Lookman / Ren Frustrated Materials and Ferroic Glasses

1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-319-96914-5
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 275, 283 Seiten

Reihe: Springer Series in Materials Science

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to ferroics and frustrated materials. Ferroics comprise a range of materials classes with functionalities such as magnetism, polarization, and orbital degrees of freedom and strain. Frustration, due to geometrical constraints, and disorder, due to chemical and/or structural inhomogeneities, can lead to glassy behavior, which has either been directly observed or inferred in a range of materials classes from model systems such as artificial spin ice, shape memory alloys, and ferroelectrics to electronically functional materials such as manganites. Interesting and unusual properties are found to be associated with these glasses and have potential for novel applications. Just as in prototypical spin glass and structural glasses, the elements of frustration and disorder lead to non-ergodocity, history dependence, frequency dependent relaxation behavior, and the presence of inhomogeneous nano clusters or domains. In addition, there are new states of matter, such as spin ice; however, it is still an open question as to whether these systems belong to the same family or universality class.The purpose of this work is to collect in a single volume the range of materials systems with differing functionalities that show many of the common characteristics of geometrical frustration, where interacting degrees of freedom do not fit in a lattice or medium, and glassy behavior is accompanied by additional presence of disorder. The chapters are written by experts in their fields and span experiment and theory, as well as simulations. Frustrated Materials and Ferroic Glasses will be of interest to a wide range of readers in condensed matter physics and materials science.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Lookman, Turab

