Machin Radiometric Temperature Measurements

I. Fundamentals
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-08-092062-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 368 Seiten

This book describes the theory of radiation thermometry, both at a primary level and for a variety of applications, such as in the materials processing industries and remote sensing. This book is written for those who will apply radiation thermometry in industrial practice; use radiation thermometers for scientific research; the radiation thermometry specialist in a national measurement institute; developers of radiation thermometers who are working to innovate products for instrument manufacturers, and developers of non-contact thermometry methods to address challenging thermometry problems. The authors of each chapter were chosen from a group of international scientists who are experts in the field and specialists on the subject matter covered in the chapter. A large number of references are included at the end of each chapter as a resource for those seeking a deeper or more detailed understanding. This book is more than a practice guide, readers will gain in-depth knowledge in: (1) the proper selection of the type of thermometer; (2) the best practice in using the radiation thermometers; (3) awareness of the error sources and subsequent appropriate procedure to reduce the overall uncertainty; and (4) understanding of the calibration chain and its current limitations.
Covers all fundamental aspects of the radiometric measurementsDiscusses practical applications with details on the instrumentation, calibration, and error sourcesAuthors are from leading national labs working in R&D of temperature measurements

Autoren/Hrsg.

Machin, Graham

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front cover;1
2;Radiometric Temperature Measurements: I. Fundamentals;4
3;Copyright page;5
4;Dedication;6
5;Contents;8
6;List of Contributors;12
7;Volumes in Series: Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences;14
8;Preface;18
9;Nomenclature;22
9.1;Greek Symbols;23
9.2;Subscripts;24
9.3;Superscripts;24
10;Chapter 1. Overview of Radiation Thermometry;26
10.1;1. Introduction;26
10.2;2. Basics of Radiometric Temperature Measurements;29
10.3;3. Types of Radiation Thermometers;36
10.4;4. Terms Commonly Used in Radiation Thermometry;46
10.5;5. Summary;49
10.6;References;49
11;Chapter 2. Temperature Fundamentals;54
11.1;1. Introduction;55
11.2;2. Primary Thermometry;55
11.3;3. A Short History of Temperature Scales Leading to the International Temperature Scale of 1990;66
11.4;4. Scale Realisation, Calibration and Traceability;73
11.5;5. Uncertainty Estimation in Non-Contact Temperature Scale Realisation and Dissemination;80
11.6;6. Possible Future Approaches to High-Temperature Scale Realisation and Dissemination;90
11.7;7. Summary;92
11.8;Acknowledgements;93
11.9;References;93
12;Chapter 3. Theory of Thermal Radiation and Radiative Properties;98
12.1;1. Introduction;99
12.2;2. Thermodynamics of Blackbody Radiation;102
12.3;3. Radiative Properties of Materials;110
12.4;4. Electromagnetic Wave Theory;124
12.5;5. Optical Properties;135
12.6;6. Radiative Properties of Layered Structures;144
12.7;7. Summary;153
12.8;Acknowledgement;154
12.9;References;154
13;Chapter 4. Radiation Thermometer Designs;158
13.1;1. Introduction;159
13.2;2. Design Considerations;159
13.3;3. Basic Optical Designs;160
13.4;4. Component Characterizations;162
13.5;5. System-Level Characterizations;168
13.6;6. Radiation Thermometry below the Silver Point;185
13.7;7. Calibration of Radiation Thermometers Using ITS-90;192
13.8;8. Thermodynamic Temperature Measurements Using Radiometric Techniques;193
13.9;9. Summary;201
13.10;References;202
14;Chapter 5. Calculation of the Radiation Characteristics of Blackbody Radiation Sources;206
14.1;1. Introduction;207
14.2;2. Definitions of Principal Quantities;208
14.3;3. Deterministic Methods;212
14.4;4. Monte Carlo Method;233
14.5;5. Numerical Comparison of Results Obtained by Various Methods;256
14.6;6. Conclusions;258
14.7;Acknowledgement;259
14.8;References;259
15;Chapter 6. Blackbody and Other Calibration Sources;266
15.1;1. Introduction;267
15.2;2. Fixed-Point Blackbody Radiators;279
15.3;3. Variable Temperature Blackbodies for Temperatures up to 1,000degC;283
15.4;4. CryogenicsolVacuum Blackbodies;292
15.5;5. Variable Temperature Blackbody Sources above 1,000degC;300
15.6;6. Lamp Sources;309
15.7;7. Summary;314
15.8;Acknowledgements;315
15.9;References;315
16;Chapter 7. Laser Optical and Photothermal Thermometry of Solids and Thin Films;322
16.1;1. Introduction;322
16.2;2. Interferometric Thermometry;324
16.3;3. Ellipsometric Thermometry;329
16.4;4. Photothermal Radiometric Thermometry;338
16.5;5. Thermoreflectance Thermometry;348
16.6;6. Summary;356
16.7;References;358
17;Appendix A: Fundamental and Other Physical Constants;362
18;Subject Index;364