Macaulay / Singer Cybersecurity for Industrial Control Systems

SCADA, DCS, PLC, HMI, and SIS
Erscheinungsjahr 2012
ISBN: 978-1-4665-1611-3
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 203 Seiten

As industrial control systems (ICS), including SCADA, DCS, and other process control networks, become Internet-facing, they expose crucial services to attack. Threats like Duqu, a sophisticated worm found in the wild that appeared to share portions of its code with the Stuxnet worm, emerge with increasing frequency.

Explaining how to develop and implement an effective cybersecurity program for ICS, Cybersecurity for Industrial Control Systems: SCADA, DCS, PLC, HMI, and SIS provides you with the tools to ensure network security without sacrificing the efficiency and functionality of ICS.

Highlighting the key issues that need to be addressed, the book begins with a thorough introduction to ICS. It discusses business, cost, competitive, and regulatory drivers and the conflicting priorities of convergence. Next, it explains why security requirements differ from IT to ICS. It differentiates when standard IT security solutions can be used and where SCADA-specific practices are required.

The book examines the plethora of potential threats to ICS, including hi-jacking malware, botnets, spam engines, and porn dialers. It outlines the range of vulnerabilities inherent in the ICS quest for efficiency and functionality that necessitates risk behavior such as remote access and control of critical equipment. Reviewing risk assessment techniques and the evolving risk assessment process, the text concludes by examining what is on the horizon for ICS security, including IPv6, ICSv6 test lab designs, and IPv6 and ICS sensors.

Zielgruppe

IT Security Professionals.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Macaulay, Tyson

Singer, Bryan L.

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Technik Allgemein Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik
• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik Technische Informatik Computersicherheit
• Wirtschaftswissenschaften Betriebswirtschaft Wirtschaftsinformatik, SAP, IT-Management

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Introduction
Where This Book Starts and Stops
Our Audience
What Is an Industrial Control System?
Is Industrial Control System Security Different Than Regular IT Security?
Where Are ICS Used?
ICS Compared to Safety Instrumented Systems
What Has Changed in ICS That Raises New Concerns?
Naming, Functionality, and Components of Typical ICS / SCADA Systems
Analogue versus IP Industrial Automation
Convergence 101: It’s Not Just Process Data Crowding onto IP

Convergence by Another Name
Taxonomy of Convergence
The Business Drivers of IP Convergence
Cost Drivers
Competitive Drivers
Regulatory Drivers
The Conflicting Priorities of Convergence
ICS Security Architecture and Convergence
The Discussions to Follow in This Book
Endnotes

Threats to ICS
Threats to ICS: How Security Requirements Are Different from ICS to IT
Threats to ICS
Threat-To and Threat-From
The Most Serious Threat to ICS
Hi-Jacking Malware
No Room for Amateurs
Taxonomy of Hi-Jacking Malware and Botnets
The Reproductive Cycle of Modern Malware
A Socks 4/Sock 5/HTTP Connect Proxy
SMTP Spam Engines
Porn Dialers
Conclusions on ICS Threats
Endnotes

ICS Vulnerabilities

ICS Vulnerability versus IT Vulnerabilities

Availability, Integrity, and Confidentiality
Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture (PERA)1
Data at Rest, Data in Use, Data in Motion

Distinguishing Business, Operational, and Technical Features of ICS

ICS Vulnerabilities

Taxonomy of Vulnerabilities

ICS Technical Vulnerability Class Breakdown
IT Devices on the ICS Network

Interdependency with IT

Green Network Stacks

Protocol Inertia

Limited Processing Power and Memory Size

Storms/DOS of Various Forms

Fuzzing
MITM and Packet Injection
Summary

Endnotes

Risk Assessment Techniques

Introduction

Contemporary ICS Security Analysis Techniques
INL National SCADA Test Bed Program: Control System
Security Assessment

INL Vulnerability Assessment Methodology
INL Metrics-Based Reporting for Risk Ass
CCSP Cyber Security Evaluation Tool (CSET)8

Evolving Risk Assessment Processes

Security Assurance Level

SAL-Based Assessments

SAL Workflow

Future of SAL

Security OEE
Putting OEE Metrics Together

Network-Centric Compromise Indicators

Other Network Infrastructure That Can Be Used for Network-Centric Analysis and ICS Security

Network-Centric Assessment Caveats
Conclusion

Endnotes

What Is Next in ICS Security?

The Internet of Things (IOT)

IPv6

ICS v6 Test Lab Designs

IPv6 and ICS Sensors

A Few Years Yet…

Endnotes

Über Autor(innen)

Tyson Macaulay is the security liaison officer (SLO) for Bell Canada. In this role, he is responsible for technical and operational risk management solutions for Bell’s largest enterprise clients. Macaulay leads security initiatives addressing large, complex, technology solutions including physical and logical (IT) assets, and regulatory/legal compliance requirements. He supports engagements involving multinational companies and international governments.
Macaulay also supports the development of engineering and security standards through the Professional Engineers of Ontario and the International Standards Organization (ISO) SC 27 Committee. Macaulay leadership encompasses a broad range of industry sectors from the defense industry to high-tech start-ups. His expertise includes operational risk management programs, technical services, and incident management processes. He has successfully served as prime architect for large-scale security implementations in both public and private sector institutions, working on projects from conception through development to implementation. Macaulay is a respected thought leader with publications dating from 1993. His work has covered authorship of peer-reviewed white papers, IT security governance programs, technical and integration services, and incident management processes. Further information on Macaulay publications and practice areas can be found online at: www.tysonmacaulay.com.
Previously, Macaulay served as director of risk management for a U.S. defense contractor in Ottawa, Electronic Warfare Associates (EWA; 2001–2005), and founded General Network Services (GNS; 1996–2001). Macaulay career began as a research consultant for the Federal Department of Communications (DoC) on information networks, where he helped develop the first generation of Internet services for the DoC in the 1990s.
Bryan L. Singer, CISM, CISSP, CAP, is principal consultant for Kenexis Consulting Corporation. Singer has more than 15 years experience in information technology security, including 7 years specializing in industrial automation and control systems security, critical infrastructure protection, and counterterrorism. His background focuses on software development, network design, information security, and industrial security. Industry experience includes health care, telecommunications, water/wastewater, automotive, food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, fossil and hydropower generation, oil and gas, and several others. He has specialized in process intelligence and manufacturing disciplines such as historians, industrial networking, power and energy management (PEMS), manufacturing enterprise systems (MES), laboratory information management systems (LIMS), enterprise resource planning (ERP), condition-based monitoring (CBM), and others.

Singer began his professional career with the U.S. Army as an intelligence analyst. After the military, he worked in various critical infrastructure fields in software development and systems design, including security. Singer has worked for great companies such as EnteGreat, Rockwell Automation, FluidIQs, and Wurldtech before joining Kenexis Consulting and cofounding Kenexis Security in 2008. At Kenexis, he is responsible for development, deployment, and management of industrial network design and security services from both a safety and a system architecture perspective.
Singer is also the cochairman of ISA-99 Security Standard, a former board member of the Department of Homeland Security’s Process Control Systems Forum, member of Idaho National Labs recommended practices commission, U.S. technical expert to IEC, North American Electronics Reliability Corporation (NERC) drafting team member for NERC CIP, and other industry roles.