Ren, Xiaobing

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;9
3;Contributors;11
4;1 What Can Spin Glass Theory and Analogies Tell Us About Ferroic Glasses?;14
4.1;1.1 Introduction;14
4.2;1.2 Experimental Indications;15
4.3;1.3 Spin Glasses;17
4.3.1;1.3.1 Simulations;20
4.3.2;1.3.2 Soft Spins;21
4.4;1.4 Polar Glasses and Relaxors;22
4.4.1;1.4.1 Homovalent Relaxors;23
4.4.2;1.4.2 Heterovalent Relaxors;26
4.4.3;1.4.3 Polar Nanoregions;29
4.5;1.5 Itinerant Spin Glasses;32
4.6;1.6 Strain Glass;35
4.7;1.7 Conclusion;37
4.8;References;38
5;2 Spin Glasses: Experimental Signatures and Salient Outcomes;43
5.1;2.1 Introduction;43
5.2;2.2 What Is a Spin Glass Made of?;44
5.3;2.3 What Happens at Tg?;46
5.3.1;2.3.1 Dynamical Aspects of the Transition;46
5.3.2;2.3.2 A Thermodynamic Phase Transition;49
5.3.3;2.3.3 Spin Glass Transition: Open Questions;50
5.4;2.4 Slow Dynamics and Aging;52
5.4.1;2.4.1 DC Experimental Procedures;52
5.4.2;2.4.2 AC Experimental Procedures;55
5.5;2.5 Aging, Rejuvenation, and Memory Effects;57
5.5.1;2.5.1 Temperature Step Experiments;57
5.5.2;2.5.2 Memory Dip Experiments;59
5.5.3;2.5.3 Discussion;61
5.5.3.1;2.5.3.1 Hierarchical Picture;62
5.5.3.2;2.5.3.2 A Correlation Length for Spin Glass Order;63
5.6;2.6 Conclusions;64
5.7;References;65
6;3 Frustration(s) and the Ice Rule: From Natural Materialsto the Deliberate Design of Exotic Behaviors;69
6.1;3.1 Introduction;69
6.2;3.2 Common Systems;70
6.2.1;3.2.1 Water Ice;70
6.2.2;3.2.2 Spin Ice: Rare Earth Titanates;73
6.2.3;3.2.3 Artificial Spin Ice;74
6.2.3.1;3.2.3.1 Honeycomb Spin Ice;76
6.2.3.2;3.2.3.2 Square Ice;80
6.2.4;3.2.4 Particle-Based Ice;82
6.3;3.3 Theoretical Themes;83
6.3.1;3.3.1 Ice Rule, Topological Charges, and Topological Order;85
6.3.2;3.3.2 Ice Rule and Frustration(s);89
6.3.2.1;3.3.2.1 Frustration of Pairwise Interaction;89
6.3.2.2;3.3.2.2 Vertex Frustration;90
6.3.2.3;3.3.2.3 Collective Frustration;92
6.4;3.4 Ice Manifolds and Emergent States by Artificial Design;95
6.4.1;3.4.1 Emergent Ice Rule, Charge Screening, and Topological Protection: Shakti Ice;95
6.4.2;3.4.2 Dimensionality Reduction: Tetris Ice;99
6.4.3;3.4.3 Polymers of Topologically Protected Excitations: Santa Fe Ice;101
6.4.4;3.4.4 Ice Rule Fragility in Particle Ices;102
6.5;3.5 Conclusion;105
6.6;References;105
7;4 Glassy Phenomena and Precursors in the Lattice Dynamics;112
7.1;4.1 Introduction;112
7.2;4.2 Phonon Localization in Relaxor Ferroelectrics;114
7.3;4.3 Coupling of PNRs to Phonons and the Ultrahigh Piezoelectricity in Relaxor-Based Ferroelectrics;122
7.4;4.4 Summary;125
7.5;References;127
8;5 Relaxor Ferroelectrics and Related Cluster Glasses;129
8.1;5.1 Mesoscopic Ferroic Glasses;129
8.2;5.2 Relaxor Ferroelectrics;131
8.2.1;5.2.1 Solid Solutions of PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT);131
8.2.2;5.2.2 Superglass Transition of PMN;131
8.2.3;5.2.3 Paraelectric PNR Precursor State;135
8.2.4;5.2.4 Percolation Transition of PNR;138
8.3;5.3 Superglass Transition in Uniaxial RelaxorFerroelectric SBN;143
8.3.1;5.3.1 Anisotropic PNR;143
8.3.2;5.3.2 Glass Transition of SBN80;145
8.4;5.4 Strain Glass as a Random Field System;150
8.5;5.5 Cluster Spinglass;154
8.6;5.6 Conclusion;159
8.7;References;160
9;6 Probing Glassiness in Heuslers via Density Functional Theory Calculations;163
9.1;6.1 Introduction;165
9.2;6.2 Magnetostructural Phase Transition of Rapidly Quenched Heusler Alloys;167
9.2.1;6.2.1 Order–Disorder Transitions and Classification of Phase Transitions;170
9.2.2;6.2.2 Influence of Annealing Process on the Isofield Magnetization Curves;171
9.2.3;6.2.3 Effect of Cobalt on the Isofield Magnetization Curves;173
9.3;6.3 Noncollinear Magnetism;178
9.4;6.4 Decomposition in Less Rapidly Quenched Heusler Alloys;180
9.5;6.5 Calculation of Mixing Energies in Heusler Alloys;183
9.6;6.6 Conclusions;187
9.7;References;188
10;7 Strain Glasses;193
10.1;7.1 A Brief History of Strain Glass;193
10.2;7.2 Origin of Strain Glass and a Generic Phase Diagram;195
10.3;7.3 Strain Glass Induced by Point Defects;197
10.4;7.4 Strain Glass Induced by Dislocations and Nano-Precipitates;204
10.5;7.5 Competing Consequences of Defect-Doping in Ferroelastic/Martensite Systems: New Martensite vs. Strain Glass;207
10.6;7.6 Summary and Outlook;211
10.7;References;212
11;8 Discrete Pseudo Spin and Continuum Models for Strain Glass;214
11.1;8.1 Introduction;214
11.2;8.2 A Continuum Landau Model with Elastic Interactions and Defects;216
11.3;8.3 A Strain Glass with Randomly Distributed Dopants;218
11.4;8.4 A Discrete Pseudo Spin Model for Strain Glass;220
11.5;8.5 Coupling Information Sciences with Landau Models;223
11.6;8.6 Summary;225
11.7;References;225
12;9 Mesoscopic Modelling of Strain Glass;227
12.1;9.1 Introduction;228
12.1.1;9.1.1 Canonical Structural Glasses;229
12.1.2;9.1.2 Geometrical Frustration;230
12.2;9.2 Anisotropy and Intrinsic Disorder;231
12.2.1;9.2.1 Anisotropy;231
12.2.2;9.2.2 Intrinsic Disorder;233
12.2.3;9.2.3 Cluster Glasses;234
12.2.3.1;9.2.3.1 Strain Glass;236
12.3;9.3 Modelling Strain Glass;238
12.3.1;9.3.1 The Model;238
12.3.1.1;9.3.1.1 Anisotropy;239
12.3.1.2;9.3.1.2 Disorder;240
12.3.1.3;9.3.1.3 Numerical Simulations;240
12.3.2;9.3.2 Preliminary Analysis: Origin of Glassy Behavior;241
12.3.3;9.3.3 Structural Morphology;243
12.3.4;9.3.4 Thermodynamics;245
12.3.5;9.3.5 Thermomechanics;247
12.3.5.1;9.3.5.1 Elastocaloric Response;251
12.4;9.4 Modelling Strain-Mediated Magnetic Glass;252
12.5;9.5 Summary and Conclusions;255
12.6;References;256
13;10 Phase Field Model and Computer Simulation of Strain Glasses;260
13.1;10.1 Martensitic Transformation and Strain Glass Transition in Ferroelastic Systems;261
13.1.1;10.1.1 Phase Field Modeling of Martensitic Phase Transformation;262
13.1.2;10.1.2 Role of Point Defects;265
13.2;10.2 Phase Field Simulation of Strain Glass Transition;266
13.3;10.3 Unique Properties Associated with Strain Glass Transition and Strain Glass State;273
13.4;10.4 Challenge and Opportunity;274
13.5;References;276
14;Index;280