Marinova / Blaszczak / Markov LASER 2006

Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Application of Lasers in Atomic Nuclei Research "Nuclear Ground and Isometric State Properties" (LASER 2006) held in Poznan, Poland, May 29-June 01, 2006
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-3-540-71113-1
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 262 Seiten

This volume contains papers presented at the 6th International Workshop on Application of Lasers in Atomic Nuclei Research, LASER 2006, held in Poznan, Poland, May 29-June 01, 2006. Researchers and PhD students interested in recent results in the nuclear structure investigation by laser spectroscopy, the progress of the experimental technique and the future developments in the field will find this volume indispensable.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Marinova, K.

Blaszczak, Z.

Markov, B.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Title Page
;3
2;Copyright Page
;4
3;Table of Contents;5
4;Preface;8
5;Optical spectroscopy of radioactive atoms;10
5.1;1 Introduction;10
5.2;2 Measurable quantities;12
5.2.1;2.1 Atomic physics;13
5.2.1.1;2.1.1 Actinides;13
5.2.1.2;2.1.2 Electron correlations;13
5.2.1.3;2.1.3 Spectrum of francium
;14
5.2.2;2.2 Electron-nuclear hyperfine interaction;14
5.2.2.1;2.2.1 Isotope shifts;15
5.2.2.2;2.2.2 Bohr-Weisskopf effect
;15
5.3;3 Experimental methods;16
5.3.1;3.1 Atomic beam techniques;16
5.3.2;3.2 Optical methods;22
5.3.2.1;3.2.1 Optical double resonance;22
5.3.2.2;3.2.2 Double resonance by frequency change;23
5.3.2.3;3.2.3 Level-crossing spectroscopy;24
5.3.2.4;3.2.4 Optical pumping;26
5.3.2.5;3.2.5 Radioactive source preparations;28
5.3.2.6;3.2.6 Grating optical spectroscopy;28
5.3.3;3.3 On-line experiments;31
5.3.3.1;3.3.1 RADOP
;31
5.3.3.2;3.3.2 Atomic beams;32
5.3.3.3;3.3.3 Collinear, RIS;33
5.4;4 Selected results;37
5.4.1;4.1 Isotope shifts and nuclear charge distributions;38
5.4.1.1;4.1.1 Odd-even staggering;38
5.4.2;4.2 Extended nuclear magnetization;41
5.5;5 Conclusion;42
5.6;References;44
6;Tests of fundamental symmetries and interactions - using nuclei and lasers;48
6.1;1 Introduction;48
6.2;2 Fundamental symmetries and interactions;49
6.3;3 Discrete symmetries;50
6.3.1;3.1 Parity;50
6.3.2;3.2 CP and T-violation;51
6.3.2.1;3.2.1 ß-decays;51
6.3.2.2;3.2.2 Permanent electric dipole moments (EDMs);52
6.3.3;3.3 CPT tests with antihydrogen;56
6.3.3.1;3.3.1 Gravitational force on H;57
6.3.3.2;3.3.2 Antiprotonic helium;58
6.3.3.3;3.3.3 CPT tests with antiprotonic helium ions;58
6.4;4 Facilities;60
6.5;5 Conclusions;60
6.6;References;60
7;Experimental test of special relativity by laser spectroscopy
;63
7.1;1 Lorentz invariance and time dilation;64
7.2;2 Ives and Stilwell experiments;65
7.3;3 A modern Ives-Stilwell experiment at the TSR;65
7.4;4 Feasibility-test at the ESR;68
7.5;5 Recent development;70
7.6;6 Conclusions;72
7.7;References;72
8;Avision for laser induced particle acceleration and applications
;74
8.1;1 Preamble;74
8.2;2 PET isotope production;75
8.2.1;2.1 Positron emission tomography;75
8.2.2;2.2 Proton production with a high intensity laser;76
8.2.3;2.3 Proton energy measurements;78
8.2.4;2.4 18F and 11C generation
;78
8.2.5;2.5 Target selection;79
8.2.6;2.6 18F and 11C production
;79
8.2.7;2.7 Future development and conclusions;80
8.2.7.1;2.7.1 How to increase the PET isotope activity to 109 Bq?
;80
8.3;3 Mono-energetic proton production;80
8.4;References;86
9;Penning trap mass spectrometry for nuclear structure studies
;87
9.1;1 Introduction;88
9.2;2 Experimental setup and procedure;88
9.3;3 Recent results at ISOLTRAP;90
9.3.1;3.1 Nuclear structure studies;90
9.3.2;3.2 Resolution and weighing of isomeric states;91
9.3.3;3.3 Test of nuclear mass models and mass formulae;92
9.4;4 Present status and technical developments at ISOLTRAP;93
9.5;5 Conclusion and outlook;94
9.6;References;95
10;Precision spectroscopy at heavy ion ring accelerator SIS300
;96
10.1;1 Introduction;97
10.2;2 The 2P1/2,3/2 - 2S1/2 transitions in lithium-like uranium
;97
10.3;3 Precision transition energy measurement in Li-like uranium at SIS300
;98
10.3.1;3.1 Proposed experimental setup;98
10.3.2;3.2 Angular distribution and photon energy in the laboratory system;100
10.3.3;3.3 The laser system and fluorescence rate estimate;101
10.3.4;3.4 The single crystal monochromator;102
10.3.5;3.5 Count rate estimate;104
10.3.6;3.6 Precision of energy measurement;104
10.4;4 Hyperfine spectroscopy;105
10.5;5 Laser cooling;106
10.6;6 Nuclear polarization by optical pumping
;108
10.7;7 Conclusions;109
10.8;References;109
11;Development of a RILlS ionisation scheme for gold at ISOLDE, CERN
;111
11.1;1 Introduction;111
11.2;2 The resonance ionisation laser ion source;112
11.3;3 Resonance ionisation spectroscopy of gold;113
11.4;4 Conclusion;117
11.5;References;118
12;The ALTO project at IPN-Orsay;119
12.1;1 The ALTO accelerator;119
12.2;2 The laser ion source;120
12.3;3 The laser ion guide;120
12.4;References;121
