larger European Countries;86
10.4;Three-Period Progression of National Intellectual Capital Development;90
10.5;General Descriptive Information on the Four Larger European Countries;93
10.6;Summary;102
11;Chapter 6: National Intellectual Capital of Four Smaller Western European Countries (Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland);104
11.1;Introduction;104
11.2;National Intellectual Capital of Each Individual Country;105
11.3;Comparison of Capital Components of the Four Smaller European Countries;110
11.4;Three-Period Progression of National Intellectual Capital Development;113
11.5;General Descriptive Information on the Four Smaller European Countries;116
11.6;Summary;125
12;Chapter 7: National Intellectual Capital of Four Southern European Countries (Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain);128
12.1;Introduction;128
12.2;National Intellectual Capital of Each Individual Country;129
12.3;Comparison of Capital Components of the Four Southern European Countries;134
12.4;Three-Period Progression of National Intellectual Capital Development;137
12.5;General Descriptive Information on the Four Southern European Countries;140
12.6;Summary;151
13;Chapter 8: National Intellectual Capital of Four East Central European Countries and South Africa (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland,South Africa, Turkey);153
13.1;Introduction;153
13.2;National Intellectual Capital of Each Individual Country;154
13.3;Comparison of Capital Components of the Four East Central European Countries and South Africa;159
13.4;Three-Period Progression of National Intellectual Capital Development;163
13.5;General Descriptive Information on the Four East Central European Countries and South Africa;166
13.6;Summary;177
14;Chapter 9: National Intellectual Capital of Two North American Countries (Canada, USA);179
14.1;Introduction;179
14.2;National Intellectual Capital of the Two Countries;181
14.3;Comparison of Capital Components of the Two North American Countries;183
14.4;Three-Period Progression of National Intellectual Capital Development;186
14.5;General Descriptive Information on the Two North American Countries;188
14.6;Summary;188
15;Chapter 10: National Intellectual Capital of Four Latin American Countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico);196
15.1;Introduction;196
15.2;National Intellectual Capital of Each Individual Country;197
15.3;Comparison of Capital Components of the Four Latin American Countries;201
15.4;Three-Period Progression of National Intellectual Capital Development;204
15.5;General Descriptive Information on the Four Latin American Countries;205
15.6;Summary;208
16;Chapter 11: National Intellectual Capital of Australia and New Zealand;219
16.1;Introduction;219
16.2;National Intellectual Capital of Australia and New Zealand;221
16.3;Comparison of Capital Components of Australia and New Zealand;223
16.4;Three-Period Progression of National Intellectual Capital Development;226
16.5;General Descriptive Information on Australia and New Zealand;228
16.6;Summary;232
17;Chapter 12: National Intellectual Capital of Three East Asian Countries (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan);235
17.1;Introduction;235
17.2;National Intellectual Capital of Each Individual Country;236
17.3;Comparison of Capital Components of the Three East Asian Countries;240
17.4;Three-Period Progression of National Intellectual Capital Development;243
17.5;General Descriptive Information on the Three East Asian Countries;245
17.6;Summary;252
18;Chapter 13: National Intellectual Capital of Four Southeast Asian Countries (Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand);254
18.1;Introduction;254
18.2;National Intellectual Capital of Each Individual Country;255
18.3;Comparison of Capital Components of the Four Southeast Asian Countries;259
18.4;Three-Period Progression of National Intellectual Capital Development;263
18.5;General Descriptive Information on the Four Southeast Asian Countries;266
18.6;Summary;266
19;Chapter 14: National Intellectual Capital of the Four BRIC Countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China);276
19.1;Introduction;276
19.2;National Intellectual Capital of Each Individual Country;277
19.3;Comparison of Capital Components of the Four BRIC Countries;281
19.4;Three-Period Progression of National Intellectual Capital Development;285
19.5;General Descriptive Information on the Four BRIC Countries;288
19.6;Summary;298
20;Chapter 15: National Intellectual Capital Development: Trajectory from a Poor to a Fast Growth Country;300
20.1;Introduction;300
20.2;National Intellectual Capital of the Five Poorest Countries;301
20.3;National Intellectual Capital of the Five Fastest Growth Countries;305
20.4;Comparison of the Poorest and Fastest Growth Countries;308
20.5;Trajectory from a Poor to a Fast Growth Country;311
20.5.1;Summary;316
21;Chapter 16: Dynamic Systems in National Intellectual Capital;318
21.1;Ranking Changes of the Five Component Capitals;318
21.2;GDP Growth Comparison;326
21.3;Intangible Asset Indicators of Various World Organizations;328
21.4;Paths for Planned National Intellectual Capital Growth;328
21.5;Summary;346
21.6;Appendices;347
21.7;Appendix 1;348
21.8;Appendix 2;350
21.9;Appendix 3;352
21.10;Appendix 4;354
21.11;Appendix 5;356
21.12;Appendix 6;358
22;Chapter 17: Policy Implications and Future Perspectives;360
22.1;Introduction;360
22.2;Internal and External National Intellectual Capital Issues;361
22.3;Policy Implications;364
22.3.1;GDP Implications;364
22.3.2;National Context Implications;365
22.3.3;Currency Effect Implications;366
22.3.4;Effectiveness Implications;366
22.3.5;IC Formula I: Turning Liability into Potential and into Value;367
22.4;On-Going National Intellectual Capital Development;367
22.4.1;Promote National Intellectual Capital Creation Routes;367
22.4.2;Encourage Three Types of National Intellectual Capital Growth Patterns;368
22.4.2.1;Pattern #1: From A to A+ (Capital Score Percentile from 70th to 90th);369
22.4.2.2;Pattern #2: A Big Stride (Capital Score Percentile from 50th to 90th);369
22.4.2.3;Pattern #3: From Good to Better (Capital Score Percentile from 40th to 60th);370
22.4.3;Create Intellectual Capital Accelerator;372
22.4.4;Establish an Intellectual Capital Incubator;374
22.5;Suggestions for BRIC Countries;374
22.6;Limitations and Future Perspectives;380
22.7;Conclusion;380
23;After Note: Looking from Outside;383
24;References;385
25;Glossary;396
26;Author Index;399
27;Subject Index;401

