Littlewood The Evolution of Parasitism - A Phylogenetic Perspective

1. Auflage 2003
ISBN: 978-0-08-049374-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 54, 416 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Advances in Parasitology

Parasitology continues to benefit from taking an evolutionary approach to its study. Tree construction, character-mapping, tree-based evolutionary interpretation, and other developments in molecular and morphological phylogenetics have had a profound influence and have shed new light on the very nature of host-parasite relations and their coevolution. Life cycle complexity, parasite ecology and the origins and evolution of parasitism itself are all underpinned by an understanding of phylogeny. The Evolution of Parasitism - A Phylogenetic Perspective aims to bring together a range of articles that exemplifies the phylogenetic approach as applied to various disciplines within parasitology and as applied by parasitologists. Unified by the use of phylogenies, this book tackles a wide variety of parasite-specific biological problems across a diverse range of taxa. - Includes important contributions from leading minds in the field such as Serge Morand, Francisco Ayala and Mark Blaxter, among others - Second in the ISI Parasitology List in 2002 with an Impact Factor of 4.818 - Series encompasses over 35 years of parasitology coverage

Autoren/Hrsg.

Littlewood, Tim

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;CONTENTS;10
3;Contributors to Volume 54;6
4;Preface;8
5;Introduction „ Phylogenies, Phylogenetics, Parasites and the Evolution of Parasitism;14
6;Chapter 1. Cryptic Organelles in Parasitic Protists and Fungi;22
6.1;Abstract;23
6.2;1. Introduction;23
6.3;2. The Origin of Mitochondria and Plastids by Endosymbiosis;25
6.4;3. Cryptic Organelles and How to Find Them;34
6.5;4. Case Histories – Mitochondria;37
6.6;5. Case Histories – Plastids;51
6.7;6. Future Directions;62
6.8;Acknowledgements;66
6.9;References;67
7;Chapter 2. Phylogenetic Insights into the Evolution of Parasitism in Hymenoptera;82
7.1;Abstract;82
7.2;1. Introduction;83
7.3;2. Some Questions about Hymenopteran Parasitoid Evolution Addressed using Phylogeny;87
7.4;3. Evolution from Parasitism to Other Lifestyles;97
7.5;4. The Comparative Method and Parasitoids: Future Prospects;102
7.6;5. Conclusion;104
7.7;Acknowledgements;104
7.8;References;104
8;Chapter 3. Nematoda: Genes, Genomes and the Evolution of Parasitism;114
8.1;Abstract;115
8.2;1. Nematode Genomes and the Evolution of Parasitism;116
8.3;2. Nematode Parasitism;124
8.4;3. Nematode Genomes and Parasitism;139
8.5;4. Summary;178
8.6;Acknowledgements;180
8.7;References;181
9;Chapter 4. Life Cycle Evolution in the Digenea: a New Perspective from Phylogeny;210
9.1;Abstract;211
9.2;1. Introduction;211
9.3;2. Methods;212
9.4;3. Background to the Digenea;216
9.5;4. Mapping and Interpreting Life Cycle Traits;222
9.6;5. Problems;253
9.7;Appendix;257
9.8;Acknowledgements;262
9.9;References;262
10;Chapter 5. Progress in Malaria Research: the Case for Phylogenetics;268
10.1;Abstract;268
10.2;1. The Malaria Phylum: Apicomplexa;269
10.3;2. Morphology, Phylogenetics and Plasmodium Systematics;271
10.4;3. Evolution and Extant Distribution of Malignant Human Malaria: P. falciparum;279
10.5;4. Concluding Remarks;288
10.6;References;288
11;Chapter 6. Phylogenies, the Comparative Method and Parasite Evolutionary Ecology;294
11.1;Abstract;295
11.2;1. Introduction;295
11.3;2. Phylogenetic Effects and Constraints, and the Need for Phylogenies;296
11.4;3. The Phylogenetically Independent Contrasts Method;297
11.5;4. Diversity and Diversification;300
11.6;5. The Phylogenetic Eigenvector Method;303
11.7;6. The Study of Host–Parasite Co-adaptation Using the Independent Contrasts Method;305
11.8;7. The Study of Host–Parasite Co-adaptation Using PER;306
11.9;8. Scepticism about Comparative Methods: Why Bother with Phylogeny?;308
11.10;9. Phylogenetically Structured Environmental Variation;309
11.11;10. Conclusions;312
11.12;Acknowledgements;312
11.13;References;312
12;Chapter 7. Recent Results in Cophylogeny Mapping;316
12.1;Abstract;316
12.2;1. Introduction;317
12.3;2. Cophylogenetic Events;319
12.4;3. Cophylogeny Mapping;321
12.5;4. Complexity;325
12.6;5. Modelling Cophylogeny;329
12.7;6. Tests of Significance;335
12.8;7. Confounding Cophylogeny;337
12.9;8. Discussion;339
12.10;Acknowledgements;341
12.11;References;341
13;Chapter 8. Inference of Viral Evolutionary Rates from Molecular Sequences;344
13.1;Abstract;345
13.2;1. Introduction;345
13.3;2. General Linear Regression and Other Distance-based Methods;350
13.4;3. Maximum Likelihood Estimation;356
13.5;4. Bayesian Inference of Evolutionary Rates;360
13.6;5. Discussion;363
13.7;Acknowledgements;367
13.8;References;368
14;Chapter 9. Detecting Adaptive Molecular Evolution: Additional Tools for the Parasitologist;372
14.1;Abstract;373
14.2;1. What is Adaptive Molecular Evolution?;373
14.3;2. Methodological Advances;375
14.4;3. Example of Adaptive Evolution in the Malaria Rifin Proteins;379
14.5;4. Prospects;386
14.6;Acknowledgements;389
14.7;References;390
15;Index;394
16;Contnts of Volumes in This Series;412