13;Upgrade to the IGISOL laser ion source towards spectroscopy on Tc
;122
13.1;1 Introduction;122
13.2;2 Experimental setup;123
13.2.1;2.1 The ion guide technique;123
13.2.2;2.2 Laser system and new developments;124
13.2.3;2.3 Laser setup for Tc;126
13.3;3 First laser ions of 99Tc
;126
13.4;4 Conclusion and outlook;127
13.5;References;127
14;TRIUMF resonant ionization laser ion source Ga, AI and Be radioactive ion beam development;128
14.1;1 Introduction;129
14.2;2 ISAC setup;129
14.3;3 Laser system;130
14.4;4 TRI LIS setup & beam development;130
14.4.1;4.1 Gallium two-step resonant ionization;131
14.4.2;4.2 Aluminum (1, 1') resonance ionization;132
14.4.3;4.3 Beryllium (2, 1') resonance ionization;133
14.5;5 Conclusions and outlook;134
14.6;References;135
15;Resonance ionization spectroscopy of bismuth at the IGISOL facility;136
15.1;1
Introduction;136
15.2;2 Experimental development;137
15.2.1;2.1 Resonance ionization spectroscopy in an atomic beam unit;138
15.2.2;2.2 Resonance ionization spectroscopy in an ion guide;140
15.3;3 Conclusion and outlook;140
15.4;References;142
16;Optical pumping in an RFcooler buncher
;143
16.1;1 Introduction;143
16.2;References;147
17;LaSpec at FAIR'S low energy beamline: A new perspective for laser spectroscopy of radioactive nuclei;149
17.1;1 Introduction;149
17.2;2 Isotope production and the low-energy beamline at FAIR;150
17.3;3 Beam preparation and transport;151
17.4;4 The LaSpec station;152
17.5;5 Summary;155
17.6;References;155
18;Nuclei near the closed shells N=20 and N=28;157
18.1;1 Introduction;157
18.2;2 Binding energy and shell effects;158
18.3;3 Magic nuclei and deformations;159
18.4;4 New shell closures;160
18.5;5 Deformation and stability of neutron-rich isotopes of light nuclei;165
18.6;6 Concluding remarks;165
18.7;References;165
19;Mg isotopes and the disappearance of magic N =20 Laser and ß-NMR studies;167
19.1;1 Introduction;167
19.2;2 Experimental method;168
19.3;3 Results;170
19.4;References;172
20;Laser spectroscopy measurements of neutron-rich tellurium isotopes by COMPLIS;173
20.1;1 Introduction;174
20.2;2 The set up;174
20.3;3 Procedure;175
20.4;4 The isotope shift and charge radii;176
20.5;5 Nuclear moments;176
20.6;6 Conclusion;179
20.7;References;179
21;Nuclear charge radius of 11Li;180
21.1;1 Introduction;181
21.2;2 Isotope shift and nuclear charge radius;181
21.3;3 Experimental;182
21.4;4 Results;183
21.5;5 Summary and outlook;185
21.6;References;186
22;Towards a nuclear charge radius determination for beryllium isotopes;188
22.1;1 Introduction;189
22.2;2 Experimental method;189
22.2.1;2.1 Optical isotope shift;189
22.2.2;2.2 Laser excitation scheme;190
22.2.3;2.3 Production and transfer of radioactive berillium ions;190
22.2.4;2.4 Experimental procedure;192
22.2.4.1;2.4.1 Linear RF-trap;192
22.2.4.2;2.4.2 Laser set-up;192
22.3;3 Conclusions and outlook;193
22.4;References;193
23;Investigation of the low-lying isomer in 229Th by collinear laser spectroscopy;195
23.1;1 Introduction;195
23.2;2 Production of a 229Th ion beam;196
23.2.1;2.1 Laser ionization scheme development;196
23.2.1.1;2.1.1 Atomic beam preparation;196
23.2.1.2;2.1.2 An ionization scheme for thorium;197
23.3;3 Collinear laser spectroscopy of 229Th;198
23.4;4 Conclusion and outlook;199
23.5;References;199
24;Laser spectroscopy of high spin isomers - a review;200
24.1;1 Introduction;200
24.2;2 Quasi-particle isomer;202
24.3;3 Two-particle isomers in the odd-odd nuclei;203
24.4;4 Conclusion;204
24.5;References;205
25;Nuclear charge radii and electromagnetic moments of scandium isotopes and isomers in the f7/2 shell
;206
25.1;1 Introduction;206
25.2;2 Experimental details;207
25.3;3 Experimental results;208
25.4;4 Discussion;211
25.5;References;212
26;Laser spectroscopy of stable Os isotopes
;213
26.1;1 Introduction;213
26.2;2 Experimental methods;215
26.2.1;2.1 Crossed beams spectroscopy;215
26.2.2;2.2 Collinear beams spectroscopy;215
26.3;3 Results;218
26.4;4 Conclusion and future plans;219
26.5;References;219
27;Study of the neutron deficient 182-190Pb isotopes by simultaneous atomic- and nuclear-spectroscopy
;220
27.1;1 Introduction;221
27.2;2 Experimental method and set-up;221
27.3;3 Results and discussion;224
27.4;4 Conclusions and outlook;225
27.5;References;225
28;Experimental investigation of the stability diagram for Paultraps in the case of praseodymium ions
;227
28.1;1 Introduction;227
28.2;2 Theoretical background;228
28.3;3 Experiment;230
28.4;4 Results;232
28.5;5 Concluding remarks;234
28.6;References;235
29;Correlation effects on the charge radii of exotic nuclei;236
29.1;1 Introduction;236
29.2;2 Theory of two correlated particles;237
29.2.1;2.1 Results;243
29.3;3 Conclusions and outlook;244
29.4;References;245
30;Testing QED with resonance conversion;247
30.1;1 Introduction;247
30.2;2 Atoms in electromagnetic field;248
30.3;3 Tuning BIC;248
30.4;4 Hyperfine splitting in 209Bi82+;249
30.5;5 Conclusion;250
30.6;References;251
31;Author Index to Volume 171 (2006);252

Leseproben

"Tests of fundamental symmetries and interactions - using nuclei and lasers (p. 41-42)

KlausPeter Jungmann

Abstract State of the art laser technology and modern spectroscopic methods allow to address issues of fundamental symmetries and fundamental interactions in atoms with high precision experiments. In particular the discrete symmetries Parity (P), Charge Conjugation (C), Time Reversal (T) as well as their combinations CP and CPT are in the center of interest at present. Actual projects are concerned with Parity Violation in atoms, Time Reversal Violation in ,B-decays and searches for permanent Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs), and tests of CPT conservation in particle-antiparticle properties, in particular antiprotonic atoms.

Keywords Fundamental interactions- Fundamental symmetries. Precision measurements- Magnetic anomalies- ,B-decays. Electric dipole moments- Antiprotons. Radioactive beam facilities

1 Introduction

The Standard Model (SM) in particle physics describes accurately all observations in this field. It appears that even recent spectacular observations in neutrino experiments can be included with moderate modifications. This far ranging theoretical framework lacks, however, a deeper and more satisfactory explanation for many of the facts which it describes so precisely.

Among the open questions are the large number of some 30 free parameters in the SM, the hierarchy of fundamental fermion masses, the number of three particle generations and the origin of Parity (P) Violation and combined Charge Symmetry (C) and Parity violation, i.e. CPviolation. If the SM is combined with Standard Cosmology, the dominance of mater over antimatter in the universe presents a serious unsolved puzzle. In order to provide answers to such intriguing questions speculative extensions have been constructed, such as supersymmetry, left-right symmetry, technicolor and many others. However, they have despite their elegancy no status in physics, yet, unless they can be experimentally verified by an observation of a unique prediction of one of these models.

We know two conceptually different approaches for confirming the SM and also to find New Physics beyond it: The direct observation of new particles or processes and Precise measurements of quantities, which can be calculated to sufficient accuracy within the SM, and where New Physics appears in a significant difference between theory and experiment. Whereas the first approach typically is carried out in high energy physics, the second route uses experiments at low energies.

Precision measurements at low energies offer indeed various possibilities to confirm the SM at a high level, to find new physics and to determine accurate values of important fundamental constants [1--4]. Stringent tests of the SM arise in particular through exploiting one of the recent achievements in atomic physics: cooling and storing of ions, atoms and molecules. This includes, e.g., precise measurements of magnetic anomalies [5-8], precision studies of nuclear tJ-decays [2--4, 9] and searches for permanent electric dipole moments of particles, nuclei, atoms and molecules [10] as well as spectroscopy of antiprotonic atoms [11].

In the recent years, several experiments have reported a few standard deviations differences between theoretical predictions and the measurements. Among those are experiments on the muon magnetic anomaly [5], the unitarity of the CabbiboKobayashi- Maskawa matrix [12], nuclear tJ-decay [13], atomic parity violation [14] and many others. In some cases the differences disappeared completely after refinement of theory. However, not all of them [15]. Further work is needed to clarify the situation."