Über Autor(innen)

Dr. Carol Yeh-Yun Lin is Professor of Business Administration at National Chengchi University in Taiwan. She received her Ph.D. in Human Resource Development from the University of Texas at Austin in 1992. Dr. Lin has published extensively, with over 40 scholarly articles and 60 conference presentations on strategic human resource management, international human resource management, intellectual capital, business ethics, and corporate social responsibility. Her papers have appeared in the International Journal of Human Resource Management, Journal of Business Ethics, Long Range Planning, Health Care Management Review, Journal of Small Business Management, Journal of Psychology, and Journal of Intellectual Capital.

Leif Edvinsson, Founding Partner of the consultancy, Universal Networking Intellectual Capital, is the world’s leading expert on Intellectual Capital (IC). As former vice president and the world’s first corporate director of Intellectual Capital at Skandia of Stockholm, Sweden, Edvinsson has been a key contributor to the theory of IC and oversaw the creation of the world's first corporate Intellectual Capital Annual Report. In 1996 he was awarded by both the American Productivity and Quality Center (US) and Business Intelligence (UK) for his pioneering work on IC. Mr. Edvinsson was formerly senior vice president for training and development of S-E Bank, and president and chairman of Consultus AB, a Stockholm-based consulting company. In light of his work in both training and Intellectual Capital, Edvinsson has been a special advisor on service trade to the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He is also special adviser to the Swedish Cabinet on the effects of the new digital economy, special advisor to the United Nations International Trade Center and is a co-founder of the Swedish Coalition of Service Industries.

Mr. Edvinsson holds an MBA from the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author or co-author of numerous publications on IC, including one of the first books on the subject, Intellectual Capital (1997), Corporate Longitude (2002), Leveraging Corporate Knowledge (2004), and Intellectual Capital for Communities (2005). He is a regular speaker before such organizations as the BBC, CIO, Conference Board, Economist, Handelsblatt, Insead, and IMD.
Her serves on the Board of Directors of several knowledge-intensive enterprises, including the Swedish Brain Research Foundation and the Center for Molecular Medicine at Karolinska Institute, Stockholm. Since 2000 he has been the Honorary Chairman of the UK-based Henley College, KM Forum. Since 2000, he has been Adjunct Professor of Intellectual Capital at Lund University, and since 2007 Chair Professor